Kungiyoyin kwadago a Thailand da bacewar Thanong Pho-arn

Thanong Pho-arn (Hoto: Bangkok Post)

Kungiyoyin kwadago a kasar Thailand a ko da yaushe suna adawa da gwamnati kuma ba kasafai suke taka rawa wajen inganta yanayin aiki na ma'aikatan kasar Thailand ba. Wannan ya shafi ƙananan kamfanoni na gwamnati. Bacewar shugaban kungiyar kwadago Thanong Pho-arn a watan Yunin 1991 alama ce ta wannan.

Thanong Pho-arn 

Thanong Pho-arn ya kasance shugaban kungiyar ga kamfanoni mallakar gwamnati, shugaban kungiyar kwadagon kasar Thailand kuma mataimakin shugaban kungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta kasa da kasa. A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 1991, Babban Kwamandan Gwagwarmaya Suthorn Kongsompong (mahaifin Kwamandan Sojoji na yanzu Apirat Kongsompong) da Kwamandan Sojoji Suchinda Kraprayoon sun yi juyin mulki a kan gwamnatin Chatichai Choonhavan kuma suka yi mulki a matsayin Majalisar Zaman Lafiya ta Kasa, NPKC. Masu yunkurin juyin mulkin dai sun so ne su yaki cin hanci da rashawa da inganta harkokin mulki da kuma kare masarautu, saboda barazanar kashe-kashen da aka yi a shekarun XNUMX.

Jim kadan bayan hawansa mulki ne gwamnatin mulkin sojan kasar ta haramta duk wasu ayyukan kungiyar kwadago. Thanong ya fito fili ya nuna adawa da wannan warewar kungiyoyin a cikin jama'a tare da yin magana da kakkausar murya kan yadda sojoji suka kwace iko da kuma ayyana dokar ta baci. A farkon watan Yuni na 1991, ya shirya zanga-zanga a Sanaam Luang. Ya tsinci kansa ana binsa a wannan lokacin sannan kuma ya samu barazanar kisa ta waya.

Thanong ya shirya halartar taron shekara-shekara na kungiyar kwadago ta duniya (ILO) a Geneva a watan Yuni. Ma’aikatar cikin gida ta rubuta masa takarda ta hana shi halartar taron. Thanong yayi niyyar saba wa wannan odar. Ya gaya wa matarsa, Rachaneeboon, cewa "...idan bai amsa kwana uku ba da an kama shi, kuma idan ya wuce kwana bakwai zai mutu..."

A ranar 19 ga Yuni, 1991, Thanong ya bace. Motarsa ​​da alamun fada aka same shi babu kowa a kofar ofishinsa. Akwai kuma allurar insulin da yake buƙata don ciwon sukari. Mataimakin ministan cikin gidan ya ce mai yiwuwa Thanong ya gudu daga matarsa ​​da danginsa.

Binciken 'yan sanda bai gano komai ba. Bayan boren Black May a shekarar 1992 wanda ya hambarar da Janar Suchinda tare da haddasa asarar rayuka da dama, gwamnatin Anand Panyarachun ta kafa wani kwamiti da zai binciki bacewar Narong. Bayan watanni biyu na bincike, kwamitin ya yanke shawarar cewa babu wata alama ta ko menene ya faru da Narong. Sai dai ta ki fitar da cikakken rahoton. Haka kuma kwamitocin majalisar biyu suka bi a shekarar 1 da 1993. Kungiyoyin kwadago na kasa da kasa sun tallafa wa gwauruwar Narong da 'ya'yansu biyu kan kudi.

Takaitaccen Tarihin Kungiyoyin Kwadago a Tailandia

Har zuwa kusan 1950, ma'aikata a Siam/Thailand sun ƙunshi yawancin ma'aikatan ƙaura na Sinawa. Ya girma a ƙarƙashin mulkin Sarki Chulalongkorn (Rama V, 1868-1910), musamman saboda karuwar ayyukan jama'a kamar tituna, layin dogo da sauran ababen more rayuwa. Yawan mutanen Bangkok sannan ya ƙunshi kashi 30-50% na mutanen Sinawa. A cikin 1910 an yi babban yajin aiki wanda ya gurgunta Bangkok kuma ya tsorata Sarki Vajirawuth (Rama VI, 1910-1925)). Wani yanayi na adawa da kasar Sin ya bayyana, alal misali a cikin wata doka ta 1934 wacce ta ba da umarnin cewa rabin ma'aikata a masana'antar shinkafa su zama Thais na gaske.

Bayan shekara ta 1950, an dakatar da shige da fice daga kasar Sin kuma wasu Thais, duk da cewa suna da yawa, sun shiga aikin. Yawan jama'a ya karu sosai a wancan lokacin, amma har yanzu akwai wadataccen fili da za a yi noma da zai dace da ci gaban al'ummar noma musamman. Tsakanin 1970 zuwa 1980, yiwuwar hakan ya ɓace, haka kuma, rabon masana'antu a cikin tattalin arzikin Thai, wanda wani lokaci ya karu da fiye da 10%, ya karu cikin sauri. Mutane da yawa daga yankin sun tafi aiki a cikin sabbin masana'antu a Bangkok da kewaye, na farko a lokacin da noma ya tsaya cik, daga baya kuma har abada.

Wannan ci gaban ya inganta ci gaban ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi waɗanda suka fara fitowa a cikin 1s, misali a cikin layin dogo da trams a Bangkok. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, ya karu da sauri cikin girma. Alal misali, a ranar 1947 ga Mayu, 70.000, an yi taron ma’aikata XNUMX daga masana’antar shinkafa, da injinan katako, da ma’aikatan jirgin ruwa da na layin dogo.

Wani sauyi ya zo lokacin da Janar Sarit Thanarat ya karbi mulki a shekara ta 1958. Ya haramta duk ayyukan kungiyoyin kwadago, ya yi imanin cewa masu daukar ma'aikata da ma'aikata su tsara yanayin aiki cikin jituwa da Vadertje Staat. Haka abin ya faru a shekarar 1991 lokacin da Janar Suchinda Kraprayoon ya yi juyin mulki.

Bayan tashin hankalin Oktoba na 1973, an fara buɗewa da lokacin kyauta. Yayin da kafin nan adadin yajin aikin a kowace shekara ya kai ashirin, a wannan lokacin ya kasance tsakanin 150 zuwa 500 a kowace shekara. Makiyayan sun shirya kuma sun bukaci a inganta ayyukan hayar da haƙƙin mallaka. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, wannan ya riga ya haifar da kisan gilla na shugabannin manoma kusan 40 kuma ƙungiyar ta mutu bayan kisan jama'a a Jami'ar Thammasat a watan Oktoba 1976 (duba hanyar haɗin da ke ƙasa). A cikin 1976, an kuma kashe shugaban jam'iyyar Socialist, Boonsanong Punyodyana.

Zanga-zangar kungiyar kwadago a Bangkok (Kalma 1000 / Shutterstock.com)

Hasali ma, duk gwamnatoci tun daga shekarar 1945 sun yi iyakacin kokarinsu wajen dakile tasirin kungiyoyin kwadago kan manufofin gwamnati.

Duk da haka, a cikin lokaci mai 'yanci tsakanin 1973 zuwa 1976, an kafa wata doka don daidaita ayyukan ƙungiyoyin kwadago. Yawancin waɗannan dokokin har yanzu suna aiki a yau. Misali, ƙungiyar zata iya wakiltar kamfani ɗaya ko masana'antu ne kawai a cikin tattaunawar, kuma idan sama da kashi 20% na ma'aikatan wannan kamfani membobin ƙungiyar ne. Dole ne ƙungiyar ta kasance ta yi rajista da ma'aikatar kwadago. An ba da izinin ƙungiyar laima, amma ba za ta iya yin shawarwari ga duk ma'aikata tare ba. Ba a yarda ma'aikatan ƙaura daga ƙasashen da ke kewaye su shiga ƙungiyoyin Thai ba.

Saboda dalilan da ke sama, ƙungiyoyi a Tailandia sun rabu sosai, akwai fiye da dubu. Suna kuma gasa da juna, suna da mambobi kaɗan (kashi 3.7% kawai membobi ne) da ƙananan kuɗi don haka suna da rauni kuma ba su da tasiri. Kusan kashi 80% na duk ƙungiyoyi suna cikin Babban Bangkok, yayin da rabin dukkan lardunan Thai 76 ba su da ƙungiyoyi. Ƙungiyoyin kamfanonin mallakar gwamnati sun bambanta. Yawancin lokaci suna tallafawa manufofin gwamnati kuma suna jin daɗin fa'idodi kamar albashi wanda wani lokaci ya fi 50% sama da na sauran kamfanoni, da sauran yanayin aiki masu kyau.

Bugu da kari, kamfanoni sun bi manufar kebe mambobin kungiyar kwadago masu aiki. Sau da yawa ana korar su ko kuma cin gaba da su ta wasu hanyoyi, wani lokaci ba bisa ka'ida ba da tashin hankali. A yayin yajin aikin, ana yawan rufe kamfanin don sake kafa shi a wani wuri, misali tare da wasu gyare-gyaren da ba a bin wasu ka'idoji.

Wadannan abubuwa guda uku, manufofin gwamnati da dokokin da ke hana tasirin shiga tsakani, raunin kungiyar da kansu da lasisi ga kamfanoni don adawa da ayyukan kungiyar sun haifar da rashin kyawun yanayin aiki a Thailand. Bangaren da ba na yau da kullun ba, wanda kusan kashi 50-60% na duk ma'aikata ke shiga, shi ma ba a shirya shi da kyar ba don haka ya kasa yin hannu.

Littafin Pasuk da aka ambata a ƙasa ya ce a ƙarshen babin 'Labour':

Ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago da ƙungiyoyi sun zama fatalwar siyasa waɗanda kamannin su ke damun ƴan kama-karya da abokansu.

Babban tushe

Pasuk Phongpaichit da Chris Baker, Tailandia, Tattalin Arziki da Siyasa, 2002

Kyakkyawan labarin kwanan nan akan ƙungiyoyin kwadagon Thai

https://www.thaienquirer.com/8343/the-thai-state-has-consistently-suppressed-its-unions-the-latest-srt-case-explains-why/

game da zanga-zangar manoma

https://www.thailandblog.nl/geschiedenis/boerenopstand-chiang-mai/

Ga waɗanda suke son karanta ƙarin game da ƙungiyoyi a Tailandia, ƙarin labarin kwanan nan daga 2010:

https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/thailand/07563.pdf

ambato daga gare ta:

A cikin dogon tarihinsu, ƙungiyoyin Thai sun ci gaba da kasancewa cikin mawuyacin hali a ƙarƙashin gwamnatoci daban-daban. A halin yanzu, babu alamun babban canji a manufofin aiki.

Juyin mulkin soja na shekara ta 2006 da dawowar jiga-jigan masu ra'ayin rikau da sojoji wadanda a kodayaushe ke shakkun kungiyoyin kwadago da kasar jin dadi ana sa ran za su yi illa ga kungiyar kwadago ta Thailand. Rikicin siyasa da rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin al'umma da suka biyo bayan juyin mulkin sun kuma haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin kungiyar kwadago ta Thailand

Karuwar matsin lamba na gasa na yanki da na duniya a kan kamfanonin Thai saboda rikicin kudi na 2008 ya kara tsayin daka ga ma'aikata ga kungiyoyin kwadago kuma ya kara raunana karfin ciniki na kungiyoyin Thai.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen ƙungiyar ƙwadago na Thai ya kasance rauninsa ta fuskar tsarin dimokraɗiyya na cikin gida da ingantaccen tsari, da haɗin kai da haɗin kai tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata.