Prasat Preah Vihear: Duwatsun tuntuɓe….

A cikin labarin da ya gabata na ɗan tattauna Prasat Phanom Rung da yadda ake yin hakan Haikali Khmer hadaddun zuwa al'adun gargajiya na ƙasar Thai an inganta su. A cikin gefen wannan labari na yi magana a taƙaice ga Prasat Praeh Vihear don kwatanta sarƙar dangantakar da ke tsakanin ƙwarewar ainihi da tarihi. A yau zan so in dubi tarihin Preah Vihear, ga mutane da yawa a Tailandia abubuwa da yawa na tuntuɓe…

Ni kaina na gwada sau da yawa a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, ban yi nasara ba, don ziyartar Prasat Preah Vihear daga Thailand. Da direban da muka dauka hayar ya zama ba mai fatawa ba kuma sau uku sojojin Thai dauke da muggan makamai sun mayar da mu a wani shingen bincike saboda 'harin da ke iya yiwuwa'. Saboda kwarewa ta koya mani cewa yin jayayya da abin da nake tsammanin ɗan ƙaramin hankali ne kuma mai haɗari da girgiza Thai tare da HK 35 ba koyaushe yana haifar da sakamakon da ake so ba, na daina 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Amma kamar yadda wata tsohuwar hikimar jama'a ta ce, juriya ya yi nasara kuma a ƙarshe a cikin Disamba 2018, a kan hanyara ta dawowa bayan wata ziyara a Angkor, na yi nasarar taka ƙafa a cikin wannan haikali mai cike da cece-kuce. Kusa da tutocin Unesco, tutocin Cambodia suna shawagi a cikin iska mai dumi da shuɗi da fari alamu masu rubutun ' Preah Vihear shine haikalin mu' kadan shakka game da ikon mallakar wannan rukunin yanar gizon. Yayin da aka hango su daga can gefe, bayan waya ta Thai, wasu sojojin Cambodia biyu sun zauna kadan kadan a karkashin katafaren rufin, tare da Kalashnikov suna annashuwa a kan cinyoyinsu, suna shan taba. Wani yanayi mai zaman lafiya wanda, duk da haka, ya lulluɓe shi da duhun gizagizai na rikice-rikicen hayaniya.

Tabbas, Preah Vihear ba zai iya tsayawa ba idan aka kwatanta da mafi kyawun haikalin Angkor a tsarin gine-gine, amma wurinsa mai ban mamaki shi kaɗai ya dace da shi. A cikin dukan haikalin da aka gina a cikin ƙarni shida na daular Khmer, wannan yana cikin wuri mafi ban sha'awa. Daidaita a gefen wani dutse mai tsayi (625 m. sama da matakin teku) a cikin tsaunin Dangkrek, haikalin yana gabatar da kansa a matsayin jauhari a cikin Cambodia ko kuwa .... Kambin Thai… Kuma ban da haka, ba za a buga safa da ɗumbin ƴan yawon buɗe ido ba, wanda kuma hakan kyakkyawan kari ne… Binciken archaeological ya nuna cewa ginin addini ya tsaya a wannan wuri tun farkon karni na tara, amma na farko. Tushen haikalin, kamar yadda muke gani a yau, an kafa shi sama da shekaru ɗari bayan haka. Yariman Khmer Yasovarman I (889-910) ne ya dauki nauyin ginin, amma a karkashin Suryavarman II, wanda kuma ke da alhakin gina Angkor Wat, Prasat Preah Vihear ya kammala. Gaba dayan hadaddiyar giyar ta karkata ne, wanda ke da matukar ban mamaki ga haikalin Hindu, a kan wani tsayin daka kusan mita 800. tsayin daka daga arewa zuwa kudu wanda ke tafiya daidai da gefen dutsen. Bayan haka, yawancin waɗannan haikalin suna fuskantar gabas. Kamar dai yadda lamarin ya faru a kusa da Prasat Hin Kao Phanom Rung, wannan haikalin kuma an keɓe shi ga Shiva. Saboda dogon tarihin gini, wannan haikalin yana ba da ban sha'awa saboda haɗuwar nau'ikan tsarin gine-gine daban-daban tun daga Koh Ker akan Banteay Srei zuwa salon Angkor Wat na gargajiya. Musamman kyau su ne, a ra'ayi na tawali'u, matakai masu tafiya da gopura biyar, gine-ginen shiga.

A gaskiya ma, takaddamar Preah Vihear ta samo asali ne fiye da karni guda, tun daga 1907. A wannan shekarar, masu zane-zane na soja na Faransa da masu bincike sun nuna iyaka tsakanin Kambodiya - sannan wani yanki na Indochina na Faransa - da Siam, yanzu Thailand. Dangane da bayanan da gwamnatin Thailand ta yi sama da rabin karni bayan haka, ginin haikalin zai kasance a gefen Siamese a cikin asalin iyaka, amma bayan an isar da taswirar, ba zato ba tsammani ya ƙare a asirce. Bangaran Cambodia. Abin ban mamaki, Siamese ba su yi adawa da wannan ba a cikin 1907… Wataƙila sun yi watsi da wannan canjin. Bayan haka, shataletalen da aka kammala a waccan shekarar shi ne ƙarshen wani lokaci na wulakanci da mafi yawan jami’an gwamnatin Siyama ke son mantawa da sauri da wuri, domin ya ci gaba da dawwama tazarar yankunan masarautun Laos da ke ƙarƙashin Bangkok da kuma wani yanki mai yawa. arewa maso yammacin Cambodia akan Faransanci. A cikin karni na casa'in na karni na sha tara, karkashin matsin lambar sojan Faransa da wasu kasashen yamma suka yi watsi da su, Siam ya yi kasa a gwiwa don hana muni.

Ba a manta da wannan ba a Bangkok kuma lokacin da Faransa ta kusa shafe ta daga taswirar a lokacin rani na 1940 ta hanyar cin nasara a Jamus Wehrmacht, ba a daɗe ba sai wani ido mai haɗama ya sake komawa gabas. Lokacin daukar fansa ya yi. Yin amfani da rigingimun hargitsin mulki da rashin wutar lantarki a Indochina, sojojin Thai sun mamaye lardunan 'Sata' Cambodia a cikin bazara na 1941, ba tare da hasara mai yawa ba, bisa umarnin Firayim Minista Marshal Phibun Songkhram. An tsara wannan sana'a a cikin yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da aka kulla a Tokyo a ranar 9 ga Mayu, 1941, karkashin kulawar Jafananci, tsakanin gwamnatin Vichy Faransa da gwamnatin Thailand. Yankin da ke kusa da Preah Vihear ya kasance cikin wani yanki na lardin Laotian Champassak a karkashin wannan yarjejeniya kuma daga nan ne ya kafa sabuwar lardin Nakhon Champassak na Thai. Duk da haka, wannan lardi bai daɗe ba, domin bayan rugujewar daular Japan da kuma mika wuya ga sojojin Japan a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1945, ba a daɗe da maido da ikon Faransa a Indochine ba. Sojojin Thai na ƙarshe sun kwashe Preah Vihear a cikin Oktoba 1946 bayan Paris ta yi barazanar hana Thailand shiga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

Bayan da Faransa ta janye dakaru na karshe daga yankin a shekarar 1954 a matsayin wani bangare na shirin kawar da mulkin mallaka, kwanaki kadan kafin sojojin Thailand Prasat Preah Vihear. man militari shagaltar da. Ko da yake Cambodia ba ta yarda da wannan sana'a ba, kuma yayin da ake ta tashe-tashen hankula, Phnom Penh, don gudun zubar da jini, ya nemi shiga tsakani na Kotun Duniya da ke Hague a shekara ta 1958. Ranar 15 ga Yuni, 1962, Kotun Hukunta ta Dindindin, wani bangare na Kotun Duniya, ta yanke shawarar kuri'a 9 zuwa 3 cewa ikon Prasat Preah Vihear ya kamata ya fada cikin Cambodia. Hukuncin da Thailand ta yi adawa da shi nan da nan wanda ya haifar da mummunar zanga-zangar.

Haƙiƙa ƙaramar mu'ujiza ce Prasat Preah Vihear ya tsira a cikin shekarun da suka gabata saboda a cikin shekaru masu zuwa haikalin ya sha fama da tashin hankalin yaƙi makaho. Lokacin da 'yan gurguzu na Khmer Rouge suka ci karo da sojojin da ke biyayya ga gwamnatin Lon Nol, sojojin kasa sun koma Preah Vihear. Sai dai bayan wasu hare-hare da ba su samu nasara ba, da kuma harin bama-bamai masu nauyi, Khmer Rouge sun sami damar daukar tudun a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 1975. Masu kare na karshe da suka tsira daga sansanin sun koma kan iyaka inda suka mika wuya ga hukumomin Thailand. Mamaya na Vietnam a cikin Disamba 1978 ya kawo karshen mulkin ta'addanci na Pol Pot da Khmer Rouge. 'Yan gurguzu masu tsatsauran ra'ayi sun koma kan iyaka da Thailand daga inda suka gudanar da ayyukan 'yan daba. Ɗaya daga cikin wuraren zafi na ƙarshe yana kusa da Preah Vihear, wanda sojojin Vietnam suka ɗauka a tsakiyar Janairu 1979. Koyaya, yankin ya kasance tushen aiki ga ragowar Khmer Rouge, waɗanda har ma sun sake mamaye haikalin a cikin 1993. A cikin watan Disamba na 1998, rukunin ya kasance wurin tattaunawar mika wuya tsakanin mayakan Khmer Rouge na karshe - daruruwan mayaƙan da ke fama da rashin abinci mai gina jiki da marasa lafiya - da gwamnati a Phnom Penh. Da wannan, labulen ya faɗo akan ɗaya daga cikin shafukan da suka fi zubar jini a cikin tarihin Cambodia da ya riga ya cika.

Ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin sanannun wasan kwaikwayo daga wannan lokacin duhu ya faru a ƴan shekaru baya kuma a Preah Vihear. Dubun dubatar 'yan kasar Cambodia ne suka bi sahun Khmer Rouge da ke ja da baya. Suna tsoron ’yan Vietnamese, sun gudu sun nemi kariya a Thailand. An tsugunar da su ne a wasu sansanonin ‘yan gudun hijira na wucin gadi da ke kusa da kan iyaka, amma ba da jimawa ba aka bayyana cewa gwamnatin Thailand ba ta ji dadin wannan gaggarumin kwarara ba. Janar Kriangsak Chamanan, tsohon babban kwamandan sojojin kasar Thailand, wanda ya dare karagar mulki a ranar 20 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 1977 bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi masa, ya yanke hukuncin cewa abin ya wadatar kuma yana so ya bayyana wa kasashen yammacin duniya cewa Thailand babu ya dade yana son biyan wannan matsalar shi kadai. A ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1979, majalisar ministocinsa ta sanar da wakilan diflomasiyya na Amurka, Faransa da Australia cewa za su iya tattara 'yan gudun hijira 1.200 daga sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Wat Ko domin su zauna a kasashensu. Nan da nan bayan da wannan abu ya faru a tsakiyar dare, sojojin Thailand sun sanya sauran 'yan gudun hijirar a cikin motocin bas suka kai su Preah Vihear. Wani mai sa ido na Amurka ya kiyasta cewa an kai 'yan gudun hijirar Cambodia 42.000 zuwa kan iyaka ta wannan hanya.

Da suka isa harabar haikalin, sai aka kore su babu tausayi bisa dutsen. Suna manne da dutsen da ke rushewa ko saukowa daga lianas da tushen bishiya, yara a bayansu, suka yi ƙoƙarin ceton gawarwakinsu. Kamar dai wannan bala'in bai wadatar ba, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kare ne a wuraren da Khmer Rouge ya ajiye a gindin dutsen… Wadanda suka tsira sun yi amfani da gawarwakin wadanda ba su yi ba a matsayin tsakuwa don shiga cikin aminci. yankin da Vietnamanci ke sarrafawa…. Wani rahoto da hukumar kula da ‘yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta fitar, ya kiyasta cewa wannan aiki ya yi sanadin mutuwar ‘yan kasar Cambodia 3.000, yayin da wasu 7.000 daga cikinsu aka gano sun ‘bace’ bayan…

A cikin 2008, lokacin da UNESCO ta ayyana hadadden wurin a matsayin wurin tarihi na duniya, tashin hankali ya sake tashi lokacin da Thailand ta yi adawa da kwamitin gudanarwa na Cambodia da aka kafa don wannan rukunin yanar gizon. Tashe-tashen hankula a kusa da ginin haikalin, wanda ya kasance tare da tashin hankali na maganganu a Bangkok da Phnom Penh da kuma fadace-fadacen makamai a cikin daji, ya daure ya barke ko ba dade ko ba dade, kuma a cikin Fabrairu 2011 wannan rikicin kan iyaka ya rikide zuwa wani karamin karamin. yakin da ba kawai da dama suka jikkata ba kuma dubun-dubatar 'yan kasar Cambodia sun gudu a firgice, amma wani reshe na haikalin ya kuma yi mummunar barna sakamakon gobarar turmi.

A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 2013, Kotun Duniya ta fitar da wani sabon hukunci da ya kamata a yi sulhu tsakanin bangarorin biyu. A faɗin magana, Kotun ta nuna iyakoki a cikin hukunci, amma dole ne a ƙayyade ainihin ƙayyadaddun iyaka a cikin shawarwarin haɗin gwiwa. Haikalin zai kasance a kan yankin Cambodia, amma Thailand za ta sami tudun Phnom Trap ko Phu Makhua, wanda ke cikin yankin da ake jayayya. Baya ga kawar da sojan yankin, dole ne bangarorin biyu su karbi masu sa ido daga ASEAN. Tare da wannan sabuwar shawarar, saga na Preah Vihear ya zo ƙarshen - na wucin gadi.