Labarin - kusan - manta da labarin Sojojin Siam Expeditionary Force

Ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba ne aka kawo karshen yakin duniya na farko a wurare da dama na duniya. A Bangkok, ana yin wannan bisa ga al'ada a gidan Cenotaf zuwa Ofishin Jakadancin Burtaniya inda ake tunawa da ma'aikatan wannan cibiyar guda 25 da suka mutu da kuma 'yan gudun hijirar Siamese-British da suka mutu. Har ila yau sadaukarwar mazauna Faransa 11 a Siam da suka mutu a lokacin Babban yaƙi ana karrama su a ofishin jakadancin Faransa duk shekara.

Tun 1922 wannan kuma ya faru a ɗan ɓoye a cikin kore Siam War Memorial a wajen Sanam Luang. Wannan farin wurin ibada ya ƙunshi tokar sojojin Thailand 19 da suka yi aiki a matsayin mambobi Siam Expeditionary Force (SEF) sun rasa rayukansu a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Gaskiyar cewa Siam ya yi aikin soja a lokacin Babban Yaƙin ya tabbatar da cewa WWI ya kasance rikici na duniya ta kowace hanya.

A lokacin barkewar yaki, Sarkin Siamese Vajiravudh, wanda ba a san shi da tabbatar da kansa ba, ya fuskanci zaɓe mai wahala. Personal shi ne sarki, na 12^e zuwa 22^e ya yi horo a Ingila kuma ya kasance mai daraja Kanar na rundunonin soja Durham Light Infantry masu goyon bayan Birtaniyya a fannin daidaitawa, amma da yawa daga cikin manyan masu fada a ji a gwamnatinsa, wadanda suka damu musamman kan karfafa matsayin Birtaniyya a yankin, ba su da karfin Anglophile. Wasu daga cikin 'yan'uwan sarki, wadanda tsohon babban hafsan hafsan sojin kasar Prince Paribatra - wanda ya kasance ministan ruwa tun 1910 - ya kasance mafi muhimmanci, sun fito fili sun buga katin na Jamus. Wanda ya ke adawa da su shi ne kanin Sarki Francophile, Yarima Chakrabongse, babban hafsan hafsoshin sojojin Siamese wanda ya shahara da jajircewarsa, wani shaho na ruwa mafi tsarki wanda ya gwammace nan da nan ya shigar da sojojin Siamese cikin yakin kawancen. Babban kawun Vajiravudh, Yarima Devawongse, wanda ya ci gaba da rike mukamin Sakataren Harkokin Waje tun 1885, ya yi kokarin hana masarautar daga cikin rikici ba tare da nuna adawa da Birtaniya sosai ba. Sakamakon duk wannan cece-ku-ce shi ne, Siam, kamar yadda Sin ta yi, a hukumance ta zabi tsaka tsaki.

Sai a ranar Lahadi, 22 ga Yuli, 1917, Sarki Vajiravudh - wanda Amurka ta yi masa kwarin gwuiwa a yakin - ya shelanta yaki a kan kasashen tsakiya. An kama wasu jiragen ruwa tara na Jamus da ke kan hanyar Chao Praya tare da daure musu sarka. Mazauna Siam 296 'yan kasar Jamus da Austriya, da suka hada da mata 43 da yara 58, sun bace, suna jiran korarsu zuwa Indiya, a wani sansani inda Ferdinand Jacobus Domela Nieuwenhuis, babban jami'in hulda da jama'a na kasar Holland a Bangkok, ya kula da su.

Duk da cewa da yawa daga cikin mambobin gwamnati sun nuna bacin ransu saboda tsadar da aka kashe, a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 1917, an yi kira da a kafa gwamnatin tarayya. Siam Expeditionary Force. Wannan abin alama ne saboda iyakacin rundunar sojojin zai ƙunshi sojojin sufuri, ma'aikatan lafiya da na sojan sama waɗanda za a tura ƙarƙashin umarnin Manjo Janar Phraya Bijai Janriddhi don tallafawa ƙawancen ƙasashen yamma. Janriddhi hafsan sojan doki ne wanda ya yi karatu a Faransa na tsawon shekaru takwas sannan ya sami horon aikin hafsa a Belgium na tsawon shekaru hudu. Sansanin Allied sun mayar da martani cikin shakku ga shirin Siamese. Babu wanda yake son ƙwararrun sojoji waɗanda kuma, da ƙyar suka wuce na bataliyar ta fuskar adadi. Hatta sojojin talakawa sun mayar da martani da raha ga yadda Siyama suka shiga yakin. Mai ba da agajin yaƙin Flemish, Kofur Jeroom Leuridan, alal misali, ya yi mamaki a cikin littafin tarihinsa ko giwayen Siamese za su iya bunƙasa a cikin laka ta Flemish…

Duk da haka, dubban samari ne suka shiga aikin sa kai na yaƙi, amma daga baya aka zaɓi 1.284. Bayan kammala horo na asali, maza na SEF sun tashi a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 1918 a Ko Sichang don Faransa da yaki. Ba zato ba tsammani, SEF tana fitarwa a ƙarƙashin sabon tuta, tutar ja-fari-blue Daga Trairong, wanda ya maye gurbin tsohuwar tuta da farar giwa a bangon ja. Tailandia tana bin tuta na yanzu ga yakin duniya na farko…

Bayan balaguron balaguron teku, sojojin Siamese sun isa Marseille a ƙarshen Yuli 1918. Nan da nan suka samu ruwan sanyi domin sun riga sun cika kwanaki kadan, don haka babu wani bikin maraba. Bugu da ƙari, Faransawa sun fara ɗaukar su - gaba ɗaya ba daidai ba - don wasu 'yan jiragen ruwa na ma'aikatan gaba na Vietnam ... Sojojin Siamese, waɗanda suka rabu a kan wuraren horo daban-daban don horarwa na gaba, ba da daɗewa ba sun gane cewa har yanzu akwai ƙarancin daraja na soja don zama. da. SEF ta isa Faransa ne bayan da kawancen ya dakatar da wani gagarumin farmaki na karshe na Jamus kuma ya barke kwanaki kadan kafin yakin Amiens, wanda ya haifar da harin karshe na kwanaki 100 na Allied.

Lokacin da gawawwakin sufuri suka fara aiki a matsayin rukunin farko na SEF kusa da Chalons a watan Oktoba, nan da nan ya bayyana cewa sadarwa tare da Faransanci musamman ya bar abin da ake so. Wannan ba kawai saboda rashin masu fassara ba, amma tabbas har ma da tunani da son zuciya na Faransawa ga sababbin abokansu, waɗanda, a gaban yawancin jami'an Faransanci waɗanda suke jin sun fi girma, ba su fi masu sanyi a Indochina ba ... Tashin hankali. da sauri ya tashi har gwamnatin Siamese ta yi la'akari da janyewar SEF, amma kafin wannan ya faru, an sanya hannu kan armistice a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba. Duk da haka, wannan ba yana nufin cewa Siamese zai iya komawa gida nan da nan ba. SEF ta kasance wani ɓangare na sojojin mamaye a Rhineland na wasu watanni shida kuma, ƴan makonni kafin tashin ƙarshe na Bangkok, an ba da izinin shiga cikin manyan faretin nasara a Paris, London da Brussels a cikin Yuli 1919. An dawo da yawancin SEF a cikin Satumba 1919. Sun kawo gawarwakin 'yan uwansu 19 da suka mutu a Turai. Babu ko daya daga cikinsu da aka kashe sakamakon ayyukan yaki. An kashe su ko kuma sun kamu da rashin lafiya.

Tasirin soja na Siam Expeditionary Force Ya kasance kadan, amma ba za a iya faɗi hakan ba game da ɓangarorin siyasa da suka biyo bayan wannan yarjejeniya. A sakamakon haka, bayan yaƙin, ta sami kima da karɓuwa a duniya tare da ƙarfafa iƙirarin ikonta. Kasar ba wai kawai ta zama memba na kungiyar League of Nations ba - magabatan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya - har ma ta yi nasarar tilastawa Amurka da makwabciyarta 'yan mulkin mallaka Faransa (Indochina) da Burtaniya don sake duba har ma da soke yarjejeniyoyin da ke cutar da su. shi (Burma & Malaysia).

A ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 2003, Yod Sangrungruan mai shekaru 104 ya mutu a Phitsanulok. Wannan tsohon makanikin sojojin sama shi ne na karshe da ya tsira daga cikin sojojin Siam Expeditionary Force. Da wannan, shaida ta ƙarshe ta rikicin da a yanzu ya kusa sharewa daga tarihin gamayya na Thailand ya ɓace.