Iyo isingazivikanwe Railway yeRufu

Mikado 962 steam locomotive ndangariro uye museum paKra Isthmus Railway yakavakirwa Imperial Japan panguva yeHondo Yenyika II inobatanidza Chumphon neKra Buri muThailand - Amnat Phuthamrong / Shutterstock.com

Ndanga ndichishanda kwemakore mashoma pane bhuku umo inenge yakakanganwa nyaya ye romusha edza kuvaka patsva. WHO? Ndanzwa uchibvunza...  Romusha rakanga riri zita remubatanidzwa revashandi vekuAsia vakazvidira uye vakamanikidzwa vakaiswa nevagari vekuJapan mukuvaka nekuchengetedza njanji yeThai-Burma, iyo munguva pfupi yakakurumidza kuzivikanwa kana kuti yakashata seyakashata. Railway yeRufu, iyo Railroad yeRufus....

Pandakatanga kunyora bhuku iri, ndaifunga kuti ndainyatsoziva zvakaitika kuThailand neBurma mumakore ehondo, asi tsvakiridzo yangu payakaramba ichienderera mberi ndakakurumidza kuona kuti ndaiziva zvishoma nezvemutambo uyu. Mukupesana nemabhuku asingaverengeki, anowanzo autobiographical, umo kutambura uye kufa kwemakumi ezviuru zveAllied vasungwa vehondo zvakadzokororwa avo vakamanikidzwa kutora chikamu mukuvakwa kwenjanji iyi, hapana kana bhuku chero ripi zvaro pamusoro pekuguma kweiyo njanji. romusha. Aya maBurmese, Shan, Mon, Karen, Malays, Tamils, Indians, Javanese, Ambonese, Chinese, Thai and Vietnamese haana kungonyangarika panyama chete asiwo - nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana - zvinoita kunge zvakadzimwa kana kudzvinyirirwa kubva muhondo yemubatanidzwa yeAsia. ndangariro .

Kuburikidza nekutsvagisa kwangu mumatura akawanda, ndakaona, semuenzaniso, kuti nhamba yepamutemo ye270.000 romusha yakatumirwa mushure mehondo neAllies yaive isingatarisire yakakosha yenhamba chaiyo, inogona kunge iri pedyo nehafu yemiriyoni uye kunyange yakakwira ... Ditto yehuwandu hwekufa kwevanhu vanosvika zviuru makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe, izvo chaizvo zvingangopfuura zviuru zana nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri ezviuru ... Semuyenzaniso, ini ndakaonawo kuti hurumende yeThailand yakakwanisa sei kushandisa chikamu chikuru chevanhu vasingafarirwe nemadzinza echiChinese mukuvaka mauto eJapan munyika.

Chakandishamisa zvikuru, kunyanguvezvo, chakanga chiri chokuti ndakawana kuti hapana njanji imwe asi mbiri dzenjanji pakati peThailand neBurma dzakavakwa namaJapan. Anenge munhu wose anoziva, kana chete nekutora mafirimu ane tsanga yemunyu Mabhiriji paRwizi Kwai njanji yakabatanidza Kanchanaburi yeThailand pamusoro peTatu Pagodas Pass nenzvimbo huru yemauto eJapan paThanbyuzayat muBurma. Muna May 1943, maJapan akatanga kuvaka njanji yechipiri pakati peThailand neBurma.

Chitima chidiki chinobvumwa chine nzira ye 'chete' 90 km iyo yave kukanganwika nhasi, kunyangwe muThailand. Zvisinei, pakava nevakawanda vakakuvadzwa muchiyero. Musiyano chete ne'Big Brother' ndewekuti maAsia chete uye kwete musungwa mumwechete weAllied wehondo vakabatanidzwa mukuvakwa kwayo. Uye iyi yakaenzana epic uye inoshamisa nyaya yakaguma yaguma munhoroondo. Iyo yakawedzera kumaodzanyemba kweKra Isthmus Railway yakavakirwa kubatanidza Chumphon yeThailand, chiteshi chakakosha cheSouthern Thailand Railway paIsthmus yeKra, neVictoria Point (yava kunzi Kawthaung) muBurma. Kunyangwe iyo yekupedzisira ichifanira kuiswa muchimiro nekuti chiteshi chechitima ichi chaive Ban Khao Fa Chi, musha wekubata hove paLa Un. Kubva pano zvinhu zvakatorwa nechikepe pamwe neKra kuenda kuVictoria Point.

Nhaurirano dzekuvakwa kwenjanji iyi dzakaitika pakati paColonel Yamada, mumiriri wemauto wemumiriri weJapan muBangkok, naPhisit Disaphong Ditsakul akamiririra hurumende yeThai. Maererano nezvapupu zvinoverengeka, idzi kurukurirano dzakanga dzisina kurongwa uye dzakaitirwa pamba paYamada paWireless Road. Kukushamiswa kwevaJapan, vaThai vakanga vachida kuita zvakawanda kupfuura zvavaifungidzira. Iyo Thais yaisazovaka chete nzvimbo yakatsetseka, asi zvakare kuvaka mabhiriji uye dhiraivha system yaizodzivirira mutsetse kubva mafashama munguva yekunaya kwemvura. VaJapan, nokuda kwavo, vaiva nebasa rokuvaka njanji chaiyo uye zvimwe zvivakwa. Njanji dzakabviswa nemaJapan kubva kune njanji yaivepo muKelantan, Malaysia ndokuendeswa nechikepe kuThailand.

Amnat Phuthamrong / Shutterstock.com

Chibvumirano ichi chakaitwa nemasaini emutungamiri wehurumende yeThai Marshal Phibun Songkhram naGeneral Nakamura Aketo, mukuru wemauto eJapan muBangkok. Hazvina kunyatsojeka kuti ndiani aita basa rekupedzisira kugadzirwa kwenjanji iyi, asi Futamatsu Yoshihiko, aimbove mainjiniya paJapan National Railways, anogona kunge akabatsira zvikuru mukugadzira zvirongwa. Akakwanisa kushandisa zvinhu zvekutarisira uye mashoma magadzirirwo ayo maBritish akange aita makumi mashoma emakore apfuura kuti awane kuwana kwakadaro uye kuti mauto eJapan muMalaysia akakwanisa kuisa maoko avo pa…

Nekuda kwekuti hurumende yemauto yeJapan yaive nenguva yakawanda mushure mekupihwa simba rekuparadza magwaro ese, hatizombozivi kuti vanhu vangani vakabatanidzwa muchirongwa ichi. Vashoma vevanyori venhoroondo vakadzidza nezveKra Isthmus Railway vanofungidzira kuti pakati pe60.000 ne1500.000 Malay, Tamils, Chinese neThais vakashandiswa mukuvaka nekuchengetedza mutsara uyu. Vashandi veThai vakatorwa nemakondirakiti akasungwa nehurumende. Vazhinji vavo vaive verudzi rwechiChinese avo vakabviswa nechisimba kubva kumapurovhinzi matanhatu ekuchamhembe mukutanga kwa1943 uye vakahaiwa muBangkok kuburikidza neChinese Chamber of Commerce kuti vavake njanji iyi. Mazana akati wandei edzinza Thais, kunyanya vashandi vasina hunyanzvi, vaive vazvipirawo pakutanga, asi vazhinji vavo vakasiya mushure memwedzi kana miviri, vachisiya makondirakiti nevadiki vavo vachigara vachitsvaga vashandi vatsva.

Nhoroondo shoma dzezvapupu zvakaona dzakapukunyuka pamusoro pekuvakwa kwetambo iyi dzinobvumirana zvakakwana pachinhu chimwe: Mamiriro ekushanda pamutsetse uyu aityisa. Basa raiitwa maawa 24 pazuva mugadziriro yemaawa gumi nemaviri. Chikafu chaive chemigove uye chishoma. Zvirwere zvinotyisidzira hupenyu zvakaita sekorera, dysentery neberi-beri zvakakonzera nhamba huru yevakabatwa nekuti pakange pasina vashandi vakadzidziswa vekurapa vaivepo uye mishonga isinganyanyozivikanwa yaive isipo. Varwere vaifa vaiwanzovigwa vari vapenyu... Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vanosvika zviuru makumi maviri vakafa paivakwa njanji yeKra Isthmus Railway.

Kumhanya kwegehena uye zviito zveutsinye, zvehutsinye zvevarindi veJapan neKorea zvaireva kuti basa rakapedzwa mumwedzi ye7 chete. Zvakadaro tambo iyi yaisaramba ichishanda kwerimwe gore. Muna November 1944, 20 vakawa musununguri Mabhomba eBritish Royal Air Force akarwisa njanji uye kuiswa kwechiteshi panzizi dzeLa Un neKra. Musi waKukadzi 20 naKurume 19, 1945, yaive nguva yechiteshi cheChumpon nenzvimbo dzekutakura zvinhu. 80 mabhomba imwe neimwe Strategic Air Force Eastern Air Command, inosanganisira B-24 Mabhomba of the US Army Air Force en Vasununguri of the Royal Air Force nounyanzvi akaparadza zvivakwa zvose. Ndiko kwaive kupera kweKra Isthmus Railway, kuvakwa kwayo kwakadhura ropa rakawanda, dikita nemisodzi ...