Rikicin Jiha da Rashin Hukunci: Kisan 'Red Drum' a Phatthalung (1969-1974)

Yakin da ake yi da gurguzu a Thailand tsakanin shekarun 1949 zuwa 1980 ya kasance tare da take hakkin bil'adama da yawa, kisa, kisa, hukuncin dauri da kuma gudun hijira. Misali mai haske kuma wanda ba a san shi ba shi ne kisan gillar 'Red Drum' a Phatthalung (kudancin Thailand) inda aka yi kiyasin mutane 3.000 aka kashe. Abin da labarin ke ƙasa ke nan.

Bacewar Lim Phaosen

A ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1972, Lim Phaosen, malami a lardin Phatthalung, an ɗauke shi daga gidansa don kada ya dawo. Lim ya bar gida da safe don ya ziyarci wata makaranta a wata gunduma. Wani soja ya zo ya tambaye shi. Surukar Lim, Kloy Ketsang, ta ce ba ya gida kuma ya nemi sojan ya dawo daga baya.

Sojan ya sami Lim a wata gundumar kuma ya tilasta masa komawa gida, ya canza salon sarong ɗinsa da wasu tufafi, sa'an nan ya kai Lim zuwa wani sansanin sojoji da ke kusa. Chaweewan, ’yar Lim ’yar shekara takwas, da kakarta sun yi kuka suna roƙon su bar sojan ya tafi sansanin, amma aka ƙi. Lokacin da matar Lim, Khruawan, ta zo gida ta damu sosai. Amma sojan bai gaya wa Kloy da Chaweewan ainihin inda ya kai Lim ba.

A ranar ma an kama Chom Kaeppong, wani mutum daga ƙauye ɗaya amma an sake shi bayan kwanaki kaɗan. Ya ce ya ga Lim a sansanin. Khruawan ya gaggauta zuwa sansanin da magungunansa amma sojojin sun gaya mata cewa ba su kama Lim ba kuma ba ya cikin sansanin.

Khruawan ya ziyarci sansani da garuruwa da dama a yankin amma ya kasa samun Lim. A ƙarshe, ta sadu da wani wanda ya tsira daga sansanin Thachite wanda ya gaya mata cewa an kona Lim a cikin 'thang daeng' (drum jan mai). Shi ma wannan mutumi ya ce an kashe Lim ne saboda ya yi adawa da shirin wani mai fada a ji wanda ke da kwangilar gina makaranta.

Lim ya kasance ma'aikacin gwamnati na tsawon shekaru goma amma matarsa ​​Khruawan ba ta sami fensho ba ko da albashinsa na ƙarshe saboda babu jiki kuma babu takardar shaidar mutuwa (shaida a ciki). Thairat Jaridar yau da kullun, Fabrairu 7, 1975)

Kashe-kashen

Tsakanin 1969 zuwa 1975, an kashe kusan mutane 3.000 da ake zargin 'yan gurguzu ne a lardin Patthalung. Anyi hakan ne ta hanyar sanya su a raye amma wani lokacin ba su san komai ba, a cikin gangunan mai ana kona su. Ganga mai aka sawa a kasa, an sanya wani a cikin ganga, an dora komai a saman wata ganga mai kona.

Sojojin sun yi hakan ne a sansanoni daban-daban na lardin, kamar Baan Kho Lung. Wani gonaki a wurin ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin sojoji biyu daga barikin Senanarong da ke Songkhla da kuma barikin Ingkayuth Borihan a Pattani.

"Manufar gwamnatin Thanom Kittikachorn ce ta kori 'yan gurguzu na dindindin," in ji wani tsohon jami'in 'yan sanda na musamman. Amma gwamnati ba ta bayyana abin da “tabbas” ke nufi ba. Ya kara da cewa yayin da sojojin suka kona wadanda ake zargin a cikin gangunan mai, wasu sojoji sun kashe iyalai baki daya a Nakhorn Si Thammaraat tare da barin gawarwakin a kwance. “Masu aikin da ke ƙarƙashinsu sun aiwatar da umarni kawai. Kurakurai sun kasance babu makawa'.

Rundunar ‘yan sandan ta kuma taka rawa wajen murkushe wannan mugunyar, in ji shi. Jami'an leken asiri sun aike da jerin sunayen wadanda ake zargi da aka kashe ko kuma aka tura su sansanin sojoji a Baan Kho Lung.

Abin da Fon Silamul ya tuna

Danniya da 'yan sanda da sojoji suka yi ya kori dubban mutanen kauyen shiga hannun haramtacciyar jam'iyyar gurguzu. Fon Silamul, wanda yanzu ya zama kansila na lardin, yana daya daga cikinsu. Ya tuna yadda tsoro ya sa shi ya tsere zuwa tudun Phu Banthat bayan sojoji da 'yan sanda sun ziyarci gidajen 'yan uwansa suka tafi da dukkan mutanen zuwa sansanin Baan Kho Lung.

Lokacin da ‘yan uwa suka ziyarci sansanin ‘yan kwanaki, an gaya musu cewa an sako wasu, wasu kuma sun mutu. Babu wanda ya koma gida.

Fon ya ce ba zai iya tuna wani mutum guda, babba da babba, wanda har yanzu yana zaune a kauyukan Baan Na, Lamsin, Khao Khram, Baan Tone, Baan Loh Kwai, Baan Lam Nai, Baan Na Wong, Baan Rai Nua da Baan Kongla bayan labarai sun bazu cewa ana kona mutanen da ake zargi da taimakawa 'yan gurguzu da ransu.

“Me irin mu mutanen kauye za su iya yi a lokacin da muka shiga tsakanin jami’an gwamnati da Jam’iyya? Idan muka ƙi ba da haɗin kai da ɗayansu, za mu kasance cikin haɗari sosai. Ɗauki gefe da ’yan gurguzu ya zama kamar hanya mafi kyau don tsira yanzu da ’yan sanda da sojoji ba za su iya kāre mu ba kuma komai ya kasance babbar matsala.'

Lokacin da mutane suka kasa dogara ga jami'an gwamnati, sai suka koma ga membobin Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci da suka kafa kansu a wannan yanki shekaru tara da suka gabata a farkon shekarun XNUMX. Ta yi alkawarin kare mutanen kauyen daga zaluncin sojoji da kuma tabbatar da doka da oda.

Lamarin ya ta'azzara saboda sarakunan ƙauyen suna ƙara sunayen mutanen da suke da sabanin ra'ayi da su a cikin jerin sunayen da ake zargin 'yan gurguzu ne.

Kona naman mutum

Da aka tambayi Fon da sauran mutanen kauyen yadda suka san ana kona wadanda aka kama da ransu a cikin gangunan mai, sai suka ce suna jin kukan wadanda abin ya rutsa da su a kan hayaniyar motocin sojoji duk da yamma bayan an kai wadanda ake zargi zuwa sansanin. Mutanen ƙauyen suna jin ƙamshin naman ɗan adam da ke ƙonewa, suna ganin hayaƙi ya tashi a cikin dare.

"A lokaci guda, an jefa wasu fursunoni daga jirage masu saukar ungulu a kan tudun Phu Banthad," in ji Fon.

Da aka tambaye su ko suna da wata shaida ta kisan kiyashin, Fon da sauran mutanen kauyen sun ce sun gano kwanyar kai da kasusuwa tare da Klong Muay, kusa da sansanin Baan Kho Lung, bayan rufe sansanin a shekarar 1975. Fon ya kara da cewa "Yara sun yi wasan kwallon kafa da kokon kai kuma an gaya mana cewa an zubar da toka da sauran gawarwakin a Lampham, wani bangare na Thlae Luang da ke Phatthalung."

Bayan Fage: Tashin gurguzu 1965-1983

Wannan tawaye bai kai da yawa ba. Tsoron kwaminisanci, ba gaba ɗaya ba a fahimta ba idan aka yi la'akari da ci gaba a Laos da Vietnam, ya fi haɗarin gaske.

A cikin 1961, ƙananan ƙungiyoyin Pathet Lao ('yan gurguzu na Lao) za su kutsa cikin arewacin Thailand. Sun yi aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyin da ake zalunta sau da yawa, kamar ƙabilar tuddai. An tura mutane zuwa kasar Sin don samun horo. Haƙiƙanin tashin hankalin bai faru ba sai a shekarar 1965 lokacin da mayaka 'yan daba suka fara kai wa jami'an tsaro hari.

An ce galibin mayakan 'yan Vietnam ne da kuma 'yan kasar Laotiyawa, amma tun da farko kungiyar ba ta samu dimbin mabiya a cikin al'ummar Thailand ba. Hakan ya canza bayan kisan gillar da aka yi a jami'ar Thammasaat a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1976, lokacin da dubban dalibai suka tsere daga "share" a Bangkok suka shiga cikin 'yan ta'adda.

Yawancin sansanonin sun kasance a arewa maso gabas, wasu a arewa da kudu. Fiye da mata da maza fiye da 6.000 ba za su shiga ba, watakila mayaƙa 3.000 masu ɗauke da makamai. Dakarun kasar Thailand sun yi nasarar mayar da maharan saniyar ware, amma dubun dubatan sojoji ba su taba samun nasarar kwace sansanonin ba. Har ila yau, ƙungiyar gurguzu ba ta sami goyon baya sosai a tsakanin sauran jama'a ba.

A cikin 1980, lokacin da tawayen ya riga ya ruguje saboda rarrabuwar kawuna na cikin gida (gwagwarmayar da ake yi tsakanin Maoists na gaske wadanda suka maida hankali kan kasar Sin da Thais masu kishin kasa), Firayim Minista Prem Tinsulanonda ya ba da sanarwar yin afuwa ga baki daya. A shekarar 1983 aka kawo karshen boren. Yawancin tsoffin mayakan sa-kai har yanzu suna rike da muhimman mukamai a sansanonin siyasa, ja da rawaya, da kuma a jami'o'i.

A cikin waɗannan shekarun tsakanin 1965 zuwa 1980, 'Communist' ya kasance kalmar cin zarafi ga duk wanda ake ganin yana barazana ga ƙasa don haka yana barazana ga tsaron ƙasa fiye da ainihin wa'adi. Kwaminisanci ya kasance duk wani mutum mai mahimmanci wanda bai yarda da mulkin kama karya na soja kamar Sarit da Thanom ba. Wasu an kashe su a fili, da yawa sun bace a kurkuku ko kuma sun yi hijira.

Tsoron kwaminisanci, wanda Amurkawa ke rura wutar, ya dauki nauyin da bai dace ba kuma ya kai ga cin zarafin bil'adama da dama kamar kisan gillar 'Red Drum' na Phatthalung da kisan gillar jami'ar Thammasaat a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1976. Sabbin takardu da aka gano sun nuna cewa Amurkawa , wanda wani bangare ya mamaye Thailand a cikin waɗannan shekarun, ya san abubuwan ban tsoro.

Binciken jama'a game da kisan gillar 'Red Drum'

A ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1973, wani bore mai farin jini, wanda ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai suka fara, ya kawo ƙarshen mulkin 'Azzalumai Uku': Field Marshal Thanom, Field Marshal Phrapat da ɗansu kuma surukinsu Colonel Narong. An fara lokacin babban 'yanci. An sake buga littattafan da aka dakatar, an sayar da su kuma an karanta su sosai. An yi yajin aiki da yawa, tawayen manoma, tattaunawa da wani hargitsi.

A cikin shekarar 1975, kungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi irin su Village Scouts, Red Gaurs da Nawapol, da sojoji da 'yan sanda suka tunzura su, suka fito don yakar kungiyoyin 'hagu', wanda a karshe ya kai ga kisan gilla a Thammasaat. Jami'ar (6 Oktoba 1976), juyin mulki da sabunta duk wani 'yanci har zuwa tamanin.

Amma a farkon karni na saba’in, 1973-1975, dalibai da dama sun shiga kasar domin wayar da kan jama’a game da ‘yancinsu, game da dimokuradiyya da ‘yanci da kuma taimaka musu a gwagwarmayarsu.

Misali, ya zo hankalin gungun dalibai masu fafutuka da ke aiki a Kudancin kasar cewa an yi kisan gilla a cikin Phatthalung da kewaye a shekarun baya. Phinij Jarusombat, shugaban reshen siyasa na Cibiyar Dalibai ta Tailandia (NSCT) kuma dalibi na shekara hudu a Jami'ar Ramkhamhaeng wanda ya dauki sakonnin farko zuwa Bangkok kuma ya gabatar da su ga NSCT. Sun shirya kai wadanda suka tsira da shedu zuwa Bangkok inda aka yi muhawarar jama'a game da abubuwan da suka faru a Phatthalung. Hakan ba koyaushe yake da sauƙi ba. Ana yi wa shedu da masu fafutuka barazana akai-akai, wanda hakan ya sa Abdulmanee Abdullah ya ce yana rayuwa a cikin rashin lafiya, Mulkin Tsoro. Jaridu na yaren Thai kamar Thai Rath, PrachathipataiDimokuradiyya), Prachachat en Siang Puangchon kula da shi kusan kullum a cikin watannin Fabrairu da Maris 1975.

Ministan cikin gida, Atthasit Sitthisunthorn, ya kafa kwamiti a tsakiyar watan Fabrairun 1975 don bincikar zarge-zargen. Hukumar ta cimma matsayar ne bayan wata daya da cewa, hakika an kashe fararen hula da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba, kuma jami’an gwamnati ne ke da alhakin hakan, amma adadin wadanda suka mutu bai kai daruruwa ko dubbai ba, amma ‘yan adam XNUMX ko XNUMX ne kawai. Babu wanda aka azabtar. (A Tailandia, akwai imani da yawa cewa jami'an jihohi ba za a taɓa yin la'akari da su ba, sai dai ... cika shi).

Ayyukan Rundunar Tsaron Cikin Gida (ISOC), wanda ya kasance ci gaba na Dokar Kwaminisanci na Kwaminisanci (CSOC) tun 1973, ya ci gaba har yau. Bayan juyin mulkin Oktoba na 1976, an rufe wannan mummunan lamari a Thailand.

abin tunawa

Dangane da ƙin yarda na farko na jami'an gwamnati, na yi imani a cikin 2003, an kafa wani abin tunawa a gundumar Srinarin (Phatthalung) inda ake tunawa da waɗanda aka kashe akai-akai.

Sources

• Tyrell Haberkorn, Yin Nisa da Kisa a Tailandia Rikicin Jiha da Laifi a cikin Phatthalung, Jami'ar Latsa ta Kentucky, 2013
• Prapaparn Rathamarit, Red Drum Murders a Patthalung, Bangkok Mujallar bugawa ta musamman, Disamba 15, 2006
• Matthew Zipple, Kisan gillar Jajayen ganga na Thailand Ta hanyar Binciken Takardun Takaddun Shaida, Binciken Kudu maso Gabas na Nazarin Asiya, Juzu'i na 36 (2014 (shafi na 91-111)
• Yanar Gizo na Prachatai: 'Laifuka na Jiha: An tilasta bacewar, kisa da rigakafi', Maris 25, 2014
• http://prachatai.org/english/node/3904