Wani abu game da alamar Buddha

Shugaban Buddha ya rufe tushen bishiyar banyan a Wat Maha Wannan haikalin a Ayutthaya

Abokai wani lokaci suna tambayata "Lung Jan, gaya mani game da alamomin Buddha da al'adu” kuma yawanci ba na ɗaukar dogon lokaci don yin itace game da wannan… Ko da yake ni ba ƙware ba ne, na koyi wasu abubuwa cikin shekaru da yawa waɗanda na yi farin cikin raba.

Al'adu da alamomin addinin Buddah a kudu maso gabashin Asiya suna da wadata da bambanta kamar yankin kansa. Duk da haka, akwai wasu fasalulluka na gama-gari. Misali, mun san cewa ya ɗauki fiye da ƙarni biyar bayan mutuwar Buddha kafin mabiyansa su fara nuna shi a zahiri. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, stupa wanda, bisa ga al'ada, ana ajiye tokarsa ko ƙashinsa, ita ce cibiyar ibada da abubuwan da ke tattare da ita. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, hoton bishiyar da ya sami mafi girman fahimtarsa ​​a ƙarƙashinta, da sarautar da ya zauna a ƙarƙashin wannan bishiyar, da sawun da ya bari a baya, da Ƙaƙwalwar Shari'a da ya fara a cikin wa'azinsa na farko. Deer Park na Benares ya isa ya haifar da kasancewarsa na alama a wuraren ibada da tunani.

Dharmachakra

Wasu daga cikin alamomin da aka ambata, ba zato ba tsammani, sun nuna kwanan wata daga zamanin Buddhist. Tsohuwar alamar Vedic na dabaran, alal misali, asalin dabaran rana ce, alama ce da ake samu a cikin nahiyar Eurasia kuma mabiya addinin Buddah suka daidaita. darma chakra, Dabarun Doka. A farkon lokaci na Buddha iconography, wannan dabaran, bisa wani ginshiƙi, ba wai kawai alama ce ta farko da wa'azin jama'a na Buddha a Benares ba, amma kuma yana daya daga cikin regalia. Chakravartin, Mai Mulkin Duniya, kawai mai mutuwa daidai da matsayi da Buddha. Dabarar kamar yadda aka nuna a yau tana da magana guda takwas da ke wakiltar Tafarki Mai Girma Takwas, wato, Fahimtar Dama, Tunani na Dama, Maganar Dama, Ayyukan Dama, Rayuwar Dama, Ƙoƙarin Dama, Hankali Dama, da Matsalolin Dama.

Al'adar Indiyawa ta sanya wannan alamar a kan ginshiƙai kusa da filin haikalin Mon wanda ya zauna a wani yanki mai girma na abin da ake kira Thailand da Burma a farkon zamanai na tsakiya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da yawa daga cikin waɗannan Ƙwayoyin Dokokin an tona su a Thailand. Farkon gano irin wannan dabaran ya faru ne fiye da shekaru 150 da suka gabata a zamanin mulkin Rama IV, wanda ya mulki Siam tsakanin 1851 zuwa 1868. An hako shi a Phra Pathom Chedi a Nakhon Pathom amma mutane sun kasance cikin duhu game da ma'anar da za a ba da ita. Alal misali, an daɗe da gaskata cewa waɗannan ƙafafun a zahiri ƙafafun karusan alloli ne…

bishiyar banyan

Wata alamar da za a iya saduwa da ita sau da yawa ita ce bishiyar bodhi ko banyan (Addini ficus), itacen da Buddha, bisa ga al'ada, ya zo ga Babban Haskaka. Ana ɗaukar wannan 'itacen tada' mai tsarki a cikin addinin Buddha kuma yana wakiltar samun wayewa. A gaskiya ma, mabiyan Buddha sunyi imani da sauri cewa kowane Buddha wanda ya bayyana kansa da kuma Maitreya ko Buddha na gaba, kowannensu bodhiruma yana da wata bishiya ta musamman, wanda a ƙarshe ya kai ga wata ƙungiya ta kanta a kusa da bishiyar bodhi. Har zuwa karni na sha tara, a Bodh Gaya (Bihar), bisa ga almara, asalin bishiyar bodhi wanda Buddha ya sami wayewa a ƙarƙashinsa an ziyarta da girmamawa daga mahajjata daga ko'ina cikin Asiya. Lokacin da wannan bishiyar ta mutu a ƙarshe - don tsoratar da muminai - 'yan watanni bayan haka, ga mamakin masu bi guda ɗaya, wani sabon harbe ya fito daga kututturen.

Wannan tashin matattu na banmamaki ya tabbatar a idanun mutane da yawa rashin lalacewa na bishiyar bodhi. An dasa yankan da iri daga bishiyar aka dasa a ko'ina. A mafi yawan gidajen ibada da temples muna samun bishiyar bodhi a tsakiyar wurin ginin ginin. Yawancin yankan bishiyoyin bodhi da aka dasa a kusa da gidajen ibada da temples a Thailand sun fito ne daga bishiyar da aka samu a Anuradhapura, babban birnin lardin Arewa ta Tsakiya a Sri Lanka, bishiyar ta gangaro kai tsaye daga na Bodh Gaya. Wannan yana da duk abin da ya yi tare da sauƙi mai sauƙi cewa Buddha Theravada a cikin yankin da muka sani a yau kamar yadda Thailand an gabatar da shi musamman daga Sri Lanka. Fitattun kayan da aka yi a Tailandia sun haɗa da wanda sarki Tiloka na Lanna ya shuka a shekara ta 1455 a ginin Wat Ched Yot a Chiang Mai da kuma dasa shuki a shekara ta 1507 a lokacin sadaukar da gidan sufi na Brah Sri Mahabodhi a Thailand. Sukhothai.

Akalla shekarun da suka gabata kamar bautar bishiyar bodhi shine na abin da ake kira sawun Buddha. Ya kamata su tunatar da mabiyan cewa Buddha ya taɓa tafiya a cikin jiki a wannan duniya kuma ya shirya hanya ta ruhaniya wanda duk mai sha'awar koyarwarsa zai iya bi. An riga an bauta wa ƙafafu na alloli da gurus a zamanin Buddhist a lokacin Indiya. Mutum ya sanya kai akan ko ƙarƙashin ƙafafu a matsayin alamar gane matsayi.

Hoton Buddha a Wat Phra Phutthabat a Saraburi (ultrapok / Shutterstock.com)

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun sawun Buddha shine bakon yanayin halittar da aka samu a saman Dutsen Peak na Adam na Sri Lanka. Amma ban da wannan dunkulen dutse, wanda aka fassara a matsayin sawun sawun, ba da daɗewa ba abubuwan da maƙeran dutse da ƙwararrun tagulla suka yi suka bayyana waɗanda ake ɗauka kamar haka. paribhogacetiyasun zama abubuwan tunawa masu tsarki ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Buddha. Al'adar nuna waɗannan sawun ya samo asali ne daga Sri Lanka don haka ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa musamman a ƙasashe irin su Burma, Cambodia da Thailand, waɗanda aka canza daga Sri Lanka, ana iya samun yawancin waɗannan kwafin. Ko da yake sawun Buddha da muke samu a Koriya, Tibet, Sin da Japan, musamman ma alamomin da aka zana a kansu, sau da yawa sun bambanta da waɗanda muke samu a cikin ƙasashe masu al'adar Theravada, suna da girman girmansu iri ɗaya, wanda ya zuwa yanzu. ya zarce girman ƙafar ɗan adam kawai.... Bugu da ƙari, in ban da siffar diddige zagaye, suna da kamanni ko žasa mai siffar rectangular tare da yatsu biyar masu tsayi daidai. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman darajar waɗannan sawun a Tailandia ana iya samunsa a Saraburi a Wat Phra Phutthabat. Wannan bugu ne na 'na halitta' wanda, bisa ga al'ada, an gano shi kwatsam a cikin 1606 ta hanyar mafarauci…

Ga masu sha'awar, zan so in ƙare ta hanyar nuni ga wani mutum-mutumi na musamman da ke cikin gidan tarihi na ƙasa a Sanam Luang a Bangkok. Wannan dutse mai daraja ta tagulla, wanda bai wuce rabin mita ba, ya fito ne daga Lanna kuma an ce an jefa shi a shekara ta 1481. Yana kwatanta Buddha a cikin aiwatar da sanya sawun sa a cikin wasu uku kuma mafi girma kwafi. An ce waɗannan ra'ayoyin na uku ne na Buddha 27 waɗanda, bisa ga al'adar Theravada, sun riga Sakyamuni, Buddha tarihi, a cikin hazo na lokaci. Sun yi imani da gaske cewa kowane Buddha, bayan ya sauko daga sararin sama, ya sanya sawun sa a ƙofar birnin Sankasya. Tunanin cewa kowane Buddha ba zai iya kawai a zahiri ba amma kuma a alamance ya bi sawun magabacinsa ya sami sauƙaƙa ta wurin imani da yaɗuwar cewa kowane Buddha a cikin wannan dogon tarihin tarihi ya ɗan ƙarami cikin girma….