Iyo Thai Labor Museum
Kune yakasarudzika museum muBangkok iyo inofanirwa kushanyirwa: iyo Thai Labor Museum. Kusiyana nemamwe mamuseum mazhinji, iyi museum ndeye hupenyu hweyakajairika Thai, ichiratidza kurwira kurarama kwakaringana kubva panguva yeuranda kusvika ikozvino.
Kuvhara kunosanganisira feudal system iyo Thailand yaive nayo mumazana emakore apfuura, chinzvimbo cheChinese munharaunda yeThai, shanduko huru muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore re19 uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, vakadzi nevana sevashandi, kudzvinyirirwa kwekutengeserana. mibatanidzwa. , kurwa kunoramba kuripo kwevashandi uye kuramba kwavo kushandiswa nevashandirwi vemacapitalist nehurumende dzeudzvanyiriri.
Corvée mune feudal Thailand: Phrai naNaai
Munharaunda yechinyakare yeThai, manpower ndiye ainyanya kukosha mune zvehupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvemagariro sosi. Kubva panguva yeSukhothai (circa 1257), nzanga yaive neboka rekutonga uye makirasi anotonga. Boka rekutanga rakanga riri reNaai (นาย): mambo uye vane mukurumbira. Boka rechipiri Phrai (ไพร่) uye Thaat ( ทาส). Phrai vaive vanhuwo zvavo uye varimi, ivo vakaita 80 kusvika 90 muzana yevagari. VaThaat vaive varanda. Mune iyi feudal system, murume Phrai aifanira kupa nguva nenguva basa rekumanikidzwa kwechinguva (nhamba huru yemwedzi pagore): corvee kana corvée. Vakadzi vaisungirwa zvikuru kuita corvée service.
Modernization kubva muzana remakore rechi19
Kuburikidza nekubatana nenyika dzekuMadokero, Mambo Mongkut (1851-1868) akaziva kuti Thailand yaifanira kuvhurira kunze kwenyika. Kuwedzera kwekutengeserana nekumadokero kwakaunza shanduko huru kunzanga yeSiamese, kunyanya mune zvehupfumi. Michina yemazuva ano yakatangwa uye kwaiva nekuwedzera kukuru kwevashandi vanobhadharwa pamwero usina kumboonekwa. Pakupedzisira, izvi zvakakonzera kuparara kwePrai-Thaat system pasi paMambo Chulalongkorn (1868-1910). MaThais zvino aigona kurarama zvinoenderana nezita ravo uye kuve akasununguka zvechokwadi (Thai). Tsika yebasa risina muripo yakasvika kumugumo.
Nenzira yakanaka, vashandi vakanga vasiri voga, vakangwara vakasiyana-siyana vakateerera matambudziko evashandi. Thianwan (1842-1915) anonzi ndiye munhu wokutanga kufarira zvinetso zvebasa. Vakataura kuti Phrai naThaat vanofanira kupihwa kodzero dzakafanana nemunhu wese munharaunda.
Industrialization yaive chiitiko chitsva uye Thailand yakashaya hurongwa hwekudzora hukama hwevashandi kana kuchengetedza vashandi. Vashandi vakanga vasina kurongeka uye vaigona kushandiswa nyore nyore nevashandirwi vavo. Apo kuramwa kwakaitika, kazhinji kazhinji kwakanga kusina kurongeka.
Chimurenga: nhanho dzekutanga kune zvirinani mamiriro ebasa
Kwakanga kuri pashure pechimurenga cha1932 apo sangano idzva revashandi vepamutemo rehurumende itsva rakavapo. hurumende yakadzika mitemo miviri mitsva: The Employment Office Act uye Provincial Employment Office Act. Izvi zvakamirira matanho ekutanga ehurumende yebumbiro remitemo kugadzirisa matambudziko ane chekuita nemabasa. Mitemo iyi yakaita kuti vanhu vasina mabasa vakwanise kunyoresa kumahofisi evarovha. Panguva imwe cheteyo, hurumende yakaumbawo dhipatimendi revashandi mukati meBazi Rezvemukati menyika. Yakanga iri yekutanga sevhisi yehurumende ine chekuita nezvenyaya dzebasa. Hurumende yakatevera mutemo wezvehupfumi hwenyika waive wakanangana nekusimudzira indasitiri yeThai kutsiva makambani ekunze. Izvi zvakaitika kunyanya mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri apo guta rekuMadokero rakanga rapera simba.
Free rein ye capitalism
Mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika II, Hondo Yemashoko pakati pehurualist capitalism necommunism yakatanga. Vachitya kupararira kwecommunism, vanhu vekuAmerica vakatsigira udzvanyiriri hwemauto muAsia vaine tarisiro yekuti vaizopa dziviriro pakurwisa communism. Hurumende, dzaiwanzova dzeudzvinyiriri, dzaivenga munhu upi noupi aifunga zvakasiyana. Vezvematongerwo enyika, vatori venhau nevatungamiriri vemasangano evashandi vakakandwa mujeri. Hurumende yakapa rutsigiro rwayo ruzere kune yakazvimirira capital uye capital investments. Kutarisira kushoma kana kufarira kwaipiwa kumararamiro evashandi. Hurumende yaida kuti nyika ive denga kune macapitalist. Vashandi vakasangana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaipa kwazvo uye kushandiswa. Simbiso yakaiswa pakusimudzira indasitiri yemadhorobha. Mikaha mikuru yakabuda pakati pemaruwa neguta, uye pakati pevapfumi nevarombo.
Hurumende yakashandisa slogan inoti 'basa imari, mari ibasa, mufaro unoitwa'. Asi vashandi vakadzvinyirirwa zvakare. Kodzero dzavo nerusununguko zvakadzima. Udzvinyiriri hwaireva paradhiso kune macapitalist. Kuvashandi raive gehena!
Zvakatanga sekuratidzira kwevadzidzi muna 1973 zvakashanduka kuita kuratidzira kwakakura kwazvo, kwakadzvanywa zvine ropa musi wa14 Gumiguru, 'zuva rekusuwa kukuru'. Zviitiko izvi zvakapidigura vatungamiri vehudzvanyiriri uye democracy yakadzokera kuThailand. Bato revashandi rakabudirira zvakare. Paive nekuramwa mabasa kwakawanda nekuda kwemamiriro ekushanda ari nani. Kwemakore mashoma, nyika zvakare yakawana nguva yerusununguko, tariro uye kuvandudzwa kwevashandi. Asi pashure pokupondwa kwakaitika paThammasat University pana October 6, 1976, rima rakadzokera munyika.
Kupikisa udzvanyiriri
Muna 1991, chikwata chemauto chinozviti National Peace Keeping Council (NPKC) chakatora masimba. Bumbiro remutemo rakaraswa uye vanhu vakanyimwa kodzero dzavo. NPKC yakaedza kurasisa masangano evashandi ichiti 'matambudziko evashandi ndiwo matambudziko echiuto'. Asi chokwadi icho NPKC inovavarira kukanganisa nekuparadza masangano evashandi akarongeka. Kodzero dzakaita sekodzero yekuramwa mabasa kana kuumba mubatanidzwa wevashandi dzakarambidzwa. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vashandi vaida kubvuma udzvinyiriri, voruzhinji havana kunyengedzwa uye vakaunganidzwa kuti varambe udzvinyiriri. Mumwe wavo Thanong Phoan, sachigaro weThai Workers' Council. Akanga akashinga uye aitaura pachena mukushora kwake hurumende. Akaerekana anyangarika musi waChikumi 19, 1991 uye nanhasi hapana mhinduro chaiyo kune ramangwana rake. Asi vashandi havana kuzvibvumira kudzvinyirirwa: masangano evashandi uye mamwe mafambiro edemokrasi akasimuka. The Bloody May Days muna 1992 pakupedzisira akatungamirira kukupidigurwa kwoudzvanyiriri.
Masangano evashandi vedemocracy
Pese panomuka udzvanyiriri, masangano evashandi anoiswa pasi pekumanikidzwa. Vakuru vemauto vanoudza vashandi kuti matambudziko avo anoteererwa, anonzwisiswa, anogoverwa, asi kutaura zvazviri hurumende idzi dzakatsunga kuparadza masangano evashandi.
Nguva nenguva, vashandi veThai vakadzvinyirirwa, vakashandiswa, vakanyimwa kodzero yekubatana, asi vashandi vakaramba vachibatana. Mibatanidzwa yevashandi nemasangano edemocracy padivi padivi mukurwira kwavo hupenyu hwevanhu uye hwemahara hweThais. Iyo museum inopa mufananidzo wakanakisa wekutambura kwenguva refu, kana iwe uchida kunzwisisa mushandi weThai, iwe unofanirwa kushanyira iyi museum!
Shanyira ruzivo:
- Zita: พิพิธภัณฑ์แรงงานทย Thai Labor Museum
- Kero: 726/9 Thanon Nikhom Makkasan Road (Near Makkasan Chitima Chitima), Rachathewi, Bangkok.
- Kuwana mahara! Mipiro inogamuchirwa.
- Kuvhura: Chitatu kusvika Svondo kubva 10.00 am kusvika 16.30:XNUMX p.m.
- Nzvimbo: www.thailabourmuseum.org
Zvakawanda zvenhoroondo nezveThailand ndezvezvakanaka uye zvehugamba mabasa emadzimambo ayo. Izvi zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kumabhuku echikoro. Hapana chakakanganisika pane izvo zvega, asi zvine divi rimwe chete.
Heino nyaya chaiyo. Kuwedzera kunobatsira uye kunodikanwa. Thanks for that.
Nyaya kana chokwadi hachipo. Sezvakangoita Thailand kana Thai tsika isipo. Asi iyo mosaic haifanirwe kupotsa kutariswa kwevashandi veThai. Kushanya kune imwe yemamyuziyamu ehurumende kwakakosha, asi kune mufananidzo wakazara, mamuseum (kana mabhuku) akamiswa nevanodisa uye vanotyaira vagari havafanirwe kupotsa.
Uye kune avo vanongoda kushanyira imwe museum nezve nzanga uye nhoroondo, enda pano, iyo Thai Labor Museum (Phíphítháphan Raengngaan Thai).
Iwe unogona zvakare kutora iyo yepamutemo nhoroondo uye propaganda yehurumende kuruboshwe uye kurudyi. Ipapo iwe unoteerera zviri nani kune vanhu vanobva kumatanho akaderera enzanga. Mushandi, murimi, varume nevakadzi vanoshanda nesimba vanogara munyika ine kusaenzana kwakasimba pamarudzi ose.
Ndatenda, chinyorwa chinonakidza uye zano rakanaka. Iyi museum ingangozofanira kuwedzera nekuti pachine basa rakawanda rinofanira kuitwa varimi nevashandi muThailand vasati vawana izvo zvavanofanirwa kuita ...
Zvinhu zvakanga zvisina kunyanya kusiyana muFlanders kusvika Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Ini handitaure nezve Netherlands.
Zvechokwadi, Henry, kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu kwakaunzwa kwete muBelgium chete asi muWestern Europe yose mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Kusimuka kwemapato emakomunisti neEastern Bloc kwakaerekana kwaita kuti zviitike. Asi muBelgium chirongwa chacho chakanga chatopiwa muna 1936: ipapo pakanga pane mhirizhonga yakawanda yakaguma nekuderedzwa kwemaawa ekushanda uye kuiswa kwezororo rakabhadharwa. MuThailand, vashandi vazhinji havasati vapihwa mvumo yekuzorora inobhadharwa ...
Nehurombo, kuchengetedzeka kwevanhu sezvandagara ndichiziva kuri kuputswa zvishoma nezvishoma munyika dzekuMadokero nhasi.
Uye mibatanidzwa ichiri chinhu chikuru muThailand.
Jan Beute.
Pakushanya kwangu kunotevera kuThailand zvirokwazvo ndichashanyira iyi museum. Ndinokutendai zvikuru nemashoko aya.
Usazvireva! Uye kuti zvive nyore, heino nzvimbo paGoogle Mepu:
https://www.google.nl/maps/@13.7532413,100.5492266,394m
Kune zvechokwadi masangano evashandi muThailand ane pesvedzero pamitemo. Ukaverenga mapepanhau eThai unoziva kuti kune kuramwa mabasa kwemakambani kunovhara makambani. Asi sezvakangoita muBelgium neNetherlands, maSME haamiririrwe
Vanomiririrwa zvakasimba mumakambani ehurumende.
Ikozvino dunhu rega rega rine dare revashandi. Nebasa rekuyananisa basa rinobatsira vashandi vane zvichemo. Iyi sevhisi inoita basa rakanakisa. Kazhinji kufona kuri nyore kumushandi kwakakwana kugadzirisa dambudziko. Nokuti mushandirwi anoziva kuti havafaniri kutamba navo
Iye zvino mushandi weThai anekodzero yemazuva gumi nerimwe ekuzorora pamwe nemazuva makumi maviri anobhadharwa ekurwara. Kune zvakare zororo rekusununguka rinobhadharwa.
Iye zvino vashandi vemasikati havachaverengerwa nekuti havana kondirakiti yebasa uye vakanyoreswa.
Hongu, masangano evashandi vemakambani ehurumende ane zvinhu zvawo akarongeka nhasi. Asi mune bhizinesi rega? Kwete chaizvo… Chiregai, sezvamunoratidzawo, vashandi vezuva. Asi nhoroondo yemasangano evashandi nemasangano evashandi inonetsa. Mubatanidzwa wekutanga usiri wepamutemo waiva pakati pevaChinese, yekutanga chaiyo (yakazivikanwa zviri pamutemo) mubatanidzwa yaive yeTram Company. Asi pasi pehutongi hwemauto nevanopikisa macommunist, pro-capitalist, mibatanidzwa nevashandi vakaomerwa. Uye pane ese marudzi emamwe maficha akadai semaawa ekushanda, chengetedzo nedzimwe kodzero dzatinoona kuMadokero seyakajairika, izvi zvichiri kusiya zvakanyanya kudiwa muThailand. Zvese izvi zvinoratidzwa mune ino inonakidza museum.