Nidhi Eoseewong uye maonero matsva enhoroondo yeThai

Mufananidzo: Wikipedia

Nyamavhuvhu 7 apfuura, Nidhi Eoseewong akafa nekenza yemapapu aine makore makumi masere nematatu. Anozivikanwa semumwe wevanyori venhoroondo dzeThailand uye aivewo mutsigiri wezvematongerwo enyika akakosha uye anoremekedzwa.

Mumakore ekuma1970 nema1980 akaunza nzwisiso itsva uye tsananguro pamusoro penhoroondo yeThai, apo kare nhoroondo yeThai yaingove yakangoita nezvezvakanaka zvemadzimambo eSiamese neThai uye zvishoma pamusoro pezvaiitika munharaunda.

Hupenyu hupfupi nhoroondo yaNidhi Eoseewong

Nidhi Eoseewong (นิธิ เอียวศรีวงศ์, Ní-thié Iejaw-sǐe-wong) akaberekwa muna Chivabvu 23, 1940 muBangkok mumhuri yeThai-Chinese. Zita rake rekupedzisira rinoratidza midzi yake yeChinese uye zita rake rekutanga rinoreva 'pfuma, merit'. Akapedza kudzidza mumabhuku uye nhoroondo kubva kuChulalongkorn University muBangkok. Muna 1966 akava mudzidzisi wenhoroondo paChiang Mai University yakanga ichangotangwa. Mushure mekufa kwake, akapa mutumbi wake kuyunivhesiti iyi kuitira tsvakiridzo yesainzi.

Munguva 1971-1975 Nidhi akadzidzira thesis yake yechiremba kuYunivhesiti yeMichigan. Thesis yake yaive yengano dzengano senhoroondo mupre-war (1920-1942) Indonesia. Nokuda kweizvi akadzidzawo Dutch neBahasa Indonesia.

Kubatsira kwaNidhi kunhau dzeThai dzenhoroondo uye dzemagariro

Mupiro wake wakakwana zvekuti ndinogona kungotsanangura chikamu chayo. Basa rake raiwanzobvunzwa nevezvematongerwo enyika vakanyanya (vakatsigirwa neThai), asi vakagamuchira kurumbidzwa kukuru kubva kune vamwe vanotungamira vezvematongerwo enyika uye masayendisiti. Chris Baker, somuenzaniso, akamurumbidza nokuda kwekuona kwake mberi uye kuunza chinjo dzakakomba pakunyorwa kwenhau yeThailand.

Rega nditange nekucherechedza kuti Nidhi pakutanga aive nemafungiro asina kugovaniswa ekuti masayendisiti haafanire kuzvivharira mushongwe yenyanga dzenzou asi anofanirwa kutora chikamu mugakava reruzhinji. Uye akaita saizvozvo noushingi kusvikira ava pedyo nokufa. Semuenzaniso, akaratidzira pamwe chete nevaratidziri mukutanga kwa2020 vachipokana nehurumende yeGeneral Prime Minister Prayuth.

Mipiro yake yakakosha kunhoroondo yeSiam / Thailand ikapetwa kaviri. Akanyanya kufuratira uye akaramba basa remadzimambo mukusimudzira nzanga yeSiamese. Akatarisa mafambiro enhoroondo zvakanyanya mukusimukira kwemagariro nehupfumi hwenyika. Izvi zvakamupa kushoropodzwa muhupenyu hwake hwese, kunyanya kubva kuvatsigiri vaPrince Damrong Rachanuphap. Prince Damrong aive hafu-mukoma waMambo Chulalongkorn, uye anonziwo 'Baba veThai Nhoroondo'. Kuna Prince Damrong, basa remadzimambo raive rakakosha uye rakaumba huwandu hwekunyora kwake. Maonero aya, ane nhoroondo yaanotarisisa pamusoro pebasa remadzimambo, achiri mamwe ega maonero enhoroondo sezvakatsanangurwa mumabhuku echikoro eThai. Zviitiko zvakashata uye zvematsotsi zvinofuratirwa: semuenzaniso, kuti Mambo Ananda akafa sei muna 1946 haana kutaurwa, kana kuurayiwa kwevadzidzi paThammasat University musi waGumiguru 6, 1976.

Nidhi akarambawo kuti Madokero akaita basa guru mukusimudzira nzanga yeSiamese kusvika kune yakavhurika, yeruzhinji uye yega system. Tsananguro dzekutanga dzebudiriro iyi dzinowanzo nongedzera kuBowring Treaty ye1855, umo Siam pasi paMambo Mongkut yakavhurwa kumadokero. Nidhi akatsanangura maonero ake akasiyana enhoroondo kuburikidza nezvinyorwa zvakawanda mubhuku rake 'Pen & Sail'. Achishandisa zvinyorwa uye kusimukira kwehupfumi, Nidhi anoratidza kuti nzanga yeSiamese yakaunza sei shanduko idzi, chizvarwa, shanduko yega, kubva 1782 kusvika 1855 (yekutanga Bangkok kana Rattanakosin nguva). Nidhi inoratidza kuti kutengeserana uye indasitiri zvakamuka sei uye zvakagadziridzwa panguva ino, zvichikurudzirwa nekuwanda kwevanobva kuChina. Zvisineyi zvichiri zvishoma, masangano everuzhinji ari kusimukira munzvimbo yemudhorobha, kunyangwe zvakadaro zvakanyanya kuvharirwa kubva kune ekare zvimiro zvemambo, vanokudzwa uye vagari vekumaruwa.

Zvemagariro evanhu

Ini ndinofunga Nidhi anozivikanwa zvakanyanya uye anoyemurwa nebasa rake rinoshanda mukupokana kwevanhu. Akaburitsa zvinyorwa zvakawanda pamusoro peizvi, kutanga muna 1966 muProgressive Social Science Ongororo, yakatangwa naSulak Sivaraksa. Akazonyorera mamwe magazini, kunyanya kukambani inodhinda yepamhepo Midnight University. Zvakadaro, izvi zvakavharwa muna 2006 nehurumende yejunta panguva iyoyo, mushure mehurukuro yakaoma pamusoro pebumbiro rakagadzirwa nejunta iri.

Iyi ingori pfupiso pfupi yehupenyu hwaNidhi nebasa. Ndinovimba izvi zvakaratidza kumwe kuzvipira kwaNidhi munharaunda, hunhu, chiono chinofambira mberi uye pesvedzero yemagariro. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda, ndinokuendesa kune masosi ataurwa pazasi.

Kutenda kuna Rob V. nekuvandudzwa uye kuwedzera. Akandiratidzawo kuti ini kare (muna 2018) ndakanyora chinyorwa nezvaNidhi Eoseewong chandakanga ndakanganwa zvachose: Nidhi Eeoseewong, munyori wenhoroondo ane chiono chitsva panhoroondo yeThai | Thailand blog

Zvishandiso uye nezvimwe:

Zvinyorwa zvake zvakakosha, zvakaunganidzwa uye zvakashandurirwa muChirungu mubhuku rino:

- 'Peni & Sail: Zvinyorwa uye Nhoroondo mukutanga kweBangkok', Silkworm Books, 2005

• Pfupiso yakanaka yehupenyu hwake nebasa, neThai PBS: https://www.thaipbsworld.com/prof-nidhi-eoseewong-historian-who-blazed-new-trails-through-thailands-past-and-present/
• Mhedziso yakaburitswa paKhaosod English: https://www.khaosodenglish.com/featured/2023/08/08/the-clock-reminds-us-in-memory-of-nidhi-eoseewong-who-passed-away-at-83
• Mafungiro chidimbu naNidhi kubva 2015 nezve rudo uye udzvinyiriri: https://prachataienglish.com/node/5303
• A 2016 maonero chidimbu naNidhi muBangkok Post, umo anomiririra vakasungwa vanorwira uye varatidziri: https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1063684/thailand-cant-afford-to-silence-activists-like-phai
• Mafungiro kubva kwaari kubva muna 2020 nezvemhirizhonga kubva kuhurumende kunyanya mumamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika eThai: https://prachataienglish.com/node/8823

Ini handidi kunyima quote kubva kune yekupedzisira:

'…..Handidi zvemhirizhonga zvachose. Asi isu hatifanirwe kukanganwa kuti vese vatongi uye vanotongwa muThailand vanokunda mukushandiswa kwechisimba. Unorangarira zviitiko zveKrue Se neTak Bai, [zviitiko zvechisimba kumaodzanyemba kwakadzika kweThailand uko vanhuwo zvavo nevanofungidzirwa kuti vapanduki vakabatwa noutsinye kana kuurayiwa], handiti? Panguva imwe chete, funga nezvenhamba huru yevanhu vakasungwa uye vakapfigirwa mujeri kwemakore vachipomerwa mhosva yekutyora Zvinyorwa 112 ne116, kuvesa moto uye kutyisidzira kuchengetedzwa kwenyika, pamwe neavo vakatizira kune dzimwe nyika uye vakateverwa nekupondwa . Uye izvi pasina kutarisa nezvemhirizhonga yezvimiro, sekuomerwa uko vanhu vazhinji vanotarisana nezvinetso zvehupfumi, vanosiiwa uye vasingaone nzira yekubuda nayo. Muchirevo chechinyorwa ichi, hapana chakakosha pamusoro pekuti zvese izvi zvinogona kupera nemhirizhonga...'