Kugadziriswa kwakaoma kwehondo yeThai yapfuura
Romusha mudzimba dzemuchipatara (Mufananidzo: Australian War Memorial)
Zvino anenge makore 76 apfuura, pana August 15, 1945, Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakapera nokukanda mapfumo pasi kweJapan. Izvi zvakapfuura zvakaramba zvisina kugadziriswa muSoutheast Asia yese uye zvakare muThailand.
Somuenzaniso, funga nezvenyaya inosuruvarisa yeromusha, mazana ezviuru zvevanhu vokuAsia vakatumirwa kutsigira hondo yeJapan. Zvisinei nekurasikirwa kwavo kukuru uye kunotyisa, vaRomusha vakatamburira uye vanoramba vachinetseka kusvika nhasi kuti vawane nzvimbo mundangariro dzavo dzepasi rose uye munhoroondo yepasi rose. Pane zvikonzero zvakati kuti nei uku kushaikwa kunoshamisa kwazvo. Chekutanga uye chikuru, uye izvi hazvigone kusimbiswa zvakakwana, vasara varomusha vaisavimba nerutsigiro rwechimiro chekuti ivo, sevaimbove vasungwa vehondo vekuMadokero, vaigona kudzokera shure mushure mehondo.
Hapana kana mumwe zvake akanzwa kudanwa kuita semutauriri wavo, ndoda murevereri wavo. Uyezve, vazhinji vavo vakanga vasingagoni kuverenga nokunyora, zvinoreva kuti hapana kana tsime rechokwadi rine chokuita nezvakaitika kwavari rakachengetwa, tisingarevi kuti mugumo wavo wakapiwa nzwisa yakafanana mumapepanhau nezvinyorwa munyika dzavakabva sezvazvakanga zvakaita nokuda kwavaizodzoka. Vabatanidzwa vasungwa vehondo. Chetatu, pane chokwadi chisingarambike chekuti vaRomusha vazhinji munguva yeHondo Yenyika II vaive vagari venzvimbo dzakasunungurwa neJapan. makoloni.' Dambudziko ravo rakafuratirwa zvachose serisingakodzeri mukati mezvinyorwa zvenhoroondo munhoroondo yekukunda mushure mehondo yemarudzi echidiki muSoutheast Asia akange achangobva kuzvisunungura kubva pajoko reukoloni.
Hondo Yenyika II yakanga yaita kuti kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika, madzinza, uye kunyange zvechitendero kusati kwatanga hondo kuwedzere. Mazhinji emakakatanwa aya aive nemidzi yawo kana kuti akarimwa mukati kana pasi pehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri. Muaya mashoko, kunofanira kuyeukwa kuti kunyika dzakawanda dziri muSoutheast Asia, kukanda mapfumo pasi kweJapan hakuna kuguma nokuguma kwechisimba kana kuti kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kuzvitonga zvematongerwe enyika. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakadai seIndonesia neBurma, mugwagwa wakareba uye une ropa waifanira kufukidzwa joko rekoloni risati razununguswa. Nekushungurudzika kwese kwakauya nazvo. Kubatwa zvisina tsitsi kwavagari vemo kwaiitwa navaJapan mumwe cheteyo avo vamwe vevakuru vakuru muhondo yokurwira rusununguko vakanga vagadzira makeke anopisa munguva yehondo kwakanga kusingafadzi uye, pamusoro pazvose, ndangariro isingadikanwi uye naizvozvo yakadzvinyirirwa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. . Somugumisiro, dzakawanda dzendangariro dzehondo dzeAsia dzakashandurwa kupfuura kuzivikanwa. Kana kuti vakangonyararwa kana kucheneswa. Kunze kweizvozvo, kune chokwadi zvakare kucherechedzwa kuri nyore kuti mumashure mehondo, kuvaka patsva uye kwete kurangarira ndiko kwaive kukoshesa kukuru kwenyika dzakabatanidzwa.
Vaive Chancellor weGermany VaRichard von Weizsacker vakambotaura kuti vanhu vanofanira kuziva pavamire nezvakaitika kare kuitira kuti vasazorasika panguva ino. Tsanangudzo iyo, ichitaura nezvechiyeuchidzo cheHondo Yenyika II, ingangowira panzeve dzisina matsi muSoutheast Asia ... Kana pane tsika yekuyeuka yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri muSoutheast Asia, yakasiyana zvikuru netsika yekuyeuka mu West. Nepo muAsia musina ngwariro ipi neipi nokuda kwavanyajambwa, kuMadokero kunonyanyonangidzirwa pavanyajambwa. Uyezve, tsika yekuMadokero yekurangarira inoratidzirwa neinodudzwa dualism inoshandura mune zvandinozeza kutsanangura se isu-ivo kufunga. MaNazi nevaibatsirana navo vaive mapengo chaiwo, vateveri vehuipi hwakanyanya. Iyo inzira yekuparadzanisa nhoroondo yeNazism uye kubatana kubva kune yedu. Izvi zvinotungamirira mukusarura muhutano hwezvakaitika kare: inhoroondo yevamwe, vatadzi ... kwete yedu. Nekutevera neupofu mutsara uyu wekufunga wakareruka, isu tinozviitira nyore isu pachedu, hatifanirwe kubvunza mibvunzo kana kutsoropodza uye, pamusoro pezvose, chimiro chedu chezvematongerwo enyika chakanaka nechakaipa hachikanganisike...
Romusha mushure mekusununguka (Mufananidzo: Australian War Memorial)
MuSoutheast Asia, hunyambiri uhwu hunenge husipo zvachose. Kune vazhinji, Japan yakanga isati yambove dhiabhorosi munyama uye haichazombove. Hazvina mhosva kuti vangani vakaurayiwa vakatambura uye kuti kusuruvara kwakadini kwakakonzerwa ... Vakawanda veBurmese, asiwo maIndonesians, semuenzaniso, vanotaura zvakajeka kuti kubatwa kweJapan kwakakonzera uye kwakakurudzira kupesana nekolonialism. Ndeupi munyori wenhoroondo angavapomera?
Kunyangwe hazvo Thailand yaisafanirwa kunetsana neiyi geopolitical kana anti-colonial dimension, iyo nyaya yeThai-Burma njanji uye nekuwedzera Hondo Yenyika Yese yechipiri yakawana nzvimbo isinganzwisisike muThai muunganidzwa wendangariro. Mafungiro ayo hurumende yeThai - inotungamirwa naMussolini admirer Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram - yakatorwa munguva yehondo, yakafemerwa nemukana wakashata uye isina kupokana zvachose, yakave nechokwadi chekuti Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri inotora nzvimbo isingafadzi muThai nhoroondo kusvika nhasi. Nhoroondo yeThai hainyatso kuzivikanwa seyakavimbika mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu uye vanyori venhoroondo vekuThai - nemamwe mashoma mashoma - haawanzo kupupurira maitiro ekutsoropodza kune nhoroondo yakarongwa nemasimba akagadzwa.
Kuzarura Tamarkan Monument Kanchanaburi 1944 (Mufananidzo: Australian War Memorial)
Yeuko yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, yakatocheneswa pazvinenge zvichidikanwa, haifanirwe kuwana tarisiro yakawandisa uye inofanira kuratidzwa zvishoma sezvinobvira. Nepo mune dzimwe nyika dzine nhoroondo yakafanana, zviyeuchidzo, mamuseum uye marudzi ese ezvinyorwa zvinovaka uye kuchengetedza ndangariro, hapana humbowo hweizvi muThailand. Mukuona kwangu, ihwo hutsika hwemafungiro aya kuti Thailand, kusiyana neSingapore, Philippines kana kunyange Burma, haina zororo renyika iyo hondo inorangarirwa. Nekudaro, nyika haina kushomeka kwezororo ...
Ndangariro dzinogara dzichichinja dudziro nerevo. Sekuona kwangu, hapana chinoratidza izvi zviri nani kupfuura nzira iyo nyika inotenda kuti inofanira kubata nenzvimbo dzinorangarira nguva dzinorwadza munhoroondo yavo uye magadzirirwo avanoita zviitiko izvi mutsika yavo yekurangarira. Kana kutarisisa kwakabhadharwa muThailand kune njodzi yeThai-Burma njanji (s), chinotariswa chiri pa Farang, vasungwa vehondo vokuMadokero. Symptomatic yeGreat Forgetting ndeyekuti mune maviri makuru Railway Museums padyo neKanchanaburi: Thailand-Burma Railway Center uye JEATH-museum hamheno kana kutariswa romusha. Kunyangwe, maererano neThailand-Burma Railway Center, a - ane mwero - sleeve ichangobva kugadziriswa. In Hellfire Pass ndangariro dzeRomusha dzinochengetwa dziri mhenyu, asi kuvhurwa uye manejimendi enzvimbo ino yanga isiri Thai asi chirongwa cheAustralia.
Kubva munaKurume 1944 - zvakadaro panguva yehondo - danho rekutanga rakatorwa rekurangarira zviuru zvakarasikirwa nehupenyu panguva yekuvakwa kwakaoma kwenjanji yeThai-Burma. Sezvineiwo kana zvinoshamisa, vakatanga vaive maJapan. Pamahombekombe eKwae kusiri kure nemabhiriji eTha Makham, kongiri yakapfava cenotaph, mbiru yechirangaridzo yeavo vaiva nenzvimbo yokuzororera yokupedzisira kune imwe nzvimbo, yakavakwa maererano negadziriro yakaitwa nomumwe mainjiniya enjanji. Pamakona mana emadziro akapoteredza cenotaph, ma<em>marble plaques eChirungu, Dutch, Thai, Burmese, Tamil, Malay, Indonesian neVietnamese akapa rukudzo kune avo vakarasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo mukuvakwa kwenjanji yeThai-Burma . Ibwe rakasiyana kuseri kwekoramu rine memento yevakafa mauto eJapan nevashandiwo zvavo. Zvinoenderana nengano, marble slabs pakanyorwa zvinyorwa izvi pakutanga aive matafura etafura akatorwa nemaJapan kubva kumhuri dzeSino-Thai muBangkok.
Kuvhurwa kwechirangaridzo ichi kwakangomutsa - uye kuchiri kuenderera mberi nanhasi - manzwiro akasiyana-siyana pakati pevasungwa vehondo veAllied uye pamwe pakati pevaromusha. Chinoramba chiri chishamiso nemaJapan, asi zvakakosha kuti mauto eJapan, semuvambi wepurojekiti iyi yaidhura zvakanyanya maererano nehupenyu hwevanhu, akaziva kuti kuvakwa kwenjanji kwakakonzera vanhu vazhinji uye vakati makumi zviuru zvehupenyu… Hurumende yeThai yakapa - uye nekupa masevhisi akafambisa kuvakwa kwenjanji iyi ine mukurumbira wakashata, haina kumbobvira yaita izvi zviri pamutemo...
Chiyeuchidzo chechipiri chakavakwa nemaJapan pedyo neKanchanaburi. Muna 1995 yakava Lat Ya Peace Memorial Park yakavhurwa munzira kubva kuKanchanaburi kuenda kuErawan waterfall. Icho chiito chezvisingazivikanwi Komiti yeJapan yeRunyararo rweAsia, iyo inoda kuchengetedza ndangariro dzevose vakabatwa, kusanganisira romusha, Japanese nemaKorea. Kuburikidza negedhi rakaita sechiShinto rine runyoro rwechienzi Yamato damashi , yakashandurwa zvakasununguka 'mweya werudzi rweYamato', mumwe anosvika pachiyeuchidzo chakashongedzwa nemireza yeGreat Britain, Australia, Netherlands, Thailand, Japan neSouth Korea. Padombo reblue-ne-white rine logo rakada kufana nereUnited Nations, 'Vashandi veAsia' kurangarirwa.
3.770 Allied vakakuvara, 3.149 kubva kuBritish Commonwealth uye mazana matanhatu nemakumi maviri nevaDutch vakafira muBurma vacharangarirwa munguva pfupi. Thanbyuzayat War Cemetery. 6.511 Commonwealth vakabatwa uye 2.206 vanhu vechiDutch vanoyeukwa muThailand pa Chungkai War Cametry en Kanchanaburi War Cemetery. 11 masoja eIndia akavigwa zvakasiyana kumakuva echiMuslim munzvimbo iyi anoyeukwa pairi. Kanchanaburi Memorial pedyo nomukova waro War kumakuva. Mitsetse yakatsetseka yematombo emakuva inoita seinoramba ichienderera mberi mumakuva aya, ichichengetwa netarisiro inooneka. Zvakadaro, hakuna makuva kana makuva evaromusha vakashaya paivakwa njanji mbiri dzeThai-Burma. Nerombo rakanaka, nekuda kweruoko runobatsira rweshamwari, vakapihwa nekuchimbidza kuchera nzvimbo yekuzorora isina kudzika mugwenzi kana mune rimwe guva revanhu rakakanganwa kwenguva refu. Mamwe akaraswa semarara mune rumwe rwizi kana kuorera musango... Imwe chete - mushure mekufa - kunze: Mushure mekunge guva revanhu vakawanda rawanikwa muKanchanaburi muna Mbudzi 1990, zvisaririra zvakapiswa. Pasina mhemberero yakawanda vakavigwa pasi pehuvandaichivako cheguva mumakuva eSino-Thai eKanchanaburi, mazana mashoma emamita kubva pakukura. Kanchanaburi War Cemetery. Nekudaro, hapana izwi rekutsanangura rinogona kuwanikwa pane saiti….
Inogona kufananidzira nzira iyo kuguma kwavo kwapera kubva mukuziva kwakabatana nezvehondo muPacific. Kunyanya kuMadokero, uko kune maitiro ekutarisa zvakanyanya pane zvinotyisa zvakaitika zveAllied vasungwa vehondo pachitima cheThai-Burma. Vanyori, vangave vanyori venhoroondo kana masayendisiti etsika seni, vanopa monologues nezvekare. Nhaurirano iripo kune dzimwe nyika…. Pamaonero ehunhu nenhoroondo, inopfuura nguva yekuti romusha vasara vataure nyaya yavo uye kutambura kwavo kukazozivikanwa. Kana chete semhinduro kune kusakendenga nekusaziva ivo vakatambura kwemakumi emakore. Kudai kungoitira ruramisiro vasingaverengeki vanyajambwa vakasiiwa ikoko uye vane mapfupa, ari kupera pasi pezuva rakajeka romunzvimbo dzinopisa, anodonhedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma asi anoramba ari mavhiri enguva. Kusvika ndangariro dzapera...
Ndinofunga inyaya inonakidza uye ndinokutendai zvakare nayo.
Nhoroondo inofanirwa kuudzwa kudzivirira kudzokororwa kwayo, asi zvinosuruvarisa kuti iripo inoratidza kuti kuchine vanhu vazhinji vane hunhu hwekutanga uye vangatodzokera kunguva yatapfuura kare.
Sekuona kwangu, zvirambidzo parusununguko rwakakwana zvakanaka kurwisa mapenzi akadaro. Mune imwe nyika, kukanda mapfumo pasi hakuzoitiki kuti udzivirire zvitendero zvakawanda. Hutongi hwakasarudzwa husina chokwadi hunofungawo seizvi uye ini nemhuri yese tiri kufara nazvo.
Wadiwa Johnny, handikwanise kushandura maitiro ako kuita chokoreti. Mabhukwana echiThai akajairwa haana kunyanya kutaura nhoroondo isina kujeka asi anonyanya kutaura nezvemagamba achipesana newakaipa. Kana kuti inoramba isina kutaurwa, semuenzaniso basa rePhibun uye kugadzira nemaJapan. Kana kuti unoreva pfungwa huru yokurumbidza mutungamiriri ane simba, ane masimba masimba? Pane chimwe chinhu kune izvozvo, hongu. Iko hakuna nyika ine rusununguko rwakakwana (anarchism!), Asi Thailand inoziva zvekuita nekudzvanyirira rusununguko nesimba. Semuyenzaniso, zvakatora nhamburiko huru kubvisa Phibun pachigaro chake chehudzvanyiriri, musasa wehumambo hwaive hwakanyanya kurwisa Phibhoni neshamwari dzake dzemauto. Pakangoshanduka mafungu muAsia uye Thaiswo zvake akanyanya kudzvinyirirwa ndipo pakazopera simba Phibun zvishoma nezvishoma uye kutya kuchinjira kuSeri Thai (nevamambo, Pridi, vatungamiriri veIsaan, mauto emugungwa, nezvimwewo) musasa wakanyangarika. Kuti Pridi nenhamba dzedemocracy (kutanga uye vatungamiriri veIsaan) vakaiswa parutivi mushure mekupera kwehondo nekutyisidzirwa, kuponda uye nezvimwe zvakadaro, handifunge kuti zvinoratidzwa zvakanyanya muThailand. Nenguva isipi kwakange kwave nemumwe mudzvanyiriri wababa / mutungamiriri ane chiremera uye kukudzwa kwaidiwa.
Kana zvematongerwo enyika zvinouraya zvisati zvatotsanangurwa, saka ndine tariro shoma yokuti kutambura kwevanhu (vanhu, chaizvoizvo) kuchatsanangurwa. Hurumende inosarudza kuzvirumbidza pachayo uye vatungamiri vayo kumatenga uye hatitauri zvimwe ... Saka ndinoda chaizvo kuonga Jan nekusasiya kutambura kusina kukurukurwa.
chinyorwa chakanyatsonyorwa chenhoroondo, icho chinowanzoonekwa sechisingaite kururamisira kune vashoma, 'vakashungurudzwa'.
Ndatenda zvikuru netsananguro uye pakupedzisira chimwe chidimbu chakanyanya kukosha kuverenga. Mufaro.
Uye zvakare une maKorea, akasunungurwa kubva kumaJapan mushure mekunge bhomba reatomu radonhedzwa, mushure memakumi emakore ekuedza kudzima tsika dzeKorea.
Chinyorwa chakanaka. Uye sezvaunotaura mumucheto, izvi zvakasiyana muSingapore: hapana mincing inotaurwa pamusoro pehutsinye hweJapan. Vazhinji vekuSingapore veChinese vakaurairwa munzvimbo inozikanwa nemunhu wese (inotambwa, inonzi ine hasha) kana kufira muJeri reChangi (kune miziyamu).
Ini ndakaberekwa muna 1942 uye pamwe nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwaamai vangu, vakaita kuti vanhu vazhinji vechiJudha vaende kunohwanda, ndinonyatsoziva nezvekutyisa kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri muEurope uyewo nezvebasa rakaipa revanhu vazhinji veDutch. Ini ndinoona tsananguro yenhoroondo muSE Asia inonakidza kwazvo uye ndinorumbidza kutariswa kwakabhadharwa kune vakakuvadzwa, izvo vanyori vedu venhoroondo vanofuratira zvakare. Ndinoona zvichikatyamadza kubvuma kuti hapana nzvimbo muThailand yezvidzidzo izvi kubva kare. Vazhinji veThais zvakare havadi kuziva zvakaitika uye basa rakaitwa nevatongi veThai. Panyaya iyi hapana chakachinja. VaThais vachiri kuvhara maziso avo kune izvo zvinoitwa nevanamati vehusiku namambo wavo uye nekutevera neupofu zvese zvinogoneka zvinongedzo kubva kumatembere, mazhinji ayo ivo vasingatombonzwisise zvirimo kana basa racho. Kusatarisisa zvakanyanya kunenge zvese munharaunda yeThai yakadzika midzi zvekuti zvinoita sekunge zvisingaite kuchinja izvi. Uye kana hongu…. ipapo zvichava muitiro wemarudzi mazhinji. Ndofunga.
Nyaya yakanaka inobata zvakawanda munguva pfupi.
Nezve maJapan, ini ndinoona kuti vanosangana nekushanya kuKanchanaburi uye njanji yekuyambuka semhando yepaki yekunakidzwa, asi iyo saiti yese inobatsira kune izvi nemaresitorendi ayo anoyangarara, discos uye dzimba dzevaenzi.
Ndakamboona bhaisikopo rakanaka uye rinoshamisa romumwe wokuMadokero anoziva mutambudzi wake mubhuku renhungamiro rechiJapan munzvimbo imwe cheteyo yekare, izvo zvinotungamirira kuushamwari hwakadzama. Kukanganwa musoro wemufirimu.
Ndiro raive firimu rinonakidza "The Railway Man"
Kutarisa kure, kudzvinyirira mupfungwa, kukanganwa, kusambotaura nezvazvo zvakare haisi yakajairika hunhu hweThai, asi inoitika muSE Asia yese. Muenzaniso: Kupondwa kwevanhu vakawanda veCambodia pachayo neKmer Rouge. Hapana munhu anotaura nezvazvo zvakare uye kana ukatanga kutaura nezvazvo, vaCambodian vanobva vaenda ... Kunzwisisa kune vakakuvadzwa, tsitsi, kuyananiswa kuburikidza nekunzwisisana hakusi kwakadai hunhu hweAsia. Zvakapfuura ndezvekare, kunyangwe zvakave zvichishandiswa munhoroondo. Pano, ikozvino uye mangwana zvinoreva kuwana mari yakawanda, yazvino I-foni, zvokudya uye zvinwiwa, motokari inotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye, pamusoro pezvose, kuratidza kuti uri kubudirira, kana zvisina kudaro iwe uri kurasikirwa ...
Ndingati hunhu hwevanhu husiri hwevaAsia chete. Kunewo vazhinji muNetherlands vane mhirizhonga yehondo vasingatauri nezvazvo. Kunyadziswa kwekare, kutengeserana kwevaranda, kutaura zvishomanana, kuponda muIndonesia neuto reDutch mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri uye izvo izvi zvakashanda. Kurapwa mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri yeMoluccans muNetherlands, kukunyadzisa iwe kuita zvidimbu. Mushure memakore akawanda, kukumbira ruregerero uye zviyeuchidzo zvinogadzirwa uye zviratidzo zvemugwagwa zvinobviswa. Kazhinji nekuda kwekumanikidza kubva kunze uye kwete kukurudzirwa nehunhu hwemunhu. Maitiro anoita vanhu trauma akasiyana zvakare kune wese munhu. VaCambodian vakatambura zvakanyanya pasi pejoko reRed Kmer zvokuti hazvinzwisisike. Vana vazhinji vakanga vasisina vabereki uye vachiri kufanira kutsvaga nzira yavo. Ingomira ipapo. Aiwa, tinofanira kutanga nokunzwisisa avo vanobatanidzwa. Zvokudya nezvokunwa zvinhu zvinokosha uye hatigoni kurarama tisina izvozvo. Kuwana mari yakawandisa ndeyekurongeka kwakasiyana, ndinobvumirana newe, asi ruzhinji rwevanhu pasi rose haruna kukanganiswa nazvo.