Yunkurin zanga-zangar a Thailand: Majalisar Talakawa

An yi shiru a cikin sararin jama'a na Thailand tsawon shekaru masu yawa, ta yadda masu karbar fansho, ƴan gudun hijira da masu yawon buɗe ido su sami cikakkiyar jin daɗin kyakkyawar ƙasar. Ba da dadewa ba ne ƙungiyoyin bangarori uku na bangaran siyasa, ja, rawaya da kore, suka haifar da tarzoma, ko da yake ya faru ne a wani ƙaramin yanki amma mai arziki kuma mai muhimmanci na Bangkok. Wannan labarin ya ba da labarin wani yunƙuri na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki mai tushe, Majalisar Talakawa.

Majalisar Talakawa

Majalisar Talakawa wadda daga baya ake kiranta da AOP, kungiya ce mai fa'ida mai son kare muradun dukkan talakawa, musamman ma mazauna karkara wadanda suka koma gefe saboda ci gaban tattalin arziki da ba su la'akari da rayuwarsu. halin da ake ciki. An kafa taron ne a yayin wani taro da aka yi a Jami’ar Thammasaat a shekarar 1995 inda aka hada runduna domin yaki da kare albarkatun kasa: ruwa, filaye, dazuzzuka, da kamun kifi da ma hakar ma’adinai don tabbatar da rayuwar al’ummar yankin.

Dalilin wannan yunkuri dai shi ne zanga-zangar adawa da gina madatsar ruwa ta Pak Mun. (bayanin kula 1). Kamfanin wutar lantarki na jihar Egat (tare da taimakon bankin duniya) ne ya gina wannan madatsar ruwa don samar da wutar lantarki kuma an bude shi ne a shekarar 1994. Ba a kusa cimma karfin da ake sa ran zai kai megawatt 136 ba. Abubuwan da ake tsammani na ban ruwa ma sun kasance ba su cika ba.

Kazalika, sana’ar kamun kifi da ke da matukar muhimmanci ga rayuwar mazauna yankin, ta yi mummunar barna. Kimanin nau'in kifi dari biyu da hamsin ne suka bace kuma kifin ya ragu da kashi 60 zuwa wani lokaci kashi 100 cikin 25.000. Canje-canjen da aka samu wajen kula da ruwa ya kuma haifar da asarar filaye da dazuzzuka masu yawa. Akalla mutanen ƙauye 1995 sun rasa wani yanki mai yawa na rayuwarsu. A cikin 90.000 sun sami diyya ɗaya na baht XNUMX. Auna muhallin da aka yi kafin gina dam din ya yi watsi da illolin da ke tattare da shi. Wannan kuma ya shafi misali dam na Rasi Salai da ke Sisaket, wanda aka gina a kan wani gishiri da kuma sanya guba a gonakin shinkafa da dama. Wannan dam din ba ya aiki.

Haka kuma kasar Thailand ta dade tana fama da tashe-tashen hankula da zanga-zanga, musamman a Arewa da Arewa maso Gabas da manoma. Misali shi ne motsi na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Thailand kuma ana iya samuwa a nan: www.thailandblog.nl/historie/boerenopstand-chiang-mai/

Zanga-zangar ta farko

Zanga-zangar dai ta fara ne a lokacin shirye-shiryen dam din a shekarar 1990, sai dai ya tsananta bayan bude madatsar ruwa a shekarar 1994, inda aka kai ga kololuwa a tsakanin shekarar 2000-2001, inda aka kara fitowa fili karara yawan barnar da dam din ke yi ga muhalli, kuma hukumomi suka ki zuwa wurin wadanda abin ya shafa don sauraren karar. . Masu zanga-zangar sun bukaci a bude madatsar ruwa a duk tsawon shekara, tare da dakatar da wasu madatsun ruwa da kuma biyan diyya mai ma'ana ga asarar da aka yi.

Babban kokensu shi ne yadda mutanen karkara suka biya farashi don samar da masana’antu ta hanyar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje da kuma ci gaban jihar.

An fara zanga-zangar ne a madatsar ruwan da kanta inda aka gina wani kauye. Manufar zanga-zangar ita ce, ko da yaushe, don bayyana matsalolin da kuma hanyoyin da aka tsara, da kuma kokarin tabbatar da su. Tausayin tausayawa abu ne da ake bukata kuma kafofin watsa labarai suna taka rawa sosai a cikin hakan. Hakan ya yi aiki sosai har zuwa rikicin tattalin arziki na 1997, lokacin da hankali ya koma kan manyan matsalolin a lokacin: kusan kashi 20 cikin dari na raguwar tattalin arziki da karuwar rashin aikin yi. Kafofin yada labarai kuma sun sha wahala kuma sun rasa sha'awar wadannan zanga-zangar. Ba kamar firaministan da ya gabata Chavalit ba, sabuwar gwamnatin Chuan Leekpai (Nuwamba 1997) ta ɓullo da halin ƙiyayya a fili ga AOP. Gwamnati ta zargi tafiyar da cewa tada hankali ne, rashin niyya da kuma gudanar da aiki tare da taimakon kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na 'kasashen waje', suna lalata kimar Thailand tare da yin watsi da rangwame da gwamnatin da ta gabata ta yi.

AOP ta fahimci cewa zanga-zangar ba tare da kulawar kafofin watsa labarai ba abin takaici ne kuma ta yanke shawarar yin kamfen a Bangkok.

Zanga-zangar Bangkok na Afrilu-Agusta 2000

AOP din dai ya girma zuwa wani yunkuri mai fadi fiye da wanda ke adawa da Dam din Pak Mun kadai. Har ila yau, sun wakilci batutuwan ban da madatsar ruwa kamar ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da gandun daji, batutuwan kiwon lafiya na wurin aiki, kamun kifi da al'ummomin marasa galihu a Bangkok.

Masu zanga-zangar sun kafa tantuna a gidan gwamnati, gidan gwamnati, inda suka mamaye gidan na wani lokaci. Hakan ya faru ne a ranar 16 ga watan Yuli. An kama mutanen kauyen 224, an tsare su kuma an tuhume su da shiga ba bisa ka'ida ba. Daya daga cikin jagororin kungiyar, Wanida Tantiwithayaphithak, ya bayyana cewa ta haka ne kawai za a iya matsa wa gwamnati lamba. "Dole ne mu yi kasadar," in ji ta. Manema labarai da masana kimiya na kasar Thailand XNUMX sun yi tir da tashin hankalin da jihar ke ciki. Sai dai duk da haka, mazauna kauyen na yawan fusata da manema labarai da ‘yan jaridansu, inda suke zarginsu da kai labari.

Kafofin yada labaran Thai game da wadannan zanga-zangar

Kafofin yada labarai na Thai sun mayar da hankali sosai kan abubuwan da ke faruwa a Bangkok. A dukkan larduna akwai masu aiko da rahotanni daga manyan jaridu, kuma tabbas daga na yaren Thai, amma suna korafin cewa ba a kai labari sosai ba, kodayake an samu sauyi a 'yan shekarun nan.

Yanzu ya yiwu a kunna latsa. Khaosod da Bangkok Post ya rubuta labarai masu kyau. Shafin farko na BP ya nuna wani katon kifi kuma ya rubuta cewa mutanen kauyen suna addu'ar wannan kifi ya dawo. Phuchatkaan, mujallar kasuwanci, ba ta da tausayi kuma ta yi Allah wadai da zanga-zangar. Wasu takardu sun tura zanga-zangar zuwa shafukan baya. Kamfanin wutar lantarki na Egat ya wallafa wata talla da aka yi kama da labarin labarai don kare manufofinsa. Firayim Minista Chuan ya aika da 'yan sanda zuwa ga masu zanga-zangar. Har ila yau, ma’aikatan gwamnati sun yi ta jin muryarsu, kamar gwamnan Ubon Ratchathani, Siwa Saengmani, wanda ya ce a watan Mayun 2000:

"Za mu yi aikinmu na doka amma ba zan ce ta yaya ba… Abin da ya faru ba bisa doka ba ne… Jami'ai ba za su iya zubewa ba. Tashin hankali ba zai fito daga hukuma ba sai dai daga halin masu zanga-zangar.

Kafafen yada labarai dai takobi ne mai kaifi biyu domin kuma suna nuna tashin hankali daga bangaren masu zanga-zangar. Masu zanga-zangar sun san da haka, amma suna ganin ba su da wani zabi.

Sai dai kuma a ranar 25 ga watan Yuli, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar da ta biya wasu bukatun masu zanga-zangar. An dakatar da ayyukan madatsun ruwa guda uku, za a bude madatsar ruwa ta Pak Mun watanni hudu a kowace shekara don dawo da kifin kifi, sannan a gudanar da bincike kan hakkin filaye. An yi watsi da ƙarin diyya ga mutanen da suka samu barna.

A ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, an yi taron rufe dukkan masu ruwa da tsaki a Jami’ar Thammasaat wanda aka watsa kai tsaye.

A cikin Fabrairu 2001 Thaksin Shinawatra ya karbi ragamar gwamnati. Aikinsa na farko shi ne cin abincin rana tare da masu zanga-zangar Pak Mun don nuna alakarsa da korafe-korafen talakawa. Bayan karin alkawurra daga gwamnatinsa, an kawo karshen zanga-zangar AOP. Duk da haka, sai a shekara ta 2003 ne Egat ya bude mashigin ruwan Dam na Pak Mun tsawon watanni 4 a shekara. Duk ‘yan siyasa sun kware wajen yin alkawari.

Zanga-zangar ta baya-bayan nan

A makon da ya gabata, wasu daruruwan mazauna gundumar Thepha da ke lardin Sonkhla sun yi zanga-zangar nuna adawa da shirin samar da wutar lantarki da aka yi ta hanyar amfani da kwal a wani taron majalisar ministoci a kudancin kasar. Rundunar ‘yan sandan ta dakatar da su, inda ta kama wasu mutane 16 da aka bayar da belinsu bayan kwanaki da dama, sannan ta ba da wasu karin sammacin kamo guda 20.

www.khaosodenglish.com/politics/2017/11/29/jailed-thai-coal-protesters-cant-afford-bail/

Kammalawa

Saurin haɓaka masana'antu na Thailand a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, baya ga fa'idodin tattalin arziƙin, yana da mummunar tasiri ga rayuwar mazauna karkara musamman. Da kyar aka yi la'akari da bukatunsu. Tsarin siyasa bai saurare su ba.

Zanga-zangar da aka dade a tsakiyar kasar, wani lokaci ana tashin hankali, amma ba tare da jikkata ko mace-mace ba, ya zama dole don girgiza ra'ayin jama'a da kuma jihar. Wannan ita ce kawai hanyarsu zuwa wani rangwame.

Latsa ya kasance abokiyar zama dole, amma wani lokacin ya kasa yin hakan. 'Yancin yin zanga-zanga lamari ne mai matukar muhimmanci ga jihar ta fahimta, gane da kuma aiwatar da muradun al'umma.

Babu

1 Dam din Pak Mun (lafazin pak moe:n) yana bakin kogin Mun, kilomita biyar daga kogin Mekhong a lardin Ubon Ratchathani.

Rungrawee Chalermsripinyorat, Siyasar Wakilci, Nazarin Harka na Majalisar Talakawa ta Thailand, Mahimman Nazarin Asiya, 36:4 (2004), 541-566

Bruce D. Missingham, Majalisar Talakawa a Tailandia, daga gwagwarmayar gida zuwa motsi na zanga-zangar kasa, Littattafan Silkworm, 2003

Wani labari a cikin Bangkok Post (2014) game da gwagwarmayar Sompong Wiengjun da Dam din Pak Mun: www.bangkokpost.com/print/402566/

An buga shi a baya akan TrefpuntAzie