Ndinogara mudunhu Buriram uye Prasat Hin Khao Phanom Rung ari, sekutaura, ari kuseri kwemba yangu. Saka ndashandisa nekutenda kuva pedyo uku kuti ndisvike pakuziva iyi saiti zvakanyanya, nekuda kwekushanya kwakawanda. Ndinoda kutora nguva yekufungisisa nezve temberi iyi, inova imwe yeanonyanya kufadza muThailand munzira dzakawanda kupfuura imwe.
Kwete chete nekuti ndiwo mumwe wemienzaniso yakanakisa yeizvi Khmer architecture asi zvakare nekuti anoratidza zvakanaka mabatiro anoita veThai nenhaka yavo uye mashandisiro avanoita nhaka iyi mukutsvaga kwavo ruzivo rwenyika. Kutsvaga uko kutsvaga chokwadi nekuva nenhoroondo kunowanzo kufanirwa kuita nzira yekururamisa kwezvematongerwo enyika uye chiono chetsika-yenhoroondo inogamuchirwa kune masimba akagadzwa.
Paunoshanyira temberi iyi, haugone kuipotsa: inomira zvakanyanya kumaodzanyemba kwepamusoro pegomo reKhao Phanom Rung, gomo rinoputika, uye rinotonga bani rakaitenderedza nenzira inoshamisa uye inogona kunge iri iyo. vavariro yevavaki. Iyi yakaoma yakavakwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana pakati pezana remakore rechigumi neregumi nematatu kubva kune laterite uye sandstone zvinowanzoitika munzvimbo ino. Pakutanga yaive Brahmin Hindu tembere, yakatsaurirwa kuna mwari Shiva uye yaifananidzira nzvimbo yake yengano, Mount Kailash muHimalayas iro, sezvatinoziva tese, ndiko kunobva rwizi runoyera Indus. Nzira yemudungwe yakamisikidzwa nemaruva elotus ane stylized inoenda nechepakati petemberi saka inomiririra rwendo rwemweya rwunoitwa nemupilgrim wese kubva pasi kuenda pakati pechiHindu cosmos. Cosmos, iyo inofananidzirwa neflask-shaped Prang pakati petemberi.
Mumazuva ekubudirira kweAngkor, iyi nhare yeichimbova ine simba zvikuru Khmer Empire yaive nzvimbo yakanakisa yenzvimbo yechitendero-yedzidzo. Nzvimbo yekuzorora panzira yekutonga yaibatanidza Angkor netemberi yePrasat Hin Phimai, iyo yakawedzerwa nematemberi (prasat), zvipatara (arokayasala), dzimba dzevaenzi (dharmasala) nemadhishi makuru emvura (barai).
Mushure mekudonha kweAngkor, kusiyana nemamwe akawanda ezvivakwa zveKhmer, saiti iyi haina kusiiwa zvachose uye saka haina kuwira zvachose pasi pemasimba anoparadza echisikigo. Anthropologists uye masayendisiti etsika zvino vanofungidzira kuti vese vekutanga vagari venzvimbo, kunyanya vakabva kuKhmer neKui, uye Lao neThai vakazogara mudunhu iri, vakaramba vachiona nzvimbo iyi senzvimbo yakakosha yechitendero uko, mushure mekubatanidzwa kweTheravada Buddhism. sezviri pachena yakanga inewo nzvimbo yeanimism yakasimba munzvimbomo nechitendero chemadzitateguru. Mateedzere ekunamatwa kwenzvimbo iyi anogona kuteverwa kumashure kukuru kudzoreredzwa uye kugadziridzwa kweiyi yakaoma kubva kumaXNUMXs. Somuenzaniso, vafambi vanobva kumapurovhinzi eBuriram neSurin, gore negore vari mudungwe muna April, vaiuya netsoka kutemberi phrapheni duean ha sip kham, mutambo wechitendero umo vanhu vainamatira mvura uye dziviriro pamakororo nezvimwe zvinhu zvisingafadzi. Ichokwadi kuti kwemazana emakore munzvimbo yepedyo yePhanom Rung, zvipoko (chao prasat) vakakudzwa pamuti weBodhi. Sezvineiwo, tembere yeMuang Tam iri pazasi pePhanom Rung yakabatanidzwawo mumhemberero idzi. Mushure mezvose, vagari vemo vakatenda zvakasimba kuti mweya wekuchengetedza (pho pu of ta pu) wePhanom Rung, pano aigara…
Muhafu yekupedzisira yezana ramakore regumi nepfumbamwe, Siam yaitsvaga kuzivikanwa kwayo. Nyika yakanga ichiri mukuwedzera kuzere, asi kuperera kwayo kwenzvimbo kwakatyisidzirwa nezvishuwo zvekoloni zvemasimba ekuMadokero. Kuita pfungwa yekuzivikanwa kwaifanirwa kukurudzira pfungwa yekuve nyika uye rudado rwenyika munharaunda yemarudzi mazhinji yaive Siam. Mushure mezvose, nyika yaive patchwork yematunhu ezvematongerwo enyika-kutonga masangano (muangs) idzo dzakanga dzakasunganidzwa pamwe chete muchiyero chisingachinji nemibatanidzwa uye dzakauya bedzi nechinetso pasi pechiremera chimwe chepakati.
Imwe yekutanga yeSiamese inocherekedza kuona kuti nhoroondo chinhu chinotaridza chiitiko chekuzivikanwa yaive Prince Damrong Ratchanuphap (1862-1943). Uyu munun'una wehafu waMambo Chulalongkorn haana kungoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa nekuvandudza kweSiamese dzidzo system, hutano uye manejimendi, asi zvakare yaive ''selfmade munyori wenhoroondo'kuti kana'Baba veThai Historiography' yakave nepesvedzero huru pakuvandudzwa kwekuziva kwenyika uye nzira iyo Siamese / Thai nhoroondo yaive uye iri kutaurwa. Muzvinyorwa zvake akakwanisa kutsiva nyaya dzekare dzekare dzenhoroondo netsika, idzo dzaive musanganiswa asi wenhoroondo isiriyo wengano dzepanyika nedzechitendero nengano, pamwe nenhoroondo yenhoroondo. Nhoroondo yezvakaitika kare, iyo yakazobatsirawo pakuita kuti dzinza reChakri rive rechimanjemanje munguva iyoyo uye yaizove imwe yematombo epakona edzidziso yeThai yenyika uye isingatsananguriki.Thainess'kunzwa kuchiripo mune zvimwe zvikamu zvesosaiti yeThai kusvika nhasi.
Prince Damrong akashanyira iyo yakaoma muna 1929 panguva yerwendo kuburikidza neIsaan, kwaakaperekedzwa nevashoma vanochera matongo uye vanyori venhau dzakaitika, vakaedza kunyanya kumepu zvisaririra zveKhmer Empire. Yakanga iri nguva iyo kunyanya maFrench kumuganhu wekumabvazuva kweSiam, pedyo neAngkor, vakaedza kuita zvakafanana nemapurojekiti makuru ekuchera matongo uye Damrong akanga asingadi kusara. Aida kuratidza nerwendo rwake kuti Siam, kufanana nedzimwe nyika dzose dzakabudirira, yaigona kubata nenhaka yayo nenzira ine mufungo yesayenzi. Munyori wenhoroondo Byrne akatsanangura mafambiro ekuchera matongo eDamrongs muna 2009 se "nzira yekuunganidza zvinyorwa zvemunharaunda kuvaka nhoroondo yenyika' uye akanga ari, mumaonero angu akazvininipisa, akarurama. Damrong akaziva sevamwe vashoma kuti nhaka nezviyeuchidzo zvinogona kuita basa guru mukukurudzira ndangariro dzakaungana dzerudzi rweSiamese rwuri kutora zvishoma nezvishoma. Akafunga Phanom Rung saiti yakasarudzika, iyo biography yenyika yakashanduka kuita dombo. Ndosaka Damrong asiri iye chete wekutanga kutanga kuchengetedza uye - mune ramangwana - kudzoreredzwa kwenzvimbo ino, asi zvakare akakurudzira kukwidziridzwa kwePrasat Hin Khao Phanom Rung kubva kunzvimbo inoera kuenda kune chiyeuchidzo chenyika. Paive zvekare ne-yakavanzika- geopolitical divi rekusimudzira iyi temberi yakaoma nekuti Damrong akaedzawo kuratidza kuti inobwinya yeKhmer yapfuura - hongu yainyanya kutaurwa nevaCambodian - yaingove chikamu chisinga patsanurwe chenhoroondo yeSiamese….
Mutsara unokakavara wepfungwa, kutaura zvishoma, uye zvechokwadi muCambodia, iyo yakarambwa muPnomh Pen sekuedza kusingafadzi pakudzokorora kwenhoroondo. Kupokana pamusoro petemberi iri pedyo yePrasat Preah Vihear kunoratidza nanhasi kuti nyaya iyi yakaoma sei. Pakasarudza Dare Repasi Pose reKutonga richitsigira Cambodia panyaya yaPrasat Preah Vihear muna 1962, maonero eruzhinji muThailand akavhunduka uye kusatenda uye kuratidzira kukuru kwakaitika. Kwangopera gore, muna Ndira 1963, pamwe nekudzvinyirirwa nedzimwe nyika, Thailand yakabvisa mauto ayo kubva munzvimbo iyi yetemberi, asi makumi emakore akatevera uye kusvika zvino kurwisana uku kwakaramba kuchipisa, nenhamo yakaderera iri kurwisana kwemuganhu kwakamuka mukati. 2011 uye akasiya gumi nemaviri akafa uye akakuvara.
Asi kudzokera kuPrasat Hin Khao Phanom Rung. Muna 1935, makore matanhatu mushure mekushanya kwaDamrongs, temberi yakavharwa nechirevo chakaitwa Government Gazette (n. 52- chitsauko 75) yakabudiswa, yakadzivirirwa sechiyeuchidzo chenyika. Zvakadaro zvaizotora makore anoda kusvika makumi matatu basa rakakosha risati raitwa pakudzoreredza nekubatanidzwa mune zvakarongwa Historical Park. Mushure mezvidzidzo zvekugadzirira zvinodiwa uye basa mu1971s, panguva iyo hurumende yeThai yaigona kuvimba neunyanzvi hweBP Groslier naP. Pichard, nyanzvi mbiri dzeFrench UNESCO, kudzorerwa kwechokwadi kwakatanga muna XNUMX. Phimai akabatwawo munguva imwe chete. Semunhu aimbove mushandi wenhaka, ndinogona kungotenda kuti muPhanom Rung, kusiyana nePhimai, kudzoreredza 'kunyoro' kwakasarudzwa, izvo zvakangowedzera huchokwadi.
Zvinocherechedzwa kuti akati wandei ezvidzidzo zvekuchera matongo zvakaburitswa munguva yeKudzoreredzwa umo vadzidzi veThai vakadai saManit Wailliphodom (1961), MC Subhadradis Diskul (1973) naPrincess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn (1978), vachitsanangudza pamusoro pekare, kunyanya French. Zvidzidzo zveKhmer, zvakapa dudziro yakafemerwa nerudzi rwezvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo panzvimbo ino zvakasimbisa temberi munhoroondo yenyika yeThailand. Kuvhurwazve kwenzvimbo iyi muna 1988 kwakaperekedzwa nechimwe chiitiko chakaputirwa nenyika, chinoti kudzoka kwedombo repamusoro rePra Narai kubva kutanga kwemaXNUMX. temberi yakabiwa uye yakazowanikwamo zvisinganzwisisike Art Institute yakaitika muChicago. Maonero eruzhinji eThai akada kudzoka uye kunyangwe iro rakakurumbira bhendi redombo muIsaan carabao akashevedzwa kuti adzorere ichi chikamu chinokosha chenhaka. Mushandirapamwe uyu unogona kuonekwa sechinjo. Zvikamu zvakakura zvehuwandu hweThai zvakange zvave kuziva kukosha kwePhanom Rung uye nenzvimbo yakakosha iyo nhaka yeKhmer tsika yakagara mundangariro yenyika.
Mushure mekuvhurwazve kwe heritage park muna 1988 rwendo rwegore negore rwakashandurwa kuva chiitiko chetsika. Chiratidziro chemazuva matatu chakanyatso kutyora nehunhu hwenzvimbo-yechinamato uye inonyanya kuitirwa kukwezva uye kukwezva vashanyi. Hazvisi pasina kuti izvi zvinosimudzirwa zvakanyanya nehurumende yepurovhinzi uye hofisi yevashanyi yeBuriram, vanoedza kunyengerera vashanyi vanonyengerera kuti ichi chiratidziro chekitschy chinodzokera kutsika yemakore chiuru. Prasat Hin Khao Phanom Rung nhasi ave muenzaniso weizvo munyori wenhoroondo uye Thailand nyanzvi Maurizio Peleggi '.Zvematongerwo enyika zvematongo uye bhizinesi re nostalgia ' kufona. Uye chokwadi handizive kana ndichifanira kufara nazvo...
Nyaya yakanaka, Lung Jan, yandaifarira kuverenga. Unodhirowa mutsara wakanaka uye wakarurama pakati pekare neazvino. The nationalistic historiography, khwaampenthai, Thainess, Thai identity haisi yechokwadi zvakanyanya sechinangwa chekutsigira pfungwa yevanhu yekubatana. Zvisinei, mugumisiro wacho hauna chokwadi. Vanhu vazhinji vanonzwa zvakanyanya Lao, Thai Lue, Khmer, Malay nezvimwe kupfuura Thai.
Ini chaizvo handina chekuwedzera kunze kwechimwe chinhu nezve zita rekuti Prasat Hin Khao Phanom Rung
mumabhii echiThai ปราสาทหินพนมรุ้ง apo, zvisinei, izwi rekuti เขา khao 'chikomo, gomo' haripo.
Prasat (pronounced praasaat tones middle, low) zvinoreva 'palace, temple, castle', hin (tone rising) zvinoreva 'dombo' semuHua Hin, phanom (matoni maviri epakati) ishoko chairo reKhmer uye rinoreva 'gomo, chikomo' sezvakaita Nakhorn Phanom uye Phnom Pen; rung (roeng, high-pitched) zvinoreva 'murarabungu'. 'Temberi yeDombo paGomo reRainbow', chimwe chinhu chakadaro. Khao nePhanom idiki remaviri, ese ari 'gomo, chikomo'. .
Heino chinongedzo kune yakanaka inopindirana mepu yeiyi yakaoma. Famba nayo pafoni yako.
http://virtualhistoricalpark.finearts.go.th/phanomrung/360/phanomrung.html
Chokwadi mepu yakanaka yekudyidzana ine mikana yakawanda yekuona ruzivo. Ndatenda!
Nhau yakanaka, temberi yakanaka (ndakamboendako). Damrong akagadzira nhoroondo kuti ienderane neBangkok uye haana dambudziko rekunyorazve nhoroondo nenzira yainyatsokodzera Siam (verenga Bangkok). Zvese zveThainess.
"mibatanidzwa uye nekunetseka chete kwakauya pasi pechiremera chimwe chete." Uku ndiko kuderera kwakanaka kweiyo yemukati colonization yezvino yava Thailand.
Zie ok: https://www.thailandblog.nl/achtergrond/isaaners-zijn-geen-thai-wie-mag-zich-thai-noemen-het-uitwissen-van-de-plaatselijke-identiteit/
Yakanaka sei temberi.Ndakaonawo Anggor achinakidza kwazvo.Asi izvi zvakakoshawo kushanyirwa.
Nyaya inodzidzisa zvikuru nezveiyi temberi yakanaka. Iri pachikomo chakakwirira munzvimbo yakati sandara, iyi temberi yeKhmer inofanirwa kushanyirwa. Nekuda kwekushanya kwangu kumhuri yeThai inogara pedyo nePrakhon Chai, ndakashanyira temberi iyi kakawanda mumakore achangopfuura.
Pashanyo yangu yokupedzisira, anenge makore gumi apfuura, ndakawana Hindu linga, marble phallus, munzvimbo yakaoma. Ndakanga ndatoona vamwe mutemberi muMammalapuram mudunhu reIndia reTamil Nadu. Mutariri wangu weThai anga asingazive kuti mufananidzo uyu unomiririrei…
Lung Jan ndatenda neruzivo rwako rwekumashure. Takazoendako muna February, apo kwakanga kusina vaenzi vapi navapi, kuti ndigogona kuona nokutora mifananidzo zvinhu zvose panguva yandainge ndazorora. Ndakashanyira Muang Tam zuva rekutanga masikati uye Phanom Rung zuva rakatevera ndakafadzwa, iyo yakaoma yaive yakakura kupfuura yandaitarisira. Nomuzvarirwo, zvinomutsa ndangariro dzeAngkor Wat.
Kune chero ani zvake anoda kuenda kuno, usakanganwa kushanyira Muang Tam zvakare!
Mutambo wepagore uri muvhiki yekutanga yaApril. Vagari venzvimbo vanodirana kuchikomo kuClimbing Khao Phanom Rung Mutambo: nhanho yekutamba yechinyakare uye maratidziro akareruka.