Vakuru vanotungamirira – Plaek Phibun Songkhram
Plaek Phibun Songkhram (Mufananidzo: Wikipedia)
Kana pakave paine imwe nguva dzose mune inodarika mhirizhonga yezvematongerwo enyika yeThai mumakore zana apfuura kana zvakadaro, iuto. Kubva mauto aitsigirwa nemauto coup d'état yaChikumi 24, 1932, iyo yakagumisa humambo hwakazara, mauto akatora masimba muNyika yeSmiles kasingasviki gumi nembiri. Nguva yekupedzisira izvi zvakaitika muna Chivabvu 22, 2014, apo mukuru wemauto, General Prayut Chan-o-cha, akafunga kuti zvakafanira kugadzirisa zvinhu muThailand, iyo panguva iyoyo yakanga ichitambudzwa nekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika. a coup d'état.
Mazhinji emakororo aya akabatsira vakuru vemauto uye vamwe vakasiya mucherechedzo wavo zvinogutsa panhoroondo yeThai. Ndosaka mune akati wandei mipiro yeThailand blog ini ndichafunga muchidimbu aya anoshamisa 'vezvematongerwo enyika', hupenyu hwavo uye vavariro dzavo. Mukuru akasiya mucherechedzo wake zvakanyanya paThailand muzana ramakore rapfuura pasina mubvunzo aive Marshal Plaek Phibun Songkhram.
Akazvarwa Plaek Khhittasangkha muna 1897 kumhuri yakaderera mudunhu reNonthaburi, kuchamhembe kweBangkok, akabatana nevadzidzi veChulachomklao Army academy aine makore gumi nemaviri. Akazova mudzidzi akajeka uye anoshingaira uyo akapedza kudzidza pazera remakore 12 uye akaenda kunoshanda se sub-lieutenant mune artillery. Kuita kwake kwechiuto kunoshamisa kwakapihwa mubairo wekudzidziswa kwepamusoro muFrance kubva 17 - 1924.
Makanga muri muFrance, umo mhodzi dzokusagutsikana pamusoro peumambo hwakakwana dzakanga dzichivirisa pakati pevadzidzi vaduku veThai, ndipo paakasangana naPridi Banomyong, mudzidzi wemitemo wechiduku. Vaviri ava vaizoita basa rakakosha mukupidigura kwemauto kwe1932 kwaiitwa neboka diki revarangana vemauto nemauto mumangwanani emusi wa24 Chikumi. Coup iyi yakashandura Siam kubva pamhedziso kuenda kuhutongi hwehumambo. Zvakadaro, kupidigura uku kwakaunzawo nguva yekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika kwaionekwa nekukakavadzana pakati pemutsigiri wezvematongerwo enyika akasimba zvikuru uye ari kufambira mberi, Pridi nemauto, aine lieutenant Colonel Phibun Songkhram kunyanya achizviratidzira semurume mutsva akasimba.
Akabva asimbisa mukurumbira wake nekupwanya zvine utsinye chikwata cheRoyalist chinotungamirwa naPrince Boworadet muna Gumiguru 1933. Zvinhu zvakatonyanya kuoma apo Mambo Prajadhipok, uyo akanga asingawirirani nemauto, akaenda kunze kwenyika muna 1934. Izvi zvakabva zvagadzira mukaha usingachinjiki pakati pekorona nevarume vakasimba mukanzuru. Paakaburuka pana March 2, 1935, mutsivi wake akanga ari muzukuru wake Ananda Mahidol. Mumwe mukomana akapinda chikoro chebhodhingi chepamusoro muSwitzerland uye uyo, kunze kweshanyo pfupi muna 1938, aisazodzokera kunyika yake kutozosvikira muna 1946. Kutarisa kwehumambo kwaive kwakazorora munharaunda yeSiamese kwemazana emakore kwakanga kwaenda ...
Musi waZvita 26, 1938, Phibun Songkhram, uyo akange apona kupondwa kusingasviki katatu kubva 1932, akatanga kutonga semutungamiri wedare remakurukota raive nenhengo makumi maviri neshanu, gumi neshanu dzaive dzechiuto, kazhinji shamwari dzepedyo dzaPhibun. Mutungamiriri wehurumende achangogadzwa akatora zvinzvimbo zviviri zvakakosha: Zvemukati menyika neDefence. Nekuda kweizvozvo, akazviwanira kutonga pamusoro pechiuto chemauto, asiwo pamusoro pehutongi hwepamba. Akakurumidza kudzvinyirira kupikiswa kwaigona kuitika nokuita kuti boka revangangomupikisa risungwe mukati memwedzi. Nhengo dzemhuri yehumambo, nhengo dzeparamende dzakasarudzwa uye vaimbokwikwidza muchiuto vakanyangarika vakavharirwa mumajeri zvisina tsarukano. Kuburikidza nenhevedzano yemaitiro anopokana nemutemo, ivo vakabviswa zvisina tsarukano nematare ehondo. Vane gumi nevasere vavo vakatongerwa rufu uye vakaurayiwa, makumi maviri nevatanhatu vakagamuchira mitongo yeupenyu hwose uye vakasara vakamanikidzwa kuenda kuutapwa. Mambo akadzingwa Prajadhipok, akadedera nemaitiro aPhibun, akagovanawo zvibhakera. Akapomerwa mhosva yekubira 1941 miriyoni baht mumari yehurumende. Kutongwa kwake kwakamirira pakafa aimbova mambo muna May XNUMX.
Phibun Songkhram (Prachaya Roekdeethaweesab / Shutterstock.com)
Phibun haana kuita chakavanzika chekuyemura kwake mukuru weItaly wenyika Mussolini. Pamwe chete naWitwathakan, Gurukota rePropaganda, akavaka chitendero chehutungamiriri mu1938 uye mberi. Mifananidzo yePhibun yaive yakazara mumigwagwa, ukuwo mifananidzo yamambo akadzingwa Prajadhipok yakarambidzwa. Zvaakataura zvaibuda mumapepanhau uye zvaiiswa pazvikwangwani semaposter. Asi hazvina kugumira ipapo. Phibun aizvitora semurume ari pabasa. Akanga asingadi kusika nyika itsva asi kuvaka rudzi rutsva. Nzira yaaida kupa chimiro kune izvo zvaakaona seSiamese magariro uye tsika reissance iyo iye pachake akatungamirira, yakajekeswa nehuwandu hwemaitiro anoshamisa.
Musi waChikumi 24, 1939, gore rechinomwe rekutora hurumende muna 1932, akachinja zita renyika kubva kuSiam kuita. Mu'ang Thai kana Thailand. Kuchinja kwezita uku kwaiitwa nemaune uye kwakavanzawo chirongwa chezvematongerwo enyika chine mupendero wekuwedzera. Mushure mezvose, zita rokuti Thailand raireva nyika yevanhu vose veThai, kusanganisira madzinza eThai vaigara kunze kwemiganhu yenyika panguva iyoyo ... Akakurudzirawo kudzokera kune tsika dzechinyakare uye tsika. Muchokwadi, munhu anogona kutopokana kuti midzi yekutamba kwazvino kweGreat Helmsman nepfungwa isingatsananguriki ye'Thainess' inorara naPhibun…. Chikamu chemushandirapamwe uyu chaive nhanho dzekurwisa-Chinese kudzikamisa hutongi hweChinese hwehupfumi hweThai uye kuderedza dzidzo yeChinese, mapepanhau netsika. Zvinoshamisa kana munhu akafunga kuti Phibun pachake aive nemadzinza echiChinese. Sekuru vake baba vaimbova mugari weChinese anotaura Cantonese. Chokwadi chaakasiya asina kutaurwa muCV yake…
Mwedzi mishoma gare gare, Phibun akatanga chirongwa chakakura chakatsigirwa nehurumende che "itsva uye yakabudirira Thailand ' Kuti azadzise chinangwa ichi, akapa matanhatu '.tsika mandates'kunze. Nhevedzano yemirayiro yakanangana, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, pakuremekedza mureza wenyika nerwiyo rwenyika kana kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinogadzirwa munharaunda, asiwo pakupfekedzwa kweheti kana kutsvoda kwemangwanani kwevakaroorana…
Hondo Yenyika II yaizosarudza kuguma kwaPhibun. Nehungwaru akatora mukana wekudonha kweFrance muna Chikumi 1940 uye nechisimba chakatevera cheJapan cheFrench Indochina munaGunyana 1940 kusimbisa zvirevo zveThai muFrench Indochina mushure mekupokana kwemuganhu neFrance. Phibun aitenda kuti Thailand yaigona kudzoreredza matunhu ayo Mambo Rama V akanga aenda kuFrance nekuti maFrench aizodzivirira kurwisana nepfuti kana kupikisa zvakanyanya. Thailand yakarwa naVichy France munzvimbo dzakapokana kubva Gumiguru 1940 kusvika Chivabvu 1941. The tekinoroji uye nenhamba yepamusoro mauto eThai akapinda nechisimba cheFrench Indochina uye akarwisa mauto akananga mumaguta makuru. Zvisinei nekubudirira kweThai, kukunda kwehunyanzvi hweFrance kuHondo yeKo Chang kwakatungamira kupindira kwemaJapan, avo vakatyora chibvumirano chakamanikidza maFrance kusiya nzvimbo dzaipokana kuThailand. Zvichakadaro, Phibun akaedza kuchengetedza kusarerekera kweThai nenzira yaisatendeseka kuMadokero.
Kunyange zvazvo pasi pasi Phibun akanga ari pro-Japanese, iye zvino akagovera muganhu navo uye akanzwa kutyisidzirwa nekugona kuitika kweJapan. Hurumende yePhibun yakaonawo kuti Thailand yaizofanira kuzviriritira kana kurwisa kweJapan kwakauya, zvichipihwa hukama huri kukurumidza kudzikira nemasimba ekuMadokero munzvimbo iyi. Apo vaJapan vakavhozhokera Thailand pana December 8, 1941—nemhaka yeInternational Date Line, ikoku kwakaitika awa nehafu kurwiswa kwePearl Harbor kusati kwaitwa—Phibun akamanikidzwa nokusada kurayira kugumisa kurwa pashure pezuva rimwe bedzi rokuramba. Mauto eJapan akashandisa Thailand sehwaro hwekupinda kwavo kweBritish makoroni eBurma neMalaysia. Nekudaro, kuzeza kwekutanga kwehurumende yeThai kuzvipisa kune veJapan kwakapa mukana wekufarira mushure mekunge maJapan apinda nemushandirapamwe weMalayan mu "Bicycle Blitzkrieg" nekushomeka kushoma. Musi wa21 Zvita, Phibun akasaina mubatanidzwa wemauto neJapan. Mwedzi wakatevera, pana Ndira 25, 1942, Phibun akazivisa hondo kuBritain neUnited States. Pazuva rimwe chetero, South Africa neNew Zealand dzakazivisa hondo kuThailand. Australia yakatevera mushure menguva pfupi. Semi Pramoj, weThai charge d'affaires muWashington akaramba kupa chiziviso chehondo kuUS uye akatanga Free Thai Movement, bato repasi pevhu rinotsigirwa neAmerica rakatanga kurwisa maJapan muSoutheast Asia.
(Mufananidzo: Wikipedia)
Phibun, zvakadaro, akachenesa munhu wese aipikisa mubatanidzwa neJapan. Vaimbove vatsigiri vake vebourgeois vakapikisa pachena kubatana neBeijing vakakwidziridzwa kure. Izvi zvaisanganisira Pridi, akagadzwa semutevedzeri waMambo Ananda Mahidol asipo, uye Direk Jayanama, gurukota rezvekunze ane mukurumbira. Jayanama, uyo akakurudzira kuramba achipikisa maJapan, akazotumirwa - achipesana nekuda kwake - akatumirwa semumiriri kuTokyo. Mukumuka kwemauto eJapan achikurumidza kuenda kuBurma, Phibun akatumira mauto eexpedition uyo, pasina matambudziko, akatora uye akawedzera chikamu chenharaunda yeShan.
Muna 1944, nemaJapan akakundwa muhondo kumativi ose uye pasi pevhu anti-Japanese Free Thai Movement ichikura zvishoma nezvishoma musimba, National Assembly yakadzinga Phibun semutungamiri wehurumende uye kutonga kwake kwemakore matanhatu semukuru-mukuru kwakasvika pakukurumidza. end. Kusiya basa kwaPhibun kwakamanikidzwa muchikamu nezvirongwa zviviri zvakakura, zvinenge megalomaniac: imwe yaive yekufambisa guta guru kubva kuBangkok kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yesango iri kure pedyo nePhetchabun kuchamhembe-pakati peThailand, uye imwe yaive yekugadzira "guta rechiBhudha raizovakwa muSaraburi. . Nekuda kwehukuru - hwekumanikidzwa - zvikwereti zvehondo kuJapan uye nedambudziko rehupfumi, Treasury yakanga isina chinhu uye vazhinji vakuru vakuru vehurumende vakamukira hurongwa hwake. Phibun aive asiri benzi akazviona kuti aive atambanudzira ruoko rwake. Mushure mokusunungurwa kwake, akandogara mumuzinda wavarwi muLopburi.
Khuang Aphaiwong akatsiva Phibun semutungamiri wehurumende, sezvinei kuti aenderere mberi nehukama nemaJapan, asi muchokwadi kubatsira muchivande Free Thai Movement. Pakupera kwehondo, Phibun akaedzwa pakusimbirira kwevaAllies pamhosva dzehondo uye kubatana. Zvisinei, akanzi haana mhosva mukudzvinyirirwa kukuru nokuti maonero evanhu akanga achiri kumufarira. Kuregererwa uku kwaive kukanganisa bhiri reBritish. Churchill aida kuranga Thailand nePhibun zvachose, asi izvo zvakapfuura muenzi, mune iyi nyaya maAmerican, aiverenga Thailand semubatsiri akavimbika weramangwana mudunhu.
Phibun akadzikira kumashure kwechinguva, asi izvo zvaisareva kuti akasiya zvishuvo zvake. Muna Mbudzi 1947, mauto ari pasi pePhibun, anozivikanwa seCoup Group, akaita mhirizhonga yakamanikidza Mutungamiriri wenguva iyoyo, Thawan Thamrongnawasawat kusiya chigaro. Vapanduki vakadzosa Khuang Aphaiwong semutungamiri wehurumende sezvo mhirizhonga yakasangana nekurambwa nepasi rose. Pridi Phanomyong akatambudzwa asi akabatsirwa nevakuru vevasori vekuBritain neAmerica vakakwanisa kutiza munyika. Musi wa8 Kubvumbi 1948, Phibun akatora chigaro chemutungamiriri mushure mekunge mauto amanikidza Khuang kusiya basa.
Hutungamiri hwechipiri hwaPhibun hwakasiyana netemu yake yekutanga munzira dzakawanda dzakakosha. Nguva dzaive dzachinja naPhibun. Mitemo yake yakatowana facade yedemokrasi. Izvi zvaive nechekuita nehukama hwakasimba pakati pehurumende neUnited States. Pakutanga kweHondo Yemashoko, Phibun akatungamira Thailand mumusasa weanopikisa makomunisti. Zvichitevera kupinda kweThailand muUnited Nations Multinational Allied Forces munguva yeHondo yeKorea, Thailand yakagamuchira rubatsiro rwakakura, muzvinhu uye nemari, kubva kuUS. Izvi zvakaita kuti Phibun aenderane zvakanyanya neWestern model yenzanga. Akashivirira kubuda kwemapato akasiyana-siyana ezvematongerwo enyika, akabvumira masangano, akapa ruregerero kuvapikisa vakasungwa uye akaronga sarudzo dzakasununguka.
Zvisinei, iyi nzira itsva yezvematongerwo enyika haina kudzivirira kuedza kubvuta kwakati wandei panguva yake yechipiri. Zvinonyanya kushamisa zvakaitika musi waChikumi 29, 1951. Zuva iroro Phibun akanga achipinda mhemberero muManhattan, American dredger, paakangoerekana abatwa neboka remauto emugungwa eThai, akazomuvharira muchikepe chehondo chinonzi Sri Ayutthaya. Nhaurirano pakati pehurumende nevarongi vezvematongerwo enyika vakakurumidza kuputsika, zvichiita kuti kurwa kwemhirizhonga mumigwagwa muBangkok pakati pemauto emugungwa nemauto, ayo aitsigirwa neuto remhepo reThai. Pane imwe nguva Phibun akakwanisa kutiza ndokushambira kudzokera kumahombekombe. Mushure mekunge Sri Ayutthaya yabhombwa nemauto emuchadenga, uye nenhapwa yavo yaenda, mauto emugungwa akamanikidzwa kuisa maoko ayo pasi.
Muna Kukadzi 1957, pakupera kwetemu yake yechipiri, pfungwa dzeveruzhinji dzakapandukira Phibun apo bato rake raifungidzirwa kuti rine hutsotsi hwesarudzo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutyisidzirwa kwevanopikisa, kutenga mavhoti pamwe nekubirira. Pamusoro pezvo, vatsoropodzi vaPhibun vakamupomera mhosva yekuzvidza humambo hweThai, sezvo mutungamiriri wehurumende aigara achiedza kuita kuti humambo huve hudiki huri mubumbiro remitemo uye achitora mabasa echitendero ayo aigara ari amambo. Semuenzaniso, Phibun akatungamira mhemberero dze2500th anniversary yeBuddhism muna 1956/57 panzvimbo yaMambo Bhumibol Adulyadej, uyo akatsoropodza pachena Phibun. Musi waGunyana 16, 1957, Phibun akazokundwa mukupidigura hurumende nemauto airairwa naField Marshal Sarit Thanarat, uyo akambopika kuti aive pasi paPhibun akavimbika. Sarit akatsigirwa nevazhinji veumambo vaida kudzoreredza, uye nerunyerekupe rwekuti United States "yakapinda zvakanyanya" mukukwikwidza uku.
Phibun akamanikidzwa kuenda kuutapwa, kutanga kuCambodia, asi akazogara muJapan mushure mekunge hurumende itsva yaSarit yaramba zvikumbiro zvake zvekumubvumira kudzokera kuThailand. Muna 1960, Phibun akaenda kuIndia kwenguva pfupi kuti ave mumongi patemberi yeBuddhist muBodhgaya. Phibun akafa nechirwere chemoyo musi waChikumi 11, 1964 ari muhutapwa muSagamihara, Japan.
Thanks zvakare mudiwa Jan. Nditenderei kuwedzera zvimwe zvishoma, kutanga nezita zvakare.
MuchiThai kureva แปลก พิบูลสงคราม, Plèk Phíe-boen-sǒng-khraam. Kazhinji zvakadimburirwa kuti พิบูล kana Phibun/Phibul muchiperengo cheChirungu. Zvekare nekuti iyo ล (tsamba L) kumagumo inodaidzwa senge N.
Plek / Plaek = zvinoshamisa, zvinoshamisa, zvisina kujairika. Chirevo chenzeve dzake dzechienzi dzakanga dzakaderera kupfuura meso ake.
Phiboen / Phibun / Phibul = chimwe chinhu chakafara, chakafara, chikuru, chimwe chinhu chinotora nzvimbo yakawanda (?)
Songkhraam / Songkhram = hondo, hondo, hondo.
Izvozvo zvingave chaizvoizvo: Mr. Strange Broad War. Asi akada kusadanwa nezita rake Strange. Zita rake rekuzvarwa muchiThai raive ขีตตะสังคะ, asi zvarinoreva?
Pakatanga hondo, Prime Minister Phibun akanga achiri mukuru mukuru. MuchiThai พลตรี (pon-trie: mukuru wekirasi yechitatu). Asi akazvipa kukwidziridzwa kuita field marshal muna 1941. MuchiThai จอมพล, tjom-pon kana Musoro/Mutungamiriri Wemauto. Hazvinaki here kuti vatungamiri vane masimba vanogona kuzvisimudzira, kuzvibvisa mhosva nezvimwe zvakadaro? Zvinoshamisa kuti vangani veThai Prime Minister vaive mauto kana mauto emumunda. Zvikuru!
Kana zviri zvekusiya basa, muna Chikunguru 16, 1944, Phibun akapa chigaro chake kune avo vaviri regents. Anonzi aifunga kuti achapihwa chigaro chemutungamiri wehurumende zvakare zvisinei nemukurumbira wavo wainge waderera. Pakutanga kwehondo ne "kudzorera" kweinonzi nharaunda yeThai iyo yakanga isati yambonyatso 100% Thai ... (funga nezveumambo hwakasiyana-siyana, zvikwereti kune umambo hwakasiyana-siyana hwepamusoro, kusavapo kwemiganhu yakaoma uye nezvimwe zvakadaro). Asi kusiya basa kwake kwakagamuchirwa uye kwete zvakanyanya gare gare kwaingova ne1 regent yakasara: Pridi. Akagadza Khuang semutungamiri mutsva musi waNyamavhuvhu 1, 1944. Mushure mehondo, Pridi pachake aizovewo mutungamiriri wehurumende kwenguva pfupi kusvika mauto adzokera pakutonga uye Phibun adzoka semutungamiri wehurumende.
Kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezvePhibun, unogona kubvunza aya mabhuku:
- Siam inova Thailand: Nyaya yeIntrigue. London 1991, Judith Stowe. ISBN 978-0824813932.
– Munda Marshal Plaek Phibun Songkhram (Vatungamiriri veAsia). Yunivhesiti yeQueensland Press 1980, BJ Terwiel. ISBN 978-0702215094
Rob, chikamu cheSangkha muzita rake rekutanga chinogona kunge chiri guta / dunhu mudunhu reSurin. Chikamu chekutanga (khit-ta:) hachigone kuisa yangu yeku Thai.
Vazhinji veThailand connoisseurs uye zvakare isina kushata Thailand connoisseurs vanoda kuti munhu wese atende kuti:
- kupandukira kwese kwemauto kwakaipa uye kunokurudzirwa nekuchiva kwemasimba uye kudzvinyirira kwevanhu;
- kuti mauto, mauto nehumambo zvinogara zviri mumapoka;
- kuti ndiye chete mambo (uye kwete mamwe madzimambo akakwirira mumhuri) uyo, semutongi anodzvinyirira, anorayira mauto kuti adzvinyirire vanhu nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.
Nyaya yaLung Jan inoratidza kuti hapana chimwe chezvirevo zvitatu izvi chakarurama.
Kana iwe ukachengeta maziso ako nenzeve zvakavhurika uye uchiongorora nhoroondo ichangoburwa, unoziva kuti fungidziro idzi hadzina kubata mumakore makumi manomwe apfuura, hapana chimwe chezvitatu. Kwete pasi pemutungamiriri wenyika yapfuura, kwete pasi peiyezvino.
Chokwadi, mudiwa Chris, kwete ese coups uye kwete nguva dzose. Asi ndinofunga vazhinji vavo.
Mungandipewo here mazita emacoups asingakurudzirwe neruchiva rwesimba neudzvinyiriri? Thanks for that.
Verenga kutumira kwaLung Jan zvakare: coup ya1932 muThailand.
Ndiri kuda kuziva kuti idzi nyanzvi dzeThailand ndivanaani, vanofanirwa kutarisa basa raStowe nevamwe. Kwave kune makambi akasiyana-siyana nekufamba kwenguva. Semuyenzaniso, varongi vezvematongerwo enyika ve1932 (the Khana Ratsadon / คณะราษฎร / People's Party) inogonawo kukamurwa kuita mapoka akasiyana-siyana: boka remauto rinotungamirwa naPhraya Phahon (uyo akanyora chikamu chekare chaLung Jan), boka remauto uye mugari. bato rinotungamirirwa naPridi. Mapato aya aisava nepfungwa dzakafanana uye mukati memapoka maivewo nemaonero akasiyana. Phibun aive chikamu cheboka remauto uye akazobuda semunhu / mutungamiri ane masimba.
Uye saka zvakare nekufamba kwenguva: Bato reVanhu rakaisa parutivi maRoyalists (kusanganisira machinda akasiyana). Kunopera kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, boka revanhu / revanhu rakatanga kutonga kwenguva pfupi richitungamirwa naPridi. Asi mushure mekufa kamwe kamwe kweAnanda, mamwe mapoka akanhuwa ropa zvakare. Semuyenzaniso, iyo ichangobva kugadzwa yeDemocratic Party yakaita basa mukunetesa nhamba dzepro-Pridi. Royalists vakamutsawo. Pakupedzisira, Phibun akakwanisa kudzokera kusimba.
Zvaizotora kusvika 1957 kuti Phibun iwa. Aive Sarit uyo, neungwaru achishandisa Hyde style kutaura, akakwanisa kuramba Phibun. Sarit akatanga kuparadzira humambo, uye nerubatsiro rwevaAmerican pakanga paine bhajeti rakanaka rekuparadzira mapepa eImba kwese kwese. Izvi zvaibva zvaenderana nekurwisana neRed Danger.Zvisinei, chikwata chemauto nemauto zvakasangana mune izvi. Mukuru wehurumende nemutungamiri wehurumende vaida mumwe nemumwe, asi zvinhu zvakawanda zvaiitawo ipapo. Funga nezvebasa remhuri dzakapfuma. Izvi zvinhu zvinouya mukujekeswa muna Christine Gray's 1970 dissertation (Thailand: iyo soteriological state), iyo inosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanaka nezvemhemberero yeKathin.
Nyika haina dema uye chena, asi ine marudzi ese emapoka uye madiki-zvidimbu, anopokana hunhu uye zvichingodaro. Asi kutaura zvakafara, unogona kutaura kuti "mauto", "madzimambo" uye "vapfumi vepamusoro" vakakwanisa kuwana nzira yavo kubva pakutonga kwaSarit uye vaida mumwe nemumwe pamwe nekukwikwidza / kurwira. Uye hongu zvakare mukati nekuti "uto" harisipo futi. Asi zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvinotarisa pane chimwe chinhu / musoro, uye isu kazhinji tinofanirwa kusiya iyo yakaoma nekuti mumapeji mashoma eA4 chete musimboti wezvinhu unogona kutaurwa. Uye izvo zvakatsanangurwa muchidimbu muThailand kuti "mauto" akaita basa rakakosha mune zvematongerwo enyika muThai uye nzanga kubvira 1932. Izvo hazvirambike, uye kuburikidza neizvi zvidimbu zvakawanda nevanyori vakasiyana tinosimbisa zvimwe zvinhu ipapo.
Saka ndiri kuda kuziva kuti ndezvipi zvinhu nezve Sarit yedu Lung Jan ichasimbisa. Mamwe maficha, akadai seaya emhuri inodiwa kwazvo yeThailand, ane hanya zvakanyanya saka haagone kukurukurwa pano murusununguko rwese uye pachena. Zvakaipa. Zvichida ndicho chikonzero zvakare nei vamwe "vanoziva" (ndiani?) vanoisa pfungwa zvakanyanya pa "mauto" uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinomanikidzwa kuita zvishoma…
Wadiwa Rob,
Chinhu chimwe chete chinofanira kuve chakajeka: mubatanidzwa wekutsiva humambo hwakakwana nehumambo hwebumbiro (kuti mapoka mangani akatsigira hazvina basa) INOPIKANA nemubatanidzwa une chinangwa chekuita nhapwa nekuchengetedza vanhu pasi pechigunwe chavo ... akatsigira vasina simba munzanga saMambo Arthur, asi zvakanga zvisina kudaro muThailand muna 1.
Chokwadi chekuti hatigone kunyora nekutaura nezvehumambo hachisi chokwadi. Lung Jan anozviita uye iwe unogona kudaro. Kana paine 1 RED mutsara HAKUNA kuoneka (mutsara uyo vazhinji uye nevaratidziri zvino vanotora sechinhu chakasimbiswa), ndezvekuti mauto nehumambo vanobvumirana nguva dzose uye nekusingaperi uye vanochengeta maoko avo pamusoro pemisoro yeumwe neumwe. Izvo hazvina kunge zvakadaro muThailand kweanopfuura makore zana, uye handizvo izvozvi. Kutumirwa kwaLung Jan kunoratidza izvi zvakare: kukwikwidza kwakaitwa neveumambo vachipokana neuto.
Wadiwa Chris, zvinofanirwa kuve pachena kuti:
1. Kunze kwezvishoma, kubvuta masimba kwemauto haisiriyo nzira inoenda kuhurongwa hwegutsaruzhinji nebudiriro yegutsaruzhinji. Iyo kite zvakare inokwira muThailand. Uye iyo yekutanga coup ine zvibodzwa zvakanaka pakutanga, iyo yeKhana Ratsadon yakanga isiri kunyange yehondo chete. Kutora masimba kwemauto nevakuru vemauto semutungamiri wenyika kwakaita kuti Thailand ive kure nedemocracy.
Zvikamu zviri kuuya munhevedzano iyi pasina mubvunzo zvichajekesa izvozvo. Nhamba dzakaita saSarit, Thanom naSuchinda dzaive dzisiri mhemberero yedemocracy. Uye havasi vamwe makurukota ehurumende ane mwero akadai saPrem (Preem)…
2. Zvakare, zvinhu zvakawanda zvakapoteredza imba hazvigoni kukurukurwa, zvakaoma kana mumashoko akafukidzwa zvikuru. Kunyora pachena nezvekuguma kunotyisa kwaAnanda, kana basa riri pakati peimba, vatungamiri vehurumende, kuratidzira kwevanhu uye basa remapato akasiyana-siyana mairi hazvigoni kukurukurwa zvakasununguka uye pachena muThailand.
Saka ndiri kuda kuziva kuti Lung Jan anokwanisa kuisa sei papepa redhijitari kuitira kuti mufananidzo unonzwisisika uye wakajeka ugadzirwe kunyangwe zvirambidzo zvakasiyana zviripo. Ndiani anoziva, semuenzaniso, angave aine imwe nzvimbo yebasa revanhu vekuAmerica muma60 nema70.
Zvichida ipapo pane basa rekutenda reThailand connoisseurs kunze kwenyika, sewe, kujekesa pane zvese izvi zvidzidzo zvisingaite. Hapana mubvunzo kuti une mabhuku ese akarambidzwa muThailand mubhokisi rako remabhuku. Iwe hausi kuzoenda kujeri nekuda kwayo muNetherlands.
Saka, huya… ..pinda munyaya dzisingatarisirwi uye nyora nezvadzo uye woregeredza Marx.
Kwete, izvo hazvisi kuzoburitswa paThailandblog.
Zvinonakidza, chimwe chikamu chenhoroondo yeThai yakapfuma
Lung Jan,
Iwe wakanyora chidimbu chikuru pamusoro pevakuru vemauto vakaita kuti vanhu vari pano vasava nehanya nezvematongerwo enyika uye demokrasi chaiyo isingagoneki. Zvinhu zvine runyararo zvishoma, asi hapana zvakawanda zvachinja kune akajairwa Thais. Kutaura zvazviri, mauto anoramba achisarudza mitemo yenyika.
Iyo inogona kunge isiri iyo yakaipisisa nzira. Nyika yekunze iri kuonawo uye hapana anobatsirwa nekuirega ichiwedzera. Pfuma inogovaniswa zvishoma nezvishoma uye ndizvo izvo vanhu vari kunze kwenyika (Western countries) vanoda kuona. Kujeka kwakakosha zvakare uye izvo zvakagamuchirwa nenyika dzekunze kwemakumi emakore. Nevakapfuma kwazvo vemarudzi akawanda munyika, ivo vanoziva nzira yekuenda.
Chokwadi, Mukristu. Mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe kubva pakatanga chimurenga muna 90 apo humambo hwakakwana hwakachinjwa kuva humambo hwebumbiro remitemo, vakuru vemauto vakasiyana-siyana vave vachitonga kwemakore 1932, inopfuura hafu yenguva iyoyo.
Wadiwa Christiaan, kuvaverengi vasingazivi zvikamu zvose zveLung Jan, zvingabatsire kutarisa chikamu ichocho. Ndinofunga kuti ndizvo: https://www.thailandblog.nl/achtergrond/boekbespreking-thai-military-power-a-culture-of-strategic-accomodation/
Zvinotanga nenhanganyaya iyi: "Handisi kukuudza chakavanzika kana ndichiti pesvedzero yemauto eThailand pamagariro nezvematongerwo enyika munyika muzana ramakore rapfuura yanga yakakosha. Kubva pakupidigura hurumende kusvika pakupidigura hurumende, vemauto havana kungokwanisa kusimbaradza chinzvimbo chavo chete asiwo - uye kusvika nhasi - kuramba vakabatirira pahurumende yenyika. ”
Pane zvakawanda zvekuverenga nezveThailand. Maawa nemaawa ekuverenga mafaro kumberi, uye iwo ma tag ari pane ino blog anowanzo batsira. Ingobaya pakanzi "mauto" pamusoro pechinyorwa kuti utaure zvishoma. Kana kutsvaga zvinhu zvakaita senyika iwe pachako. Zvidimbu zvaLung Jan, Tino nevamwe (iniwo ndakarova bhiza rine mabhiti akanaka, ndinofunga) ndakaisa hwaro hwakanaka mumutauro wechiDutch kuti ndidzidze zvakawanda nezveThailand. Zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvinobva kuvanyori vanonyora neChirungu. Nekunyora duo Pasuk Phongpaichit naChris Baker panzvimbo yekutanga kwandiri. Asiwo vamwe vakawanda hongu. The Thai Silkworm Books mubudisi wezvinyorwa zvakawanda izvo chero munhu anoda chaizvo kuziva zvakawanda nezveThailand haafanirwe kupotsa. Kunyangwe zvisiri zvese zvinogona kungotsikirirwa muThailand…
Inonakidza kwazvo chidimbu chenhoroondo nezveThailand. Sezvo kazhinji akaberekwa kubva mukushuvira kusingadzoreki, asi akanyura muchokwadi chenguva.