Metteyya, Buddha na gaba

A cikin Nuwamba 1883, Sarki Chulalongkorn, Rama V, ya yi tafiya zuwa Lopburi a cikin jirgin ruwan sarauta. A Wat Mani Cholakhan ya ba da riguna na sufaye, bikin kathin na shekara-shekara. Lokacin da yake son girmama Buddha ta hanyar kunna kyandir, ya ga mamaki da bacin rai cewa mutum-mutumi daya tilo a wurin yana wakiltar Metteyya. Ya nemi a cire wannan mutum-mutumi kuma a maye gurbin wani mutum-mutumi na Buddha a wurinsa domin ya iya yin sujada a gaban Buddha.

Sarkin ya tsawatar da sufaye: 'Kada ku nemi tsari ga Metteyya amma a cikin Jewels Uku kawai: Buddha, Sangha da Dharma'. Ya tambayi wani fitaccen malami, Phra Yangrakkhit, ko ya sunkuya ga Metteyya. "A'a, ban yi ba," in ji sufayen. An riga an kwatanta bautar Metteyya a zamanin Sukhotai, a ƙarshen karni na goma sha uku.

Yana da kyau koyaushe ka ba da amsar da ake so idan sarki ya tambaye ka wani abu.

Wanene Metteyya?

Metteyya ya kasance kuma ana girmama shi sosai a duk ƙasashen Buddha, daga Afghanistan zuwa Japan da kuma daga China zuwa Indonesia, mai yiwuwa tun daga haskakawar Buddha. Shi Buddha ne na gaba wanda, bayan wani lokaci na rashin lafiya da wahala, lokacin da Dharma, Koyarwa, an manta da shi gaba daya, zai tsara abubuwa kuma ya kawo adalci, haƙuri da ƙauna.

'Buddha' lakabi ne kawai ('wanda aka haskaka') wanda a halin yanzu muke komawa ga Gautama Siddhartha mai haske. Yawancin Buddha sun taso cikin tarihi kuma da yawa za su biyo baya. Hasashen da yawa sun ɗauka cewa Metteyya zai bayyana shekaru dubu biyar bayan Gautama Siddhartha.

Farin Lotus

Kasar Sin ita ce kasar da ake fama da tashe-tashen hankula da dama, musamman tashin hankalin manoma. Yawancin waɗannan sun sami wahayi daga Metteyya, Almasihun Buddhist. Akalla dozin a tsakanin shekaru 300 zuwa 1900.

'Farin Lotus' wata ƙungiya ce ta sirri, ƙungiya ce ta addini da siyasa, wacce ta samo asali a ƙarshen karni na sha uku lokacin da daular Yuan ta Mongolian ta mamaye kabilar Han. Ta yi amfani da Metteyya a matsayin misali. Ƙungiya ce da ta tsoratar da hukumomi, kamar yadda ma ya tabbata daga wata doka a 1912:

'dukkan al'ummomin da suke kiran kansu 'Farin Lotus', ƙungiyoyin Metteyya da Ming ts'un addini (Manicheans) ko kuma makarantar 'White Cloud' tare da duk waɗanda ke yin ayyukan karkatacce da bidi'a, waɗanda ke yin ayyuka a asirce. bautar kalmomi da siffofi, da kunna turare, da taruwa da daddare, ana watsewa da rana domin tada hankalin jama'a, da yaudarar jama'a, da sunan raya kyawawan halaye, za a hukunta su.

Hukumar bautar kasar Sin, amma idan ta yi adalci.

Yesu da Metteyya

Hoton Buddha daga Gandhara, karni na 2

A cikin shekarar Ubangijinmu ta 1910, limamin Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Arewacin Siam, Mista William Clifton Dodd, ya gudanar da bincike daga Chiang Mai don neman Sipsong Panna a Yunnan, Kudancin China. Mutanen Thai Lue, da ake kira 'Dai', suna zaune a Sipsong Panna. Ya ƙare a wani gari, Meuang La, wanda ke cikin 'yan kwanaki na tafiya a arewacin Chiang Rung (Jinghong cikin Sinanci). A haikalin yankin ya rataye hotuna tare da jigogi na Kirista. William Dodd ya ce:

'...Lokacin da na dawo daga wanka, na ga cewa Lue suna mamakin waɗannan kyawawan hotuna. A bayyane yake cewa ba su da daraja shi kuma suna ganin shi a matsayin nishaɗi. Bayan sha'awarsu ta ɗan gamsu, na sake bayyana hotunan. Yayi kyau ganin jin dadinsu ya koma ibada. Saƙon ya kasance sabon gare su kuma da yawa sun ɗaga hannuwansu don girmamawa. Wani mutumin Lue ya tambaya, "Shin wannan Yesu da muke kira Ariya Metteyya?" Na amsa masa da cewa: Eh, domin Ariya na nufin ‘Highborn’ kuma Metteyya tana nufin ‘Mai rahama’. Sai na bayyana cewa Yesu babban haihuwa ne kuma mai jin ƙai. The Lue's ya amsa da baƙin ciki: 'Mai zuwa, Almasihu, ya riga ya zo, ba mu gan shi ba'. Na yi farin ciki da suka ga alaƙa tsakanin Yesu da Metteyya. Mutumin Lue wanda ya damu ya ce, “Ba mu gan shi da idanunmu ba amma muna ganin hotunansa. Muna ganin littafinsa kuma muna jin sakonsa'. Ina tsammanin ya karbi sakon.”

Da yawa ga William Dodd.

Wani ɗan mishan, Daniel McGilvary, ya yi ƙoƙari ya juyar da mutane zuwa Kiristanci a wasu garuruwa da ke kusa da Chiang Mai a shekara ta 1876. Ya rubuta: ‘Sa’ad da na tambaye su ko suna so su bauta wa Yesu, sun ce za su yi tunani a kai. Wasu sun ci gaba da tafiya suna cewa suna bauta wa Yesu a ƙarƙashin sunan 'Buddha Metteyya, Shi mai zuwa har yanzu'.

Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa mabiya addinin Buddha sun rikita Yesu da Metteyya. An annabta saƙon cewa wata rana Metteyya za ta zo don kafa al'umma mai adalci a cikin rubuce-rubucen leaf dabino da yawa a cikin haikali da yawa kuma sufaye da malamai na wurin suka yi shelarsu. Malamina Kirista ne kuma ya ce Metteyya Phra Yesu (Yesu, mai suna 'jeesoe').

Kwayoyi

1 shine 'Metteyya' a cikin Pali, 'Maitreya' a cikin Sanskrit da 'Phra Sri Ariya Mettrai' a cikin Thai. Duk waɗannan kalmomi an samo su ne daga kalmar Sanskrit 'maitri' wanda ke nufin ƙauna ta alheri. A cikin Thai wannan shine sanannen 'mêettaa kàróenaa'. Kalmar da ke da alaƙa a cikin Thai ita ce 'mit(r)' wacce ke nufin 'aboki'. 'Ariya' na nufin 'Mai daraja'. Mu 'Aryans' ne, 'Masu daraja', ko ba haka ba? 'Sri' prefix ne wanda kuma ke nufin 'Babba, Mai Girma, Mai Girma'.

2 Mutanen Thai Lue asalinsu sun fito ne daga Sipsong Panna ('Filayen Shinkafa Dubu Sha Biyu', suna nufin garuruwa 12 a tsakiyar gonakin shinkafa a cikin kwari) inda ake kiran su 'Dai' kuma sun zauna a Arewacin Thailand a cikin biyun da suka gabata. shekaru dari. Laos, Arewacin Thailand da Burma. A kasar ta baya, musamman a birnin Yong, shi ya sa ake kiransu da sunan 'Yong' a can. Wasu sun zo da son rai, wasu kuma 'yan gudun hijira ne a cikin wannan rudani na karni na sha tara tare da yakokinsa da dama, da yawa bayin yaki ne. Zane-zane a cikin wani haikali a Chiang Kham, Phayao, sun nuna waɗannan tafiye-tafiye da abubuwan ban dariya da ban dariya. Yawancin ƙauyuka da ke kusa da Chiang Kham har yanzu suna da sunaye daga Sipsong Panna.

Dan nawa mai girman kai ne na Thai Lue/baren yamma.

3 Hoton Metteyya daga karni na biyu AD. zuwa daga Gandhara yana da ban sha'awa. Gandhara sanannen daula ce da ta tashi daga gabashin Afghanistan zuwa arewa maso yammacin Pakistan kimanin 6^e karni kafin zuwa 11th^e karni AD Mafi yawan wannan lokacin gabaɗaya mabiya addinin Buddha ne, daga baya sun fi Hindu kuma a ƙarshe na Musulunci. Kusan ƙarni na farko AD. an halicci mutum-mutumi na farko na Buddha a can. Masarautun Girka na yamma sun yi tasiri sosai ga Gandhara, don haka ake kiran al'adar Greco-Buddhist. Mutum-mutumin Metteyya da muke gani a nan yana da fasalin fuskar Girka kuma yana sanye da riguna na Girka.

Don haka yana da yuwuwa tasirin addinin Buddha ya kai Gabas ta Tsakiya kafin zamaninmu.

Sources

• Kamala Tiyavanich, Buddha a cikin Jungle, Littattafan Silkworm, 2003
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitreya en https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhara