Vakuru vemauto vakadana pfuti: Phin Choonhavan

Phin Choonhavan (Mufananidzo:Wikipedia)

Kana pakave paine imwe nguva dzose mune inodarika mhirizhonga yezvematongerwo enyika yeThai mumakore zana apfuura kana zvakadaro, iuto. Kubva mauto aitsigirwa nemauto coup d'état yaChikumi 24, 1932, iyo yakagumisa humambo hwakazara, mauto akatora masimba muNyika yeSmiles kasingasviki gumi nembiri.

Nguva yekupedzisira izvi zvakaitika muna Chivabvu 22, 2014, apo mukuru wemauto, General Prayut Chan-o-cha, akafunga kuti zvakafanira kugadzirisa zvinhu muThailand, iyo panguva iyoyo yakanga ichitambudzwa nekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika. a coup d'état.

Mazhinji ekumukira uku akabatsira vakuru vemauto uye vamwe vakasiya mucherechedzo wavo zvinogutsa panhoroondo yeThai. Ndosaka mune akati wandei mipiro yeThailand blog ini ndichafunga muchidimbu aya anoshamisa 'vezvematongerwo enyika', hupenyu hwavo uye vavariro dzavo.

Nhasi ndinotora nguva yekufungisisa nezvemumwe weakanyanya kunzwisisika mune zvematongerwo enyika eThai, Marshal Phin Choonhavan. Murume uyu ane rekodhi yekuve mutungamiriri weThailand akapfupika-akashumira: akabata chinzvimbo ichi kubva munaNovember 8 kusvika 10, 1947, asi pesvedzero yake nemhuri yake yakanga isina kuenzana muNyika Yekunyemwerera. Mhuri yake yakava muenzaniso mukuru wezvinotsanangurwa muThailand sezvematongerwo enyika trakun (ตระกูลการเมือง kana ตระกูลนักการเมือง); dzinza remhuri rezvematongerwo enyika rakazvitsauranisa kuburikidza nekuita zvematongerwo enyika kwezvizvarwa zviviri. Chiito, icho chaiwanzosiyaniswa kwete chete nezvigaro muparamende, cabinet, senate uye kunyange premiership, asiwo nekutora zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro zvechiuto uye zvevanhu muhurumende.

Kubatanidzwa kwevaChoonhavan mune zvematongerwo enyika kunotangira muna 1947 uye kunosvika mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi21.^e zana remakore. Mutezo wekutanga wemhuri kupinda mune zvematongerwo enyika aive Phin Choonhavan. Akazvarwa muna Gumiguru 14, 1891 mumhuri yaKai, chiremba akanga atamira kuSiam achibva kuChaoshan, China, naLim Hong, akanga atama kubva kuShangou. Vaiita zvekushandisa minda yemichero nemishonga yechivanhu. Saka hupfumi hwehupfumi hwaive hushoma, asi mhuri yacho yakanga isiri murombo. Nekudaro, mikana yedzidzo yaPhin yakatorwa kubva kumhuri yake. Haina kunyatsonaka pakugara kwerudzi Sino-Thai vaive vasingadiwe chaizvo.

Kuti awane dzidzo, akagadzwa somufundisi wechiBuddha uye akatopedza nguva yakati ari mutembere yakakurumbira muBangkok. Zvisinei, dzidzo yake haina kufamba sezvayaifanira uye yakadzongonyedzwa kakawanda nokuti aifanira kuchinja chikoro kana kuperekedza mumwe mumongi akanga akwegura aiva mumusha. Pane imwe yedzodzodzo idzi, akaenda kumba kunoshanyira mhuri yake. Ikoko akaudzwa kuti aifanira kuita basa rake rechiuto. Pane kudaro, akasarudza kuenda kuMilitary Staff College uye nokudaro akazova junior officer candidate. Ikoko akakurumidza kupedza purogiramu yokurovedza ndokupedza kudzidza pamusoro pekirasi yake. Izvi zvakaita kuti akwanise kupinda Military Academy. Apedza kudzidza, akatumirwa kuchikamu chemauto muRatchaburi. Zvakamufambira zvakanaka nekuti muna 1929 akange atokwira pachinzvimbo kuenda kuukuru. Paakamira muRatchaburi, akapihwa zita repamutemo raLuang Chamnanyutthasat, zvichimuita chikamu chevakuru vepasi.

Musi waChikumi 24, 1932, mauto nevagari vasingagutsikane vakabatana muKhana Ratsadon kana People's Party, vakaita mhirizhonga iyo yakangoerekana yagumisa humambo hwacho. Yaizova nguva inokosha muupenyu hwake. Mushure mezvose, kupandukira uku kwakaisa pangozi basa rehondo raPhin. Pashure pokurangarira zvose, ukama hwake hwoushamwari chaihwo nomutungamiriri wake, uyo akanga ari mutezo wemhuri youmambo, hwakanga husina kucherekedzwa navatongi vatsva. Aifungirwa kuti aive munhu wehumambo. Kunyumwira uku kwakakuchidzirwa nenyaya yokuti mukuru wake akanga amurayira kuti aende kuBangkok pazuva rokumukira hurumende mubasa repachivande kuti aongorore mamiriro ezvinhu uye ngozi inogona kuitika kunhengo dzemhuri yehumambo.

Phin akangopukunyuka kubuda muuto asina kupfeka mushure mekupindira kwakananga kwaLieutenant Colonel Plaek Phibunsongkhram uyo, seaimbodzidza naye kuchikoro chemauto, aimuziva zvakanyanya uye aitsigira hunhu hwake uye kuvimbika kwake. Uchapupu uhwu hwakaitwa nemumwe wevarume vakasimba ava hahuna kumutadzisa kutsakatika kwemwedzi mishoma seri kwemadziro akareba e'musasa wekudzidzira patsva'… Nguva pfupi mushure maizvozvo hupenyu hwaPhin hwakashanduka zvakare, muna Gumiguru 1933 paakave akabatanidzwa zvakanyanya mukupwanya. pro-royalist counter-revolution inotungamirwa naPrince Bowaradet. Aive Phibunsongkhram akatungamira kurwisa vapanduki vehumambo. Nokuda kweizvi akakumbira, pakati pezvimwe, kuna Phin, uyo waairemekedza zvikuru nokuda kweunyanzvi hwake hwehondo. Asi pamwe waivewo muedzo wekuyedza kuvimbika kwaPhin kuhurumende itsva. Kupwanya kwakabudirira kweBowaradet Rebellion hakuna kungosimbisa chinzvimbo chePhibuns semurume akasimba muhurumende asiwo Phin uyo aive zvino abatanidza pachena magumo ake naPhibun. Chisarudzo chisina kumukuvadza.

Mushure mekunge Phibun ave mutungamiriri wehurumende muna 1936, basa remauto raPhin rakachinja. Muhondo yeFranco-Thai, iyo yakarwiwa muIndochina pakati paGumiguru 1940 naNdira 28, 1941, akawana budiriro shoma dzakasimbisa mukurumbira wake semurwi ane hunyanzvi. Saka hazvina kuitika kuti muchirimo cha1942, mushure memauto eJapan aikurumidza kusimuka, Phibun akaunganidza mauto eThailand, Thap Phayap kana Northern Army, kuti vatore 'nzvimbo dzakarasika' muBurma, Phin akagadzwa. mukuru III^e Division. Akadzinga Chinese LV^e Division kubva kuLoikaw ndokutora Kentung. Haana kupihwa mubairo chete nekukwidziridzwa kuna lieutenant general, asiwo nechinzvimbo chagavhuna wemauto weShan states.

Nekudaro, kupinzwa muguva rake neaPhibun kwaivewo nekuipa. Izvi zvakava pachena muna Nyamavhuvhu 1944 apo Phibun akamanikidzwa kusiya chigaro neparamende. Vapikisi vaPhibun vakamhan'arira kuti vachenese vanyarikani vainyadziswa, uye mavhiki mashoma gare gare Phin, akabva angosiya basa, akanga achitamba muminda yemichero yevabereki...

Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kureva kuti basa rake rakanga rapera. Mumaawa ekutanga aNovember 8, 1947, iye nemukuwasha wake, Police General Phao Sryanond, uye nerutsigiro rweakadzingwa Phibun, vakatungamira mhirizhonga isina ropa vachipokana neMutungamiriri wehurumende Admiral Thamrong Nawasawat. Yakanga iri yekutanga yakabudirira kuedza kupidigura kubva muna 1932. Kupidigura uku kwairatidza - kwenguva yechigumi nembiri - kupatsanurwa kukuru, muchidimbu kwakavapo mukati memauto eThailand. Kubva 1932, mauto emugungwa ainyanya kutsigira bato remabhunu rePeople's Party rinotungamirwa negweta Pridi Banomyong, iro rakanga ramisa humambo hwakakwana. Izvi zvakazoita kuti pave nekukonana nemauto ne -embryonic- air force vaive kudivi raPhibun. Kunyange zvazvo Phibun nemauto vachidyidzana nemaJapan panguva yekugara kweJapan, mauto emugungwa aitsigira maAllies neFree Thai Movement. Kuseri kwezviono, vamwe vevakuru vemauto emugungwa vaive vapindawo mukudonha kwezvematongerwo enyika kwePhibun muna 1944, izvo zvakangowedzera ruvengo pakati pemisasa miviri iyi.

Pridi naThamrong vakakwanisa kutiza kusungwa uye vakapihwa pekugara naAdmiral Sindhu Songkhramchai kumahofisi makuru emauto ari kumahombekombe eChao Phraya. Nerubatsiro rwechipangamazano weBritish uye mumiriri wemauto eAmerica, Pridi akakwanisa kutiza nyika - kune kushushikana kwaPhibun. Phin aive muchidimbu, kubva 8 kusvika 10 Mbudzi 1947, Prime Minister pamberi Phibun - sekubvumirana - atora masimba. Kuvimbika kwaPhin kuna Phibun kwakabhadhara. Mukutanga kwa1948, haana kungokwidziridzwa kuita Field Marshal uye Commander-in-Chief weThai Armed Forces, asi akatorawo simba rezvematongerwo enyika semutevedzeri weMutungamiriri. Asi nziyo dzakanaka hadzimbogara kwenguva refu, sekutaura kunoita chirevo, uye musi waGunyana 16, 1957, zvechokwadi aive ameni uye kunze kuna Phibun naPhin. Field Marshal Srisdi Dhanaraja akaita coup d'état izvo zvakapa Phibun imwezve - uye panguva ino zvachose - kudzingwa uye kumisa Phin… Kusiyana naPhibun kana Phayo, haana kudzingwa kunze kwenyika. Nenguva isipi akagadzira mabhanzi anotapira nemurume mutsva akasimba, Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat, akatora chigaro seMutungamiri mutsva muna Kukadzi 9, 1959.

Kupidigura hurumende kwa1947 kwakange kwaratidza kutanga kwemhuri yeChoonhavan segwara rezvematongerwo enyika. Mhuri yeChoonhavan nedzimwe mhuri shanu dzine hukama dzinozivikanwa seRajakru kana Ratchakru Boka. Boka reRatchakru rakatumidzwa zita remugwagwa waigara nhengo zhinji dzeboka: Soi Ratchakru, Phahon Yothin 5 muPhaya Thai, Bangkok. Boka iri rakaumbwa remhuri nhanhatu, dzakabatana newanano, dzakasiya mucherechedzo kuThailand kwezvizvarwa zvakati kuti… Simba ravo remasimba, pamusoro pezvematongerwo enyika, rakanyanya kuumbwa nehumambo hwebhizimusi hune pundutso hwakanga hwakavakwa naPhin Choonhavan. Humambo uhwu hunosanganisira makambani asingasviki makumi matatu nemaviri, kusanganisira gumi masangano emari, gumi nemashanu makambani ekufambisa uye makambani ekutengesa manomwe… Hukama huri kukura nekukurumidza hwakagadzirwa naPhin naSarit hwakapfuura neino, muchikamu chekupedzisira che32.^e zana rine simba chaizvo boka.

Boka racho rakanga rine simba guru kubva muna 1947 kusvika muna 1957 uye zvakare mukupera kwema1980 kusvika muna 1991. Munguva yekupedzisira, akanga ari mwanakomana waPhin mumwe chete, General Chatichai Choonhavan, akaita kuti aonekwe. Pamusoro pebasa rechiuto - iro raaive aine chikwereti chehukama hwemhuri yake nemukuru-mukuru - akavakawo basa rakabudirira semumiriri uye wezvematongerwo enyika. Vakave gurukota kakawanda uye kubva muna 1988 kusvika 1990 vaive mutungamiriri wehurumende. Mudzimai wake Thanpuying Boonruen Choonhavan, née Sophot aive aine hukama uye mutsigiri waPrincess Srinagarindra, amai vemangwana Mambo Rama IX. Mwanakomana wavo Kraisak akatevera tsoka dzababa vake. Aive Mutevedzeri wasachigaro weDemocrat Party kubva 2008 kusvika 2011 uye akatungamira Senate Foreign Relations Committee kubva 2001 kusvika 2006 coup. Pakutanga akange atozviita anobatsira semumiriri nekubudirira kutungamira nhaurirano dzerunyararo neCambodia pakati pa1989-1991.

Mukuwasha waPhin, General Pramarn Adikreksam, aive CEO weThai Textile Company yakavambwa muna 1954, haana kungoita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira bhizinesi reboka, asi aive zvakare kwenguva yakati Mutevedzeri weGurukota reIndasitiri neCommunication. mumwe wevatangi veChat Thai Party muna 1973. Vanakomana vaPramarn Pongpol naYongyol vakavaka basa rebhizimisi nerezvematongerwe enyika iro rakawana Pongpol mutevedzeri wemutungamiri kaviri. Kekupedzisira nguva izvi zvakaitika kubva 2001 kusvika 2003 pasi Thaksin Shiniwatra. Mushure mekupidigura hurumende muna 2006, Bato rayo reThai Rak Thai rakaparadzwa neConstitutional Court uye Pongpol yakarasikirwa nekodzero dzayo dzezvematongerwo enyika kwemakore mashanu. Kubva ipapo, pasi pe 'nom de plume' wake Paul Adirex, anga achishingaira semunyori.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, boka reRatchakru raigona kuzvirumbidza kwete chete mutungamiriri, asiwo vatevedzeri vemakurukota akawanda uye makurukota akawanda. Nhasi, dzimwe nhengo dziri kuramba dzichiita zvematongerwo enyika, asi simba reboka iri rakaderera zvikuru. Nekudaro, kunyangwe iri kupera simba, Boka reRatchakru raive uye richiripo, mushure medzinza reShinawatra, iro rakakura uye rine simba rezvematongerwo enyika trakun munhoroondo yemazuva ano yeThai.