Babban Consul-janar na ƙasar Holland mai rigima a Bangkok

Ferdinand Jacobus Domela Nieuwenhuis

Ƙarni da ta shige, yaƙin da ake kira Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya ya ƙare. A cikin gudunmawar da ta gabata na yi la'akari da - kusan - manta labarin Siam Expeditionary Force kuma na yi magana a taƙaice ga Ferdinand Jacobus Domela Nieuwenhuis, wanda ba shi ne babban jami'in jakadanci na Netherlands ba a Bangkok a lokacin yakin duniya na farko.

An haifi Ferdinand Jacobus Domela Nieuwenhuis a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 1864 a Amsterdam a matsayin ɗan fari a cikin dangin lauya da Farfesa Groningen Jacob Domela Nieuwenhuis da Elisabeth Rolandus Hagedoorn. Iyalin Domela Nieuwenhuis sun ba da rancen wanzuwarsa a cikin Ƙananan Ƙasa ga Yakubu Severin Nyehuis (1746-1818). Wannan kyaftin din 'yan kasuwan Danish ya nutse a gabar tekun Kennemerland kuma ya yanke shawarar zama a Alkmaar a matsayin dan kasuwa a 'Kayan Aikin Farauta da Wutar Wuta'.

Ya auri Bajamushe Maria Gertruda Scholl da ɗansu, farfesa na Arts da Falsafa Yakubu, zai auri Frisian Carolina Wilhelmina Domela, wanda ya bayyana sunan suna biyu… Shahararriyar zuriyarsu babu shakka Ferdinands Jacbus ɗan uwan ​​​​farko ne kuma mai suna Ferdinand (1846-1919). Wannan mai wa'azi ba kawai sanannen memba ne na Blue Knot ba, amma ya samo asali daga mai adawa da soja zuwa mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na zamantakewar al'umma da kuma freethinker. Ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kuma jiga-jigan farko na yunkurin gurguzu a cikin Netherlands

Ƙananan bayanai da za a iya samu game da ƙuruciyarmu Ferdinand Jacobs ya nuna cewa ya girma a cikin gida mai dumi. A gidan da malamai da malaman addini da hafsoshi sojoji suka yi mulki, sai ya cika masa kai, bayan ya kammala karatunsa, ya yanke shawarar yi wa kasa hidima ta hanyar neman cikakken aikin diflomasiyya. Kamar yadda al'adar matasa 'yan kungiyar Jami'an diflomasiyya Domela Nieuwenhuis ta yi aiki a wakilai daban-daban a kasashe daban-daban, na Turai da kasashen waje, don samun gogewa ta wannan hanyar. Ya zo Asiya a karon farko lokacin da aka nada shi sakatare a karamin ofishin jakadanci a Singapore ranar 4 ga Mayu, 1889. Duk da haka, da kyar ya zauna a nan na tsawon shekara guda saboda ya nema kuma ya sami canjinsa zuwa Babban Ofishin Jakadancin da ke Bangkok.

Ba da dadewa ba, an yi bikin tunawa da shekaru 400 na huldar diflomasiyya tsakanin Netherlands da Thailand, amma a hakika sun daina wanzuwa bayan da VOC ta yi fatara a 1799. Siam, wanda bai ga wata ma'ana a ware ba, ya rufe kansa a cikin 1855 a lokacin. rufe abin da ake kira Bowring Treaty tare da Ingila, ya buɗe babban hulɗa tare da Turai. Misali, a cikin 1860 Yarjejeniyar Abota, Ciniki da Kewayawa tsakanin Masarautar Netherlands da Siam ta kafa karamin ofishin jakadancin Holland a babban birnin kasar Siamese. A cikin Yuli 1881 an ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayin Babban Ofishin Jakadancin domin kotun Siamese mai bin ka'ida ta yi la'akari da shi sosai.

Yana da mahimmanci dalla-dalla cewa tun lokacin da aka kafa a 1860, Ofishin Jakadancin Holland ya wakilci bukatun Norway da biranen Hanseatic na Jamus. A ranar 3 ga Yuli, 1890, Domela Nieuwehuis ya isa Bangkok tare da matarsa ​​Clara von Rordorf da ke Switzerland-Jamus. Bayan wata guda, a ranar 5 ga Agusta daidai, an haifi ɗansu na fari Yakubu a nan. A ranar 29 ga Yuli, 1892, gidan Domela Nieuwenhuis a Bangkok ya ƙare kuma dangi sun koma Hague, inda ɗan fari ya mutu a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 1893. Ba a bayyana takamaiman lokacin da Domela Nieuwenhuis ya kare a Afirka ta Kudu ba, amma yana da tabbacin cewa jim kadan kafin barkewar yakin Boer na biyu (1899-1902) an nada shi a matsayin shugaban sashe sannan daga baya aka nada shi a Pretoria. Kamar yawancin ra'ayoyin jama'a a cikin Netherlands da Flanders, ya ji haɗin kai tare da 'dangi' Afrikaner Boeren kuma ya ci gaba da ƙiyayya ga Birtaniya.

A cikin 1903 iyalin, waɗanda yanzu suke da yara uku, sun koma Siam, a wannan lokacin tare da Ferdinand Jacobus a matsayin sabon mai kula da harkokin shari'a. Da alama ya yi aikin nasa ne bisa gamsuwar da Hague ya yi, domin bayan shekaru hudu aka nada shi karamin jakadanci na kasar Netherland ya zama babban ofishin karamin jakadanci a Bangkok. Wannan shi ne aikin diflomasiyya mafi girma da za a iya yi domin a wancan lokacin tsarin ofisoshin jakadanci da jakadun bai wanzu ba. An inganta da kuma daidaita bukatun tattalin arziki da siyasa ta hanyar majalisa, ofisoshin jakadanci da abin da ake kira.Ministoci masu cikakken iko'. Takardun da suka tsira da suka shafi zaman Domela Nieuwenhuis a Bangkok sun nuna cewa ya kasance mai hankali, ƙwazo kuma mai himma. Halayen da babu wani abu da ba daidai ba, idan ba don gaskiyar cewa, a cewar masu zamani ba, ƙwarewar zamantakewar mutumin ba ta da yawa. Duk da cewa dadewar da ya yi a Siam ya sanya shi zama mamba a kungiyar haihuwa na jami'an diflomasiyya na Yamma, a cikin wadannan shekaru ya kasa samun fahimtar juna, balle kuma tausayi, ga masu masaukin baki na Siamese. Ya yi kaurin suna a tsakanin hukumomin Siamese da sauran jami'an diflomasiyya da rashin tausayi har ma da rashin kunya. Halin da kawai ya tsananta a lokacin yakin.

Sakamakon yarjejeniyar diflomasiyya kafin yakin, karamin jakadan kasar Holland a Bangkok ya wakilci muradun al'ummomin Jamus da Austro-Hungary a kasar idan har suka samu sabani da gwamnatin Siamese. Tun daga lokacin da Siam ya shelanta yaki da Mahukuntan Tsakiyar a ranar 22 ga Yuli, 1917, an tara dukkan 'yan gudun hijira daga al'ummomin da aka ambata a baya, ciki har da mata da yara. Domela Nieuwenhuis ya fita don ya taimaka musu, kuma duk da kasancewar al'ummar da yake wakilta ba tare da tsangwama ba, bai iya yin komai ba sai dai ya soki Birtaniya a daidai lokacin da kuma a lokuta da dama da babbar murya, wadanda har yanzu ya tsane su kamar lokacin da yake zaune. a Afirka ta Kudu… Bugu da ƙari, wannan jami'in diflomasiyyar Holland wanda ya yi hulɗa da Babban Jamusanci All Jamus Association kwata-kwata babu wani sirri na al'amuransa na goyon bayan Jamus. Wataƙila Netherlands ta fice daga yaƙin kuma ta bi ƙaƙƙarfan tsaka-tsaki, amma Babban Ofishin Jakadancin Holland a Bangkok bai damu ba.

Don haka ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa wakilin Jamus Remy ya kasance game da jami'in diflomasiyya daya tilo da ke da kalmomin yabo kan hakan 'dattijo mai girma'. Masanin tarihin Leiden wanda ya kammala karatunsa Stefan Hell, cikakken iko kan tarihin Siam a farkon rabin karni na ashirin, wanda aka bayyana a cikin daidaitaccen aikinsa da aka buga a cikin 2017.  Siam da yakin duniya na - Tarihi na Duniya Ayyukan Domela kamar haka:'Wannan dinosaur na diflomasiyyar mulkin mallaka ya kasance mai tsananin kare muradun Jamus kuma mai azabtar da yarima Devawongse'.

Sarki Vajiravudh - ksl / Shutterstock.com

Yarima Devawongse shi ne ministan harkokin wajen Siamese mai tasiri kuma babban kawun sarki Vajiravudh. Domela Nieuwenhuis ba zai iya yin tsayayya da jefa bam ga yariman tare da wasiku da koke na tsawon watanni a ƙarshe. Ministan harkokin wajen kasar Siyama, wanda ya yi suna da dabara, ya kosa da yadda Domela ke yi, har ya tofa albarkacin bakinsa a cikin wata wasika zuwa ga wakilin Birtaniya Sir Herbert. An yi watsi da ayyukan Domela Nieuwenhuis a matsayin wauta yayin da Babban Jami'in Jakadancin Holland na alamar 'tsohon wawa' aka bayar. A ƙarshen shekara ta 1917, hatta sarkin Siamese ya fara jin haushin tsoma bakin Domela da matarsa, waɗanda a fili ba su bar komai ba wajen kula da muradun Jamus. A cikin Disamba 1918, ayyukan Domela har ma sun sami karɓuwa a duniya lokacin da kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters ya ba da labarin cewa gwamnatin Siamese ta shigar da ƙara a kan karamin jakadan a Hague… Ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Siamese ta musanta hakan, amma a fili take cewa Domela Nieuwenhuis shine ya ketare iyakar haƙurin Siamese…

Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis bai damu sosai da gwamnatin Holland ba kuma kamar yadda zan iya cewa ba a sanya masa takunkumi ba. Duk da haka, matsayinsa a Bangkok ya zama wanda ba zai iya tsayawa ba kuma jim kadan bayan yakin an mayar da shi cikin shiru zuwa Babban Ofishin Jakadancin a Singapore. Kuma shi ne mukaminsa na ƙarshe saboda ya yi ritaya a 1924 kuma ya zauna tare da iyalinsa a Hague, inda ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1935.

Don ƙarewa da wannan: Ferdinand Jacobus ya ma fi ƙanwarsa Jan Derk (1870-1955) wanda ya kasance minista mai gyara a Ghent a farkon yakin duniya na farko. Shi ne wanda ya jagoranci wasu ƴan ƴan Flemish waɗanda kafin ƙarshen shekara ta 1914 da sane suka zaɓi yin haɗin gwiwa da daular Jamus da fatan rusa tsarin ƙasa da cibiyoyi na ƙasar Beljiyam da samun 'yancin kai na Flemish. Alƙawari wanda ba wai kawai ya kawo shi cikin hulɗa da manyan da'irori na Jamus ba, amma kuma ya ba shi hukuncin kisa a cikin rashi bayan yaƙin…

Lung Jan