Fitaccen masanin tarihin Thai: Chaophraya Thiphakorawong

Har zuwa lokacin da aka kawar da cikakken mulkin sarauta a cikin 1932, tarihin tarihin Siamese lamari ne na Kotun. Hasali ma hakin sarakuna ne da sarakuna da masu fada aji da manyan sufaye. Tarihi ya kasance abin sha'awa na manyan mutane kuma tabbas ba batun bane 'ƙaramin Luyden'… Sarakuna kamar Mongkut da Chulalaongkorn da sarakuna kamar Damrong, Narit da Wachirayan sun buga nazarin tarihi. Chaophraya Thuphakorawong wani muhimmin bangare ne na wannan al'ada, amma ya ba da sabon salo, da ban mamaki da sabon salo ga rubuta tarihi a cikin Siam.

An haife shi a Bangkok a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1813 a matsayin Kham Bunnnag, ɗa na biyu na Tish Bunnag (1788-1855) da Than Puying Chan. Iyalin Bunnnag dangin Farisa ne na musamman Tushen wanda ya zauna a Ayutthaya a farkon karni na sha bakwai, ya koma addinin Buddha kuma ya sami daraja a can cikin sauri..

Akalla mutane biyar na wannan iyali sun rike mukaman minista har zuwa faduwar Ayutthaya a shekara ta 1767. Kakansa Chaophraya Akkaramahasaena shi ne Siamese Samuha Kalahom, ko Ministan Tsaro na kasa kuma amintaccen Sarki Rama I. Mahaifinsa, Tish Bunnag, a matsayin Chaophraya Borom Maha Prayurawongse, zai zama babban jigo a cikin kotu kuma mai rike da sarautar Sarki Mongkut (Rama IV). Kham Bunnag, kamar dukan ’yan’uwansa, an ƙaddara shi ne ya yi wa Siam hidima a babban mukami; Ya ɗauki matakansa na farko a ofishin jama'a a kusa da 1835 a matsayin hukuma a cikin Port Department. Tare da ’yan uwansa, ba da jimawa ba sun rike mukamai masu muhimmanci a harkokin mulki da mulkin kasar nan. Bayan da Sarki Rama III ya mutu a shekara ta 1851 ba tare da nada magaji ga karagar mulki ba, Bunnags sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ayyana Mongkut a matsayin mai nuna karagar mulki. Domin nuna godiya ga goyon bayan Kham, Mongkut ya nada shi Chaophraya kuma Ministan Gwamnati a shekara ta 1853 kuma ya ba shi kujera a majalisar rawani. Bayan shekaru biyu ya zama mai kula da Baitulmali, don haka a ce Ministan Kudi kuma, a matsayinsa na Phra Klang, ya kuma kula da huldar kasashen waje. A bayyane ga gamsuwar Mongkut, wanda ya daukaka shi zuwa Thiphakorawong a 1865.

Bayan da ya fara gwagwarmaya da matsalolin lafiya, Thiphakorawong ya yi murabus a shekara ta 1867 kuma ya sadaukar da kansa gabaɗaya don rubuta rubutun Buddha da tarihin tarihi. Babban aikinsa shi ne babu shakka'Nangsue sadaeng kitchanukit ' (Littafi akan batutuwa daban-daban) wanda a cikinsa ya goyi bayan ra'ayoyin masu kawo sauyi na Mongkut game da sake fasalin addinin Buddah mai mahimmanci, yayin da a lokaci guda kuma yana ƙoƙarin daidaita addinin Buddha tare da ra'ayoyin yammacin zamani bisa ci gaban fasaha. An buga shi a cikin kwafi 200 a cikin Nuwamba 1867, littafin shine littafin kimiyya na farko a Thai wanda ya taɓa buɗe injin bugawa. Samuel Smith, sakataren sirri na Phra Pin Klao, mataimakin sarki kuma ɗan'uwan Mongkut ne ya buga shi. Daga baya Smith zai buga wa Thiphakorawong warƙoƙin addinin Buddha akai-akai, waɗanda aka ba su kyauta ga manyan mutane a wurin bikin konewa.

Sarki Chulalongkorn, wanda ya yi sarauta a kan Siam daga 1868 zuwa 1910, jim kadan bayan nadin sarautarsa, mai yiwuwa a cikin Disamba 1868, ya ba wa Thiphakorawong umarni da ya rubuta tarihin sarakunan farko guda hudu na daular Chakri. Thiphakorawong ya kammala wannan aikin a cikin shekaru biyu kuma ya kammala aikinsa a shekara ta 1870. Amma duk da haka sai a shekara ta 1934, shekaru sittin bayan Thiphakorawong ya rubuta lissafinsa, aka buga kundin tarihin Rama III. Wannan yana da komai da abin da Thiphakorawong ya rubuta game da Yarima Rakronnaret (Mama Kraison). An tuhume shi da laifin cin hanci da rashawa. Bugu da ƙari, yana dadangantaka ta jiki' tare da ’yan qungiyarsa na raye-rayen maza da mata masu kyan gani. Sarki Rama III, wanda a cewar Thiphakorawong yana da cikakkiyar masaniya game da yanayin jima'i na yariman da kuma cin hanci da rashawa, kawai an gudanar da bincike bayan yawan korafin cin hanci da rashawa ya yi yawa. Kuma idan akwai wanda zai iya sanin wannan, Thiphakorawong ne saboda mahaifinsa Dit Bunnag ne ya gudanar da wannan bincike a lokacin… A sakamakon wannan binciken, an yanke wa yariman hukuncin kisa a watan Disamba 1848 kuma aka kashe shi.

Wannan labari, duk da haka, dalla-dalla ne kawai daga babban rubutun da ya rubuta game da mulkin Rama III. A hukumance, an jinkirta buga littafin har sai manyan zuriyar dangin Yarima Rakronnaret sun mutu, amma a zahiri ɗan'uwan Chulalongkorn ne, Yarima Damrong, wanda ke son kare martabar masarautar ta kowane hali. Tun da farko, a matsayin editan aikin Thiphakorawong na baya-bayan nan, ya riga ya fitar da binciken. Misali, sirri ne cewa ya cire sassa biyu daga ainihin rubutun da ya shafi daular Chakri, wato yadda Rama I ya ba da izinin kashe wani kuyanginsa da suka yi kokarin ba shi maganin soyayya da kuma wani wanda ya yi kokarin yin hakan. don kunna wuta a fadar…

Abin yabo ne ga Thiphakorawong cewa, a matsayinsa na ɗan tarihi mai son, shi ne na farko wanda ba wai kawai ya zaɓi neman gaskiya a matsayin ɗan tarihi ba, amma kuma ya bi mafi girman abin da zai yiwu. Halin da masana tarihi na Thai da yawa waɗanda ke horar da ilimi za su iya koya daga yau…