Barika rakanga rakajairika muThailand kumatare edzimhosva uye mabhunu

Tino Kuis akapa wongororo yakanaka yebhuku re'Mukadzi, Murume, Bangkok. Rudo, Bonde uye Tsika Dzakakurumbira muThailand naScot Barmé Akaverenga bhuku iri nemweya mumwe sekunge rainakidza rezvematongerwo enyika uye akavimbisa zvimwe. Pano zvakare mupiro unobva mubhuku raBarmé. Nezve barika kana kuti barika.

Mubvunzo webarika muThailand, 1915-1935

Izvi ndizvo zvinotaurwa naPraphai kuna amai vake apo anoti haadi kuti vana varerukire kurambana nemurume wavo uyo waasingachanyatsoda. Kubva: MR Kukrit Pramoj, The Four Reigns, p. 519. Izvi zvinoitika mumakore ari pakati pa1935 na1940.

'Pane nguva apo manzwiro evakadzi aisaonekwa seakakosha, kunyangwe nevakadzi vacho pachavo. Kazhinji kacho, vaionekwa sevari kuvarume vavo kwete sevanhu vanoda kurarama upenyu hwavo. Hazvichadaro amai. Ndine hupenyu humwe chete uye handisi kuzohupambadza muwanano isina mufaro. Ndiri kuenda kune mufaro amai'.

Barika

Kusvikira makore ekutanga ezana remakore rechimakumi maviri barika yakachengeterwa royalist-aristocratic elite uye yaiwanzogamuchirwa. Vepakati vari kusimukira vakabva vatanga kufunga kuti voita sei nazvo: kutora chikamu ivo pachavo? kana kuramba?

Mipimo miviri pamusoro pevatano yakanga yakakurumbira uye yakadzika midzi panguva iyoyo. Semuenzaniso, kurasikirwa kwehumhandara muvakadzi kwainzi “sia tua” (zvinoreva chaizvo 'muviri wakaora). Iwe uchiri kunzwa kuti dzimwe nguva, kazhinji "sia sǎaw" (yakaparadzwa humhandara) asi nhasi kazhinji "sia borisoet" (kurasikirwa kwehumhandara). Kurasika kwehumhandara hwaive chinhu chaifanirwa kukudzwa nekupembererwa. Kwaive kudzidza kwete nguva yekurasika.

Sipo dzisingaverengeki, nyaya, manovhero nemafirimu achiri kutarisisa chiitiko chemia lǔang mia nói (mukadzi mudiki mudzimai) Kunenge kushushikana munharaunda yeThai. Zvisinei, kurukurirano pamusoro peizvi yakatotanga pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri uye yakapfuurira kusvika kumakumi maviri. Aiva nemaonero akasiyana. Mapepanhau mashoma enguva pfupi yevakadzi akaona barika mumamiriro ezvinhu ekurwira kodzero dzakaenzana dzevakadzi. Vamwe vaida kuona Thailand yakabudirira zvikuru mumaziso okuMadokero, uko kuva nomudzimai mumwe kwakanga kuri nheyo yepamutemo.

Barika raiwanzoonekwa richipesana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekusiyana kukuru kwemapoka: yaive ropafadzo yevakuru uye gare gare zvakare yevapfumi muboka repakati raisimuka. Barika raizokanganisawo mhuri semusimboti werudzi. Uye pakupedzisira, vazhinji vakaratidza kuti barika rakakonzera chipfambi uye kuwedzera kukuru kwechirwere chevenereal.

Mitemo

Pakanga pari panguva iyi apo maSiamese nenyanzvi dzezvemitemo dzekuMadokero vainyora bumbiro idzva reCivil Code kutsiva mitemo yekare yewanano. Mitemo iyoyo yekare yainyanya kushanda kune vepamusoro, vanhuwo zvavo vaisava nehanya nayo uye vaiva netsika dzavo, kazhinji kuva nomudzimai mumwe chete uye zviri nyore kurambana uye kuroorazve.

Muna 1913, Muchinda Svasti Sobhon (mukoma waMambo Chulalongkorn achangofa) akatenderedza memorandamu umo akatsoropodza kusaenzana kuripo pakati pevarume nevakadzi pamberi pemutemo wewanano uye aida kusanganisa murume mumwe chete mumutemo. Akaita izvi kwete nekuti aitenda mukuenzana kwevarume nevakadzi maererano nenzvimbo yavo yemagariro uye zvepabonde, asi nekuti aida kupokana nekushoropodzwa kwevatorwa pabarika.

Mambo Vajirawuth (Rama VI) aive munyori anofarira uye akapindura kune iyi memorandamu. (‘Ini pachangu handina basa nenhau iyi,’ akanyora kudaro. Nenzira ine mufungo, nemhaka yokuti akanga asina kuroora uye aida kuzvipoteredza amene namajaya).

Vajirawuth aitenda kuti barika rakanga rakadzika midzi munharaunda yeThai uye kuti 'tsika dzekuMadokero' hadzina chekuita nazvo. Akabvuma kuti ‘vakadzi vaduku’ vakawanda vakanga vasingafari zvikuru uye vaiwanzosiyiwa nevarume vavo. Vakakurudzira kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo kwevakadzi vese, vakuru nevadiki. Izvozvo hazvina kuitika.

Iyi nhaurirano zvakare yakaenderera mberi pasi paMambo Prajadhipok (Rama VII), asi kuramba kuchinja kwakasara. Mushure mekuti humambo hwakakwana hwashandurwa kuita bumbiro remitemo muna 1932 ndipo paizopasisa paramende mutemo waiti kuroora mumwe chete ndiyo chete sarudzo yepamutemo yewanano.

Nharo yeruzhinji

Muna 1923, Thong Chua akanyora chinyorwa mumagazini Kammakorn ('Mushandi'). Vakashora barika vachiti itsika inoparadza rudo, rukudzo nekubatana. Mhuri, uye mukumuka kwayo rudzi rwaizotambura zvikuru. Akanyora kuti: ‘Murume wokuSiam haazobvumiri mumwe murume kubata mudzimai wake. Asi vakadzi vane manzwirowo, uye vanofunga zvakafanana.'

Thong akatsanangurawo barika mumakirasi. Varume vakapfuma nezvinzvimbo ndivo vaiva vatadzi vakaipisisa nokuti ‘vaibata vakadzi vavo zvisina kunaka uye vainyadzisa sokunge kuti vaiva varanda’.

Kukurukurirana kwakafanana kwakaitika mumagazini yevakadzi Satri Thai (Thai Ladies) muna 1926, apo barika rakarondedzerwawo mune zvematongerwe enyika. Satri Thai, iyo isina kugara kwenguva refu, yakaburitsa aya makatuni nezvazvo:

Murume ari pakati ndi phôe: jài, munyoro. Pamusoro pechinyorwa chinoti 'murume wechiratidzo 'moyo miviri' (sǒng chai). Caption 'Chenjerai varume vasina serious nekuzvipira'.

Mumagazini echikadzi Satri Sap ('Kukosha Kwevakadzi') Anrachun akanyora zvinyorwa zviviri zvine meseji yakafanana muna 1922. Akaonawo chinzvimbo chepasi chevakadzi kunyanya mune zvematongerwo enyika nemagariro evanhurume. Aidana varume 'vakakora-ganda uye vasingadi chero shanduko'.

Maonero evarume pabarika

Nenzira isingashamisi, maonero evarume pabarika akasiyana zvikuru. 'Krasai' akanyora muSayam Rat yemazuva ese, iyo ichiripo, kuti hukama hwemitemo kumuchato hwakanga husina basa. Kwakanga kuri kukuru pamusoro pokuti vakwanyina veroorano vaiwirirana here paunhu nedzidzo.

'Cupid' aive nemafungiro akafanana. Kuchinja mutemo hakuna zvakunovandudza. Akanokora mashoko mumwe mukadzi anokudzwa, kuti: 'Handina chinetso chokuti murume wangu ave navamwe vakadzi chero bedzi achigovera zvandinoda. Kana zvisina kudaro, handibvumidze mumwe mukadzi kuti apinde. '

Mambo Keaw' vakafunga kuti zvakanaka zvebarika zvaikunda zvakaipa. Akataura nezvekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweThai kurwisa kusimba kuri kuwedzera kwevanobva kuChina semuenzaniso.

Mufananidzo uyu unozvitaurira. Vakadzi, kunyanya 'vakadzi vadiki', kazhinji vaingosiiwa.

Mumwe munyori, 'Theri', akaziva kunyanyisa kunowanzokonzera barika. “Mamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya kuipa kana zvasvika kuvarume vakapfuma vasina tsitsi vane mikana yakawanda yekubata vakadzi vavo sekutamba,” akanyora kudaro. Akakurudzira kuchinja mitemo kuitira kuti vakadzi vari mumhuri ine barika vawanewo chengeteko nedziviriro zviri pamutemo.

Pakupedzisira, ndinoda kutaura nyaya pfupi na 'Kulaap Khao' (White Rose) ine musoro unoti '.Mia Noi' (mudzimai muduku). Munyori wechirume anotaura, kubva pamaonero echikadzi, nezvemhuri iyo murume anotora mukadzi wechipiri anonzi Wipha.

Nenguva isipi mudzimai wekutanga anotanga kuvenga uye kudheerera mia noi, chimwe chinhu icho murume anofara asingazivi zvachose. Kana Wipha aita pamuviri, kutukwa kwemukadzi wekutanga asina mwana kunowedzera zvekuti Wipha anotiza imba. Muchiitiko chekupedzisira (melo) chinoshamisa, murume wake anoshanyira Wipha ari kurwara zvakanyanya kuti amukumbire kuti adzokere kumba.

Wipha anopindura achiti, “Rudo rwako handichadi. Nyika yose inondisiririsa, kunze kwenyu.' “Asi uri mudzimai wangu,” anoteterera kudaro. "Ini handisi mudzimai wemunhu," Wipha anopindura, "Ini zvino ndakasununguka mumuviri nepfungwa, uye kunze, iwe unotova nemukadzi." Pashure pacho anofa.

Barika, chipfambi uye venereal chirwere

Mune pre-yazvino Siam, barika raichengeterwa murume uye royalist elite. Asi kukura kweboka repakati kubva muna 1900 zvichienda mberi kwakaita kuti kubvirire varume vakawanda kutora mudzimai. Varume nevakadzi vakapiwa rusununguko rwakawanda rwokusangana, zvakadai sekuwedzera kwekupinda mubhaisikopo.

Asi zvakatonyanya kuitika kuti vakadzi 'vakaraswa' uye vaigona kuzozviriritira kuburikidza nechipfambi. Zvirwere zveVenereal, kunyangwe zvakatotaurwa muAyutthaya, zvinonzi zvinowedzera zvakanyanya munguva dzino dzinochinja nedzimwe ongororo dzinoratidza kuti 60-89 muzana yevarume vane makore anopfuura 19 uye 90 muzana yevanoita zvepabonde vane chirwere chevenereal. Izvi zvisinei nekuti kondomu reGerman, rainzi 'Never Rip', raigara richishambadzwa mumagazini yeSiam Cinema. (Unomboona here zvishambadzo zvemakondomu mumapepanhau, mumamagazini kana paTV? Mubvunzo wekutaura).

Mufananidzo wekatuni unobva kumagazini yevakadzi inonzi Satri Thai (Thai Ladies) inoenzanisira iyi chinjo yokumanikidzirwa kuupfambi.

Murume anotya anopopotera mudzimai wake ari kutya zvikuru kuti, "Ko sei musingandiitiri mari?" (Zvinonzwika zvakanyanya muThai). Pazasi pacho panoti: 'Tarisa uyo ane ushingi pipi wemurume!'

Mhedziso

Zvese zviri zviviri mugakava iri pamusoro pekodzero dzevakadzi, idzo dzaiwanzoonekwa mumakirasi, uye mukukakavadzana pamusoro pemaropafadzo ezvematongerwo enyika evakuru vehumambo, tinoona kuparara kwetsika dzechinyakare dzehutongi hwaizotungamira kuchimurenga cha1932 umo umambo hwehumambo. humambo hwakakwana hwakachinjwa kuva hunoenderana nebumbiro remitemo.

Matambudziko eupfumi eKuderera Kukuru Kweupfumi akaitawo basa. Muna 1934, paramende yakasarudzwa iyo yakapawo vakadzi kodzero yekuvhota, makore anoda kusvika makumi matatu apfuura kupfuura vakadzi veSwitzerland. Paramende iyoyo yakadzika mutemo unotsanangura kuti murume mumwe chete ndiyo chete nzira yepamutemo yeroorano.

Vehumambo vakarasikirwa neropafadzo dzavo, dzavaizowanazve, kunyanya mushure me1957 pasi pemudzvanyiriri Sarit Thanarat.

Kwakabva: Scot Barmé, Mukadzi, Murume, Bangkok, Rudo, Bonde, uye Yakakurumbira Tsika muThailand, Silkworm Books, 2002