Muparidzi weFrisian uye Buddha
Joost Halbertsma
Vangori pasi pemakumi mapfumbamwe neshanu muzana evagari veThai vaBuddha pamwero mukuru kana muduku. Buddhism ndiyo chitendero / uzivi hwanga huchiwana mukurumbira nekukurumidza muNetherlands mumakore achangopfuura. Maonero maviri aita kuti nditore kanguva nhasi kuti nditarise mufananidzo unonakidza wemuparidzi weMennonite Joost Hiddes Halbertsma, uyo akaburitsa chinyorwa chekutanga chechiDutch nezveBuddhism muna 1843.
Ichi chinyorwa chechinyorwa Buddhism uye muvambi wayo yakatangwa muna 1843 Shakya Sinha rakabudiswa mu Overijssel Almanac yeAntiquity uye Literature. Muna Kukadzi wegore rimwe chetero, rugwaro rwakatenderedzwawo kubva kumichina yekutsikirira paJ. De Lange muDeventer muchimiro cheshoma shoma yakavanzika edition yemakopi makumi mashanu, iyo yakasainwa nemunyori uye yakagoverwa pakati peshamwari nehukama. Rugwaro urwu rwakaburitswa muna 2019 pakutanga kweDutch Buddhist Archives, ine zita. Muparidzi naBuddha, inopiwa netsananguro inodiwa uye kufunga, yakatsikiswazve naNoordboek. Ichi chinyorwa, chandakaverenga kamwe chete, chakapepetwa nenyanzvi Alpita De Jong, Barend J. Ter Haar naTjalling H.F. Halbertsma. Wekupedzisira ndiye, nenzira, muzukuru waJoost Halbertsma mukoma waTjalling. Izvi zvakateverwa naAsoka muna Chivabvu 2020 Iyo Pompebled & iyo lotus - J.H. Halbertsma, Buddhism uye muvambi wayo (1843) iyo yakagadziridzwa naHenk Blezen, Marcel Poorthuis naFred Gales.
Joast Hiddes Halbertsma aive munhu anonakidza. Akazvarwa muna 1789 muGrou, Friesland, semukuru mumhuri yevana vana. Akave mushumiri weMennonite, nyanzvi yemitauro uye munyori weduramazwi, nepo vakoma vake vakasarudza mamwe mabasa epanyika akadai sachiremba kana mutengesi. Akanyora pamwe chete nevakoma vake Eeltje naTjalling Rimen uye Teljtjes, kazhinji - kusvika nhasi - akadhindwazve anthology yeFrisian folk ngano uye nhetembo, iyo inosanganisirawo rwiyo rwechiFrisian rwakanyorwa nemukoma wake Eeltje. MaFrisian ekare yakatanga kudhindwa. Achisundwa nokuda mutauro, Joast akatangawo kugadzira duramazwi rake remutauro wechiFrisian, iwo Lexicon Frisicum, iyo yakapedzwa uye yakadhindwa muna 1872, anopfuura makore matatu mushure mekufa kwake, nedzimwe nyanzvi dzephilologist uye maduramazwi shamwari dzake.
Halbertsma akanga asiri murume akafamba zvakanaka kwenguva yake akanga ashanyira Ireland, Scotland, England, Germany, France neItaly, pakati pevamwe, asiwo uye pamusoro pezvose murume anonyatsoverenga. Mabhuku ake asingaverengeki uye kunyorerana kwakabatikana nevanofarira mutauro nedzimwe nyanzvi dzokumusha nokune dzimwe nyika kwakaratidza kuti mufundisi uyu aifarira zvikuru zvakanga zviri kuitika munyika huru kunze kweNyika Dzakadzika paGungwa uye kuti akanga asingazenguriri kwete kungoitira chete. kuumba pfungwa pamusoro pazvo, asiwo kuzvitaura mune imwe tsamba kana hurukuro. Akafukidza kareidoscope yemadingindira kubva pakubatsira kwenjanji kana kuunzwa kwezvikoro zvekuruka kusvika kune mbatatisi blight, Hindeloopen zvipfeko zvechinyakare kuenda kuChinese kana mutauro weKorea. Zvamazvirokwazvo kwakanga kusiri masangana kuti makore matatu Dr. Joast Halbertsma Mubairo weNhoroondo, Mutauro uye Literary Zvidzidzo uye Zvemagariro Sayenzi akatumidzwa zita rake.
Mufundisi aibvunzurudza ndiye aive wekutanga muNetherlands kutsvaga nenzira kwayo kubatana pakati pemitauro yekuMabvazuva neyeGerman. Akapesvedzerwa nenyanzvi dzephilologist dzakaita semumiriri weBritain William Jones uyo akange ataura kufanana pakati peSanskrit neGreek kana shamwari yepeni yaHalbertsma Jacob Grimm uyo, nekuenzanisa zvine hungwaru manzwi nemashoko mumitauro yekare uye zvishoma shoma yechiGerman, akange awana machinjiro anonzwika. yakachinja nhoroondo yakaita kuti kukudziridzwa kwomumwe mutauro kuva mumwe kuve kunonzwisisika. Akatorwa moyo nepfungwa yekuti tsika dzekuMadokero dzakabva kutsika dzekuMabvazuva uye kuti (yekutanga) nhoroondo yevanhu veScandinavian neGermanic, kwaakabatanidzawo maFrisian, yakanga yatanga kuMabvazuva. Turakiti rake Buddhism uye muvambi wayo zvakatanga seizvi:Kwatakabva kuMabvazuva. Ikoko kune nyika yegoridhe kwakabva madzibaba edu ekutanga. MaGoth, maScandinavians nemaFrisian vaive pamberi; vaSaxon nemaFrank vakatevera; uye vaHoogduischer vakavhara uto remarudzi eGermany. Kuenda kumavirira kubva kuIndus, pavakatanga kuenda mberi, vanhu vakura.”
Halbertsma, uyo akatanga kufarira zvakasimba chiBuddha pashure pokunge averenga Mifananidzo yeMabhuku uye Chitendero chevaBhudha (1841) naBrian Houghton Hodgson - mumiriri weBritain ane hukama hwemhuri dzechiDutch anogara muNepal - akaedza mugwaro rake kupa mufananidzo wakatendeseka weiyo mukuona kwake yaive nyaya yakaoma pamusoro peiyo zvishoma kwazvo yaizivikanwa kuMadokero kana, se. akazviisa pachake akanyora kuti:Buddhism chimwe chinhu kunze kwedzidziso yakapfava; iyo yakapfuma, yakaoma yakazara uye inobatanidzwa zvakadzama muhuzivi hwayo hunyengeri, umo munhu anogona chete kukwira kumitemo yakapfava yepakutanga kuburikidza nekuita kwenguva refu. Pakupedzisira, kuwana kunotonyanya kuoma nenzira mbiri iyo dzidziso inotsanangurwa nayo. Rine chirevo chakadzama (esoteric) kune vanotangisa; ine imwe pfungwa yekumusoro (exoteric) iyo inoratidzwa kune vanhu vasina hunyanzvi. Izvi zvinomiririra zvinobatanidzwa muzviratidzo zvinowanzovhiringidzwa nemusoro wenyaya.
Zvisinei, mufundisi akaedza kwete bedzi kupa ngwariro kunheyo dzinokosha, dzorudzidziso dzouhwu uzivi, asiwo panguva imwe cheteyo kukwevera wirirano pakati paBuddha naKristu; uye izvi zvaive zvechimurenga zvisingarambiki. Maonero matsva airatidza kuchinja kwemaonero aiita vanhu kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweEurope chiBuddha panguva iyoyo. Akaenzanisa uye akabatanidza nyika dzakasiyana nezviratidzo kune mumwe nemumwe, achipupurira maonero ake epakutanga nezvekufanana pakati peruva relotus neFrisian. Pompebled akanyora kuti: "Kushandiswa kwemuti welotus, sechiratidzo chechisiko, mukunamata kunotungamirira kwekaresa kwevaHindu, kungodudza vashomanana chete, kunosanozivikanwa. Apo vaFrisian vakapfuurira kubva kuAsia uye vakasvika pano, havana kuona lotus ichikura chero kupi zvako mumvura ipi zvayo, asi vakatamisa ruremekedzo rwekare kune chirimwa chemvura chinokura mumadziva edu ane mashizha akafanana nemaruva, ndinofunga, plums. MaDutch lotus mumachakwi eWanneperveen neVriesland achiri kubatwa nekutya kutsvene; hongu, Freeze yekare yakaisa nyika dzavo pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwechiratidzo ichi chehumwari, pavakawedzera mashizha manomwe emapuramu pajasi ravo rezvombo ...
Maonero ake matsva uye pamusoro pezvose asina tsarukano pamusoro peBuddhism akaita kuti arumbidzwe uye ashorwe. Kutsoropodza kwacho kwakanga kwakaoma zvamazvirokwazvo, zvikurukuru kubva kuavo vakanga vari vechokwadi zvikuru mudzidziso kana kuti zvikuru. Pasinei zvapo nokutsoropodza, zvisinei, mufundisi akaramba achifadzwa nechiBuddha kwoupenyu hwake hwose. Nguva pfupi asati afa, Halbertsma akanyora kuti: “Kukunda kwaBuddha itsika yake yemagariro uye yetsika, kwete dzidziso yake yemetaphysical. Hunhu hwake ndicho chinhu chakakwana kwazvo chakaonekwa nenyika ... Kana sezvakataurwa nemunyori wenhoroondo yake Alpita De Jong: "Joost Halbertsma, muparidzi kana kuti 'mudzidzisi' pakati pevaMennonites, akaona mumisimboti yekutanga yeBuddhism iwo misimboti yekutanga iyo iye pachake akazivisa hupenyu hwake hwese ... Ndaisagona kunyatsozvitaura...
Ndatenda nechinyorwa ichi chakanaka, Lung Jan.
Kune tsika refu yekuti Buddhism yakagamuchirwa sei, yakakurukurwa uye yakachinjirwa kune maonero ekuMadokero kuMadokero. Ndichaverenga bhuku rino ndione kuti Mufundisi Halbertsma vakaita sei izvi.
Mambo wechiBhudha Asoke (India, r. 268-232 BC) akatumira vaparidzi vechiBhudha kumadokero. Mukutanga kwegore kwaive nemamongi echiBuddha muAlexandria uye zvinowanzonzi chiKristu chine midzi yakawanda yechiBuddha.
Mhoro Lung Jan.
Iko kunakidza uye kunyorwa kwakanaka kwawakaita kuBlog.
Zvamazvirokwazvo zvakakodzera kutsvaka uye kurava zvakawanda kubva uyu mufundisi anofambira mberi.
Ndatenda.
Tinogona zvakare kuziva fungidziro dzakapfuma uye tarenda rekusanzwisisika iro Joost Halbertsma aive naro mubhuku reOera Linda, iro vamwe vanoti raive naye.
Nyaya yakanaka kwazvo!Chapeau
mirairo ine gumi yatinoziva semaKristu inoenderana nehunhu kana mirairo yechibhudha, zvinoenderana nebhaibheri vanobva kuna Moses, testamende yekare, saka zvinogonawo kuva neimwe nzira.
Ndakanakidzwa nenyaya iyi
Kuedza kwakanaka kwazvo kubatanidza East neWest
Muchiitiko ichi, Buddha naJesu
Uye zvakare nguva refu yapfuura neFrisian kubva kuGrou!
Nyika ichiri izere nezvishamiso!
Ndakabva ndaodha bhuku racho.
Ndakarerwa nenzira yetsika uye ndakaroorwa nomuBuddha. Ndakaona kuti zvidzidzo zvehupenyu zviviri zvinodarika 80% zvakafanana. Ndinoshamisika kuti Rudolf Steiner, muvambi weanthroposophy, akafurirwa neBuddhism kusvika papi. Panofanira kunge pane chimwe chinhu chakanyorwa pamusoro pazvo pane imwe nzvimbo.
Handizive kuti 'muchato wechiBuddha' unorevei. Rudolf Steiner aidavira kuti rudzi rweAryan chete rwakanga rwakakwana. Akakwevera Buddha naZarathustra mudzidziso dzake.
Ndizvo chaizvo mudikani Tino. Mumwe wandaizivana naye akaendesa vana vake kuChikoro cheWaldorf. Ndaifunga kuti vakaita fungidziro isina kunaka muzvinhu zvakawanda. Steiner akaunza dzidziso dzaanofarira kuruboshwe uye kurudyi. Ona Wikipedia iyo inorangarira French racial theorist yenguva iyoyo. Wikipedia inoshumawo kuti: “Muma1990 zvakazozivikanwa muNetherlands kuti zvinyorwa zverusaruraganda kubva mubasa raRudolf Steiner zvakapiwa sechidzidzo chezvidzidzo muRace and Ethnology zvidzidzo zveWaldorf. Pachinzvimbo cheAnthroposophical Society muNetherlands, tsvakiridzo yezverusaruraganda muzvinyorwa zvaSteiner yakaitwa nekomiti yakagadzwa inotungamirwa neanthroposophist Van Baarda. Ndima gumi nenhanhatu dzakaziviswa sezvingabvira dzine rusaruraganda.” Zvinowanzotendwa kuti Buddha akanga asina hanya nedzinza. Nenzira, ini handingadeidze vagari veThai vasina rusarura.
@Tino Kuis: Rudolf Steiner aitenda kuti mujaho weAryan chete waive wakakwana.
@Maarten: Ndizvozvo chaizvo, mudiwa Tino.
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Kune chipoko chiri kunetsa kuEurope uye chinonzi 'wakamuka'. Woke anobva kuUnited States, nyika yemhirizhonga yepfuti, misiyano yakanyanyisa mumari nemidziyo uye chishuwo chekudzivirira 'rusununguko' (verenga: Zvido zveAmerica) pasi rese.
Asi kumuka kunoonekwa zvakare kwakakosha muNetherlands. Zvese zvinotorwa kusvika padanho rekusava nemusoro uye pachinhu chidiki chimwe chinhu kana mumwe munhu anonzi 'racist' kana 'fascist'.
Steiner aive akapfava zvakanyanya uye pamweya semunhu kuti ave munhu akaomesesa rusaruraganda, sezvaunoisa iwe. Anthroposophy yaimbove yakanyanya kuruboshwe kupfuura kurudyi. Wanga uchiziva here kuti iyo Triodos Bank, inozivikanwa seyekuruboshwe-bapiro, yakavambwa naanthroposophist Rudolf Mees. Bhangi rine anthroposophical principles. Rudolf Mees akanga ari muzukuru, kana kuti muzukuru wechipiri, wababa vangu, avo vaivawo nyanzvi yoruzivo rwokuzviwanira. Vose vakaburukawo kubva kumhuri yakakurumbira yebhangi.
Kare, zvinhu zvaiwanzonyorwa zvakati siyanei nezvazviri iye zvino. Lou de Jong, akanyora akati wandei emabhuku anoremekedzwa nezve Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri, dzimwe nguva akashandisa izwi rinosimudza tsiye dzedu muna 2022. Asi saSteiner, uyu De Jong anga asiri rusaruraganda.
Kumuka, kana kuti zvematongerwo enyika, zvinotonga pasi rose, asi ini handitore chikamu.
Wadiwa Eric,
Ndinoda kupa maonero angu uye munhu wese anogona kutaura chimwe chinhu nezvazvo. Kudaidza maonero angu 'akamuka' hakunyatso batsira, zviri nani ipa dzimwe nharo. Rudolf Steiner akanga asiri munhu ane rusaruraganda asi aiva nemafungiro asina kururama pamusoro pedzinza. Handimutongi, akataurawo zvakawanda zvakanaka. Asi haasi mutsvene.
@Tino Kuis: Handingazive kuti 'wanano yechiBuddha' inorevei.
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Zvechokwadi ndaireva: kuroora Buddha.
Asi chokwadi waizviziva iwe pachako.
Izwi rokuti 'kuroora Buddha' harisipo muchiThai. Ingori mhemberero yechinyakare yeThai. Kana kuti ndiyo imwe 'yamuka' mhinduro? Uye ndiBhudha, nekuti harisi zita asi zita rakangofanana namambo, mushumiri uye mukuru.
Naizvozvo roorano yechiBuddha haigoneki, kana kuti roorano yaBuddha, asi Buddha inobvira, asi pasina roorano. Ndakadzidza chimwe chinhu zvakare.