Mukati meBangkok (2): Chao Phraya, rwizi rwenhoroondo uye kukosha kwehupfumi

Bangkok uye yakakura 375 km kureba chao phraya rwizi, dzakabatana zvisingaite. Rwizi runopatsanura Bangkok kuita zvikamu zviviri uye inonziwo hupenyu hweguta. Iyo Chao Phraya nekudaro inozivikanwa se "Rwizi rweMadzimambo". Yakapfuma munhoroondo netsika, rwizi urwu rune kuyerera kunoshamisa uye basa rakakosha rehupfumi, kunyangwe richizivikanwa nemafashama.

Izvo vazhinji vasingazivi ndezvokuti zita rekutanga re de chao phraya pamepu dzekare, iyo Menam kana Mae Nam iri (Thai: แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา), Mae nam Chao Phraya. Chero zvazvingava, ndirwo rwizi rukuru uye rwakakosha muThailand. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti mumamiriro emazuva ano eThai, izwi rekuti "mae nam" rinowanzo shandiswa kureva chero rwizi, nepo "Chao Phraya" ichireva chaizvo rwizi urwu.

Chaungave usingazive ndechekuti zita rekuti "Chao Phraya" izita rehumambo muThai hierarchy, rakafanana nemukuru weWestern. Rwizi urwu runenge rwakadaidzwa nekuda kwekukosha kwarwo uye chimiro.

Mamepu ekare anogona kuratidza mazita akasiyana erwizi zvichienderana nenguva yaakagadzirwa uye mutauro uye maonero emusiki.

nhoroondo

Iyo Chao Phraya ine nhoroondo refu iyo inogona kuteverwa kumashure kwekutanga budiriro yeThailand. Rwizi urwu runoorora rwakaita basa rinokosha mubudiriro yenyika kubvira ipapo. Yakanga iri nzira yakakosha yekufambisa yezvinhu nevanhu mumazuva eSiam yekare, uye yakateya nheyo dzekugadzwa kwehumambo hwakawanda hune simba mumahombekombe ayo, seAyutthaya ne. Bangkok.

Nzvimbo uye kuyerera

Iyo Chao Phraya inoyerera nepakati peThailand, kutanga kuchamhembe, mudunhu Nakhon Sawan, uko nzizi dzePing neNan dzinosangana kuti dziumbe Chao Phraya. Rwizi rwunobva rwayerera kumaodzanyemba, ruchigura nepakati pebani reThailand, rwopfuura nemuBangkok, uye pakupedzisira runopinda mugungwa. Gulf yeThailand. Nehurefu hunosvika 375 km, rwizi runoita basa rakakosha mukufambisa, kurima uye indasitiri.

Iyo Chao Phraya muBangkok

De chao phrayarwizi runoyerera nepakati peBangkok. Kubva kuchamhembe, rwizi runopinda mudunhu reBangkok mudunhu Kutya Sue. Kubva ipapo inoyerera ichienda kumaodzanyemba ichipfuura nepakati nepakati nekumadokero kweguta. Rwizi urwu runopfuura nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakakurumbira muBangkok, kusanganisira Royal Palace, Wat arun (Temberi yeDawn), uye Wat Pho.

Rwizi rwunoyerera nemuguta, ruchigadzira kupatsanurwa kwechisikigo pakati penzvimbo dzekumabvazuva nedzekumadokero kweBangkok. Chikamu chekumabvazuva, chinozivikanwa sebhangi chairo kana Phra Nakhon, ndipo panowanikwa nzvimbo zhinji dzeguta uye dzevashanyi, nepo nzvimbo yekumadokero, inozivikanwa seThonburi, inogara vanhu. Maodzanyemba kweguta, rwizi runopatsanuka kuita mapazi maviri makuru, yekumabvazuva Khlong Bangkok Yai uye kumadokero Khlong Bangkok Noi, iyo inobatana zvakare isati yadurura muGulf yeThailand.

Basa rehupfumi

Basa rehupfumi re chao phraya inokosha. Inoshanda senzira yakakosha yemvura yekutakura zvinhu uye vanhu, zvakanyanya kuderedza mari yekufambisa kwenyika. Mabhanga akaorera erwizi anotsigira indasitiri yezvekurima iri kubudirira, kunyanya kurima mupunga, zvichiita kuti Thailand ive imwe yevatengesi vakurusa vepasi rese.

Yakabatsira mukusimudzira indasitiri yezvekushanya

Iine nzvimbo dzakawanda dzenhoroondo uye dzetsika mumahombekombe ayo, kusanganisira Grand Palace, Wat Arun, uye mamwe akawanda matemberi muBangkok. Hezvino zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kukwezva:

• The Grand Palace: Ichi chivakwa chezvivakwa chakashanda senzvimbo yepamutemo yemadzimambo eSiam (yava kunzi Thailand) kubva muna 1782. Iko zvino yave kuvhurika kune veruzhinji uye zvakare inogara Temberi yeEmerald Buddha (Wat Phra Kaew).
• Wat arun: Iyo inozivikanwawo seTembere yeMambakwedza, iyi temberi inokatyamadza ine masipiyamu anoyevedza ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa muBangkok. Inopa maonero akanaka erwizi neguta, kunyanya pakubuda kwezuva uye pakuvira kwezuva.
• Wat pho: Temberi iyi, yakakurumbira kune yakagara Buddha iyo yakareba 46 metres uye 15 metres kureba, iri padyo nerwizi uye Grand Palace.
• Asiatique Rwizi rwemberi: Iyi ihombe yakavhurika yerwizi mall ine mazana ezvitoro, maresitorendi, uye hombe Ferris vhiri, ese ari kumahombekombe eChao Phraya.
• River City Shopping Complex: Iyi mall iri parwizi ndiyo hubhu yehunyanzvi uye zvekare muBangkok. Iyo ine zvakare imba yekutengesera, nzvimbo yekuratidzira, maresitorendi nezvimwe.
• Bangkok River Cruise: Kune makambani mazhinji anopa rwendo rwekudya kwemanheru padyo neRwizi rweChao Phraya. Idzi nzendo dzechikepe dzinopa vashanyi mukana wakasarudzika wekuona matembere akavhenekerwa uye mamwe maratidziro ari pedyo nerwizi husiku, vachinakidzwa nekudya.

Yakasiiwa Sunlakasathan Building kana Old Customs House iri kumabvazuva kweRwizi Chao Phraya.

Chokwadi nezveRwizi rwaMadzimambo

Heano mamwe echokwadi uye manhamba nezve rwizi:

• Mabhiriji pamusoro peChao Phraya: Kunyange zvazvo rwizi ruchiita basa rakatanhamara uye rinooneka munzvimbo yeBangkok, nhamba yemabhiriji anotenderera rwizi muguta idiki. Semuenzaniso, kune mabhiriji makumi maviri nemanomwe chete mhiri kweChao Phraya mukati meBangkok.
• Royal Barges Procession: Chimwe chezviitiko zvinokatyamadza paChao Phraya iRoyal Barges Procession, mhemberero dzechinyakare dzinodzokera kunguva yeAyutthaya (14th-18th century). Zvisinei, iyi mhemberero isingawanzoitiki, umo mabhoti ehumambo akawanda akashongedzwa zvakaisvonaka anofamba achidzika nerwizi, anongoitwa pazviitiko zvakakosha.
• Kupesvedzera paThai cuisine: Kuwanda kwemvura muChao Phraya kwakave nesimba guru pakudya kweThai, kunyanya mumhando yerwizi nehove dzemvura yakachena uye shrimp. Rwizi urwu ndirwowo tsime remvura yeminda yemupunga mubani repakati peThailand, "ndiro yemupunga" yenyika.
• "Venice yekuMabvazuva": Kare, Bangkok yakanga izere nemigero (inozivikanwa muchiThai se "klongs") uye yaiwanzonzi "Venice yekuMabvazuva". Mazhinji emigero iyi kubva ipapo akacherwa uye akashandurwa kuita migwagwa, asi kuchine dzimwe nzvimbo dzekare dze "khlong" muguta umo hupenyu huchiri kutenderera munzira yemvura.
• Iyo Chao Phraya Rwizi uye Literature: Rwizi chinhu chinokosha muzvinyorwa zvakawanda zvechiThai uye nhetembo. Inowanzofananidzira hupenyu, kuenderera mberi uye kuchinja. Mumwe muenzaniso idetembo "Pamahombekombe eChao Phraya" nemunyori ane mukurumbira wekuThai Sunthorn Phu.

Mafashamo

Kunyangwe mabhenefiti mazhinji anopihwa neChao Phraya, rwizi urwu rwunozivikanwawo nemafashama, kunyanya munguva yekunaya kwemvura. Mafashamu aya anogara achikanganisa nharaunda dziri pedyo nerwizi nehupfumi hwenyika. Kunyange kuedza kwakaitwa kugadzirisa mafashamu aya, zvinoramba zvichinetsa kuThailand.

Population

Huwandu hwevanhu vari pedyo neChao Phraya hwakasiyana uye hunosanganisira nharaunda dzemumaguta nemaruwa. Vanhu ava vanovimba zvakanyanya nerwizi urwu mukurarama kwavo, zvikuru pakuredza hove, kurima nekufambisa. Kuzivikanwa kwetsika dzenharaunda idzi kwakabatana zvakanyanya nerwizi, iyo inoratidzwa mumararamiro avo echinyakare uye mabiko, akadai semutambo wepagore weLoi Krathong, uko madiki madiki akazadzwa nemakenduru nezvinonhuwira anoburitswa murwizi.

Iyo Chao Phraya inopfuura nzira yemvura; chiratidzo cheThai tsika nenhoroondo, nzira yehupenyu yehupfumi uye musha kune zvisingaverengeki nharaunda. Kunyangwe achitarisana nematambudziko akadai semafashama, iyo Chao Phraya inoramba iri chikamu chakakosha cheThai mamiriro uye hupenyu.

Ongorora kana kufamba nechikepe rwizi Chao Phraya

Kana iwe uchida kuyemura Rwizi rweChao Phraya padhuze, unogona zvechokwadi. Feri uye matekisi emvura chikamu chakakosha cheBangkok's public transportation system, ichipa yakasarudzika uye inoyevedza nzira yekutenderera neguta. Rwizi rweChao Phraya uye network yaro yematanho anozivikanwa se '.klongs', ihwo hupenyu hwegadziriro ino. Kune akati wandei marudzi emasevhisi ezvikepe paRwizi Chao Phraya:

1. Chao Phraya Express Boat: Iri ibasa rezvikepe rakakurumbira rinotakura vanhu pakati penzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dziri pedyo nerwizi, kubva kuchamhembe kweBangkok kusvika kunzvimbo yepakati paSathorn, pedyo neSaphan Taksin BTS Skytrain station. Zvikepe zvinomira panzvimbo dzinopfuura makumi matatu, dziri padyo nenzvimbo huru dzevashanyi, nzvimbo dzebhizinesi nemisika.
2. Mabhoti evashanyi: Pamusoro peiyo yenguva dzose feri sevhisi, kune zvakare mabhoti evashanyi anonangidzirwa kune vashanyi. Aya mabhoti anomira pakusarudzwa kwema pier padhuze nezvinokwezva zvikuru seRoyal Palace, Wat Arun uye Wat Pho.
3. Kuyambuka zvikepe: Aya magwa madiki anoyambuka kubva kune rimwe mahombekombe erwizi kuenda kune rimwe. Zvinonyanya kubatsira munzvimbo dzine mabhiriji mashoma.

Matekisi emvura, anozivikanwawo se "longtail mabhoti", anopa mamwe ega uye akananga kufamba pamwe neChao Phraya uye klongs yeBangkok. Vanogona kuhaiwa nzendo dzemunhu mumwe nemumwe uye kazhinji vanogona kukurumidza kupfuura zvikepe zvakakura, kunyanya panguva dzepamusoro.

Kunyangwe iwe ukasarudza yakajairika chikepe sevhisi, chikepe chevashanyi kana tekisi yemvura, kufamba paRwizi Chao Phraya kunopa yakasarudzika maonero ehupenyu muBangkok. Mukana wekuona zviratidziro zveguta uye zvemazuva ano, pamwe nekuona hupenyu hwemazuva ese pedyo nerwizi, kubva kumisika nematemberi akayangarara kusvika kudzimba dzechinyakare nedzechizvino-zvino dzinoshongedza mahombekombe erwizi.

Source

Rwizi rweChao Phraya rune nhoroondo yakapfuma uye inoita basa rakakosha muhupfumi hweThailand netsika. Heano zvimwe zvinobatsira zvekuwedzera ruzivo nezve rwizi:

Mabhuku:

• "Bangkok: A Cultural and Literary History" naMaryvelma Smith O'Neil. Iri bhuku rinopa nzwisiso yakadzama munhoroondo uye tsika yeBangkok uye basa reChao Phraya Rwizi mairi.
• "The Chao Phya: River in Transition" naSteve Van Beek ibhuku rine mifananidzo yakanaka rinotaura nyaya yerwizi nevanhu vanovimba narwo.
• William Warren naR. Ian Lloyd Bangkok Waterways R. Ian Lloyd Productions (1989) ISBN 981-00-1011-7

Zvinyorwa zvesainzi:

• "Kubudirira Kwenhoroondo uye Yazvino Situation yeChao Phraya Delta" naDr. Sucharit Koontanakulvong et al., yakabudiswa mujenari 'Hydrological Processes'. Ichi chinyorwa chinopa ongororo yakadzama ye geographical uye hydrological evolution yeChao Phraya River delta.
• "Kuona njodzi yemafashamo muChao Phraya River Basin, Thailand" yakabudiswa mu International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. Ichi chinyorwa chinokurukura nezve njodzi yemafashamo muChao Phraya River Basin uye maonero ayo pakati pevagari vemo.

Online Resources:

• De Thailand's official tourism webhusaiti inopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezve Chao Phraya uye zvinokwezva zvevashanyi parwizi.
• Bhidhiyo renyika: Bhanga repasi rose rakapa mari mapurojekiti akati wandei ane chekuita neChao Phraya, kusanganisira kuedza kugadzirisa njodzi yemafashama. Kutsvaga "Chao Phraya" pawebhusaiti yavo kunopa ruzivo rwakawanda runonakidza.