Hendrick Indijck: Wekutanga wechiDutch muAngkor Wat
Iyo Dutch East India Kambani, kana iyo VOC…. Semunyori akarumwa nenhoroondo bug, handifi ndakakwana nazvo.
Yaimbova yakakura kwazvo munyika dzakawanda pasi rose. Kambani ine purofiti yaingonzvenga nzira dzekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvayo asi panguva imwe cheteyo, sezvakataurwa nemunyori wenhau dzakaitika Jan Kuipers, yakagadzira tsika, yakakurudzira nzendo dzekuwanikwa uye zvigadzirwa zvemugungwa uye yakapesvedzera zvakanyanya hupenyu munzvimbo dzayo dzekutengesa neRepublic of. United Netherlands.
Musanganiswa unoshamisa wevatengesi vevatengesi, maregents ane hunyanzvi, vanopenga, vafambisi vezvikepe vane utsinye uye varwi vane utsinye vakaita basa rakakosha munzvimbo huru pakati peCape of Good Hope neJapan kweanoda kusvika mazana maviri emakore. Munguva iyoyo, kubva muna 1602 kusvika muna 1795, Kambani yakatumira ngarava kuAsia kakapetwa ka4.721. Kushanda kwekugadzirisa kuchiri kufadza kufungidzira nhasi, kunosanganisira vanhu 972.000. Panhamba huru iyi, chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chete chakambodzokera kunyika yekwavo….
Mumwe wevarume vakaisa upenyu hwavo panjodzi nokuda kweVOC ndiHendrick Indijck. Hazvina kujeka kuti akaberekwa rini chaizvo, asi ndiko kwa: sekureva kwevazhinji venhoroondo izvi zvakaitika kutenderera 1615 muAlkmaar. Indijck aive murume akadzidza uye aifarira. Asati apinda muVOC, nyanzvi yezvemitemo iyi yakanga yashanda kwemakore mashoma semabharani weWest India Company muRecife muPenambuco, Brazil, nguva pfupi iyi nharaunda yakundwa neRepublic kubva kumaPutukezi. Nekudaro, kumukira kwakaitika muna 1645 pasi pehutungamiriri hwaJoao Fernandes Veira kwakazunungusa chiremera cheDutch uye mushure mekukundwa kwemauto echiDutch muHondo yeTabocas (3 Nyamavhuvhu 1645), Indijck, sevamwe vakawanda vekwake, akatora kumhanya kwake uye. akadzokera kuRepublic.
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Zviri pachena kuti akanga asati arasikirwa nechido chake chezviitiko zvekunze uye musi waChikunguru 12, 1650 akakwira Enkhuizen muBatavia semutevedzeri wemutengesi achangogadzwa weVOC. Nenguva isipi akatenderwa kuenda kuAyutthaya nekuti nekuda kwekutadza kutonga fekitori yeVOC muguta guru reSiamese yakanga yapinda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Pamwe chete neramangwana Gavhuna Mukuru Rijcklof van Goens, anozivikanwa nekutsunga kwake, akasvika muAyutthaya munaNovember 9 wegore rimwe chetero kuti agadzirise zvinhu. Indyck, pamwe naVan Goens, vakamisa huwori nekubiridzira, vakamisa kubiridzira nemaChinese uye vakadzoreredza kutengeserana chete nemaJapan. Akagara pamahombekombe eChao Phraya kwemakore mashanu. Kwete zvachose zvaipesana nezvaaida, sezvazvakazoitika, nekuti pakazopera basa rake airatidza kuti aizofara kugara kwenguva yakareba, chero akakwidziridzwa kuita mutengesi.
Apo vanhu vomuBatavia havana kuda pakarepo kupindura kuchikumbiro ichi, akanyura ndokuenda nechikepe kuBatavia amene kunodzivirira mhaka yake. Nenguva isipi zvakava pachena kuti aifanira kumirira kwekanguva kuti akwidzwe. Panzvimbo pezvo, pana May 23, 1656, akapomerwa basa rinokosha rokuCambodia. Mushure mekunge vashandi veVOC vambourayiwa, aifanira kuita runyararo nevaCambodian uye kuvhurazve nzvimbo yekutengeserana yakanga yasakara. Kunyangwe nefivha iyo iye nevazhinji vevarume vake vakabatwa, Indyck akakwanisa kuronga zvinhu zveVOC zvakare munguva pfupi pfupi. Panguva imwe cheteyo, akatora mukana wacho kunyatsoongorora nharaunda yacho. Mushure memazuva gumi ekufamba, chikamu chayo chaive muigwa mhiri kwegungwa guru reTonle Sap, akapedzisira ava mumwe wevakashanyira vekuMadokero kumatongo eAngkor Wat.
Kubva muna 1617 zvichienda mberi, vatariri veVOC vakanga vasarudza kuti magazini aifanira kuchengetwa enzendo dzose dzaiitwa. Mushure mekudzoka kumba, izvi zvakafanirwa kuendeswa kuVOC, iyo yaive nekodzero dzekushambadzira kune izvi - kazhinji yakakosha - ruzivo rwehunyanzvi. Mharidzo yake pamusoro peAngkor ndiyo yakatanga kunyorwa muchiDutch ... Apo Hendrick Indijck anodzokera kuBatavia pakupera kwegore rimwe chetero, anogamuchira kugadzwa kwake kwaanoshuva somutengesi akazara, zvisinei kwete muEast Indies asi shure kuCambodia. . Akatora Logie muguta guru reCambodian Lovek rakanga rasiiwa neChirungu uye akaedza kumutsiridza kutengeserana kwainge kwakamira kubva kuLovek kuenda kuShogunate yekuJapan. Nhanho yakakosha munzira kwayo kwaive kupedzisa kwechibvumirano icho VOC '.kutengeserana kwakasarudzika kwematehwe emhembwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kuJapan' kuwana. Sezvingabvira, Maria Quikelenburg, mudzimai wake wepamutemo, akanga asara kuBatavia nokuti ane chokwadi chokuti aigara kuCambodia nomukadzi wechiKhmer uyo akamuberekera vana vaviri, Gerrit naAdriaentje. Akaenda nevana ava paakazova mutengesi mukuru munzvimbo yakakosha yeVOC muDeshima, Japan, muna Gumiguru 1660. Basa rinobhadhara raakazadzisa kweanoda kusvika makore matatu, achichinjana nenzendo dzebhizinesi kuenda kuAyutthaya neBatavia.
Musi waApril 2, 1664, akapinda kubhabhatidzwa kwemwanasikana wake Anna kubva paakaroorwa naMaria Quikelenburg muBatavia. Musi waApril 28, iyi Alkmaar globetrotter yakapiwa basa rekuenda kuJapan kechitatu, asi Pietje de Dood akamisa izvozvo. Hendrik Indijck, Munguva yehupenyu hwake aive mukuru mutengesi pabasa rePatented East India Company vakafa pana Chivabvu 4, 664 muBatavia, zvimwe nemarariya. Akavigwa zuva rakatevera kuHollandsch Kerkhof.
Lung Jan, sepakutanga, anogara akanyorwa zvakanaka nezvenguva yeVOC. Mumwe fan anogara kuAustralia. Hongu, ndine chokwadi kuti dzimwe nyaya dzichabva kwauri mune ramangwana. Ndinovimba hutachiona uhu hunorasikirwa nesimba kuitira kuti chando chiitwe zvakare muThailand. Ramba wakadaro Jan ndotenda. Mienzaniso yangu.
Anoshamisa Lung Jan,
kuverenga iyi nhoroondo mune imwe kuenda uye fungidzira kana iwe uripo panguva yeGoridhe Age.
"Kusanganiswa kusinganzwisisike kwevatengesi vevatengesi, maregents ane hungwaru, vanopenga, vafambisi vezvikepe uye varwi vane utsinye ..."
Mune mamwe mazwi, vanhu vane 'VOC mentality'.
Panhamba huru iyi [972.000 XNUMX] chikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu chakambodzokera kunyika yavo….”
Izvi hazvireve kuti vaviri muzvitatu vakafa panguva yavo yeVOC basa. Ini ndinofungidzira kuti hazvizivikanwe kuti vangani vanhu vakasarudza kugara kunze kwenyika mushure menguva yavo yeVOC?
Muna Gumiguru 1660 akaenda nevana vake kuDeshima. Hapana shoko nezve 'mia noi' wake, amai vevana vake?
Naizvozvo ndinofunga kuti VOC yakamupa favour kuti aende nevana vake. Kudai amai vacho vakanga vachiri vapenyu, kutora murongo akadaro sezvingabvira kwaizova kwakanyanyisa kubvunza.
Vana vaviri ivavo vakaendeswawo kuBatavia here kana kuti vakafira kuDeshima?
Wadiwa Theo,
'mia noi' yake yakanyangarika mukati memhute yenguva. Zvakaipa kwazvo asi zvinosuruvarisa ... Vana inyaya yakasiyana zvachose. Vana vanobva muukama hwakasanganiswa kazhinji vaipedzisira vari mumusha weVOC muBatavia kana Ayutthaya mushure mekunge kondirakiti yababa yeVOC yapera. Kunyanya apo mudzimai wechiDutch wepamutemo akanga achiri mupenyu ... Indijck haana kungokwanisa kumutora kuenda naye kuDeshima, asi mwanakomana wake Gerrit akatonditora pakushanya kwake kuShogun. Izvo pachazvo zvaive zvisina kujairika. Hazvina kujairikawo kuti Gerrit nehanzvadzi yake Adriaentje vakangoerekana vaoneka muAmsterdam makore mashoma mushure mekufa kwaIndijck uye vakapinda mudare redzimhosva pamberi peKanzuru yeHolland maererano nenhaka yababa vavo chaivo. Sekukwanisa kwandakaita kuona, mwanasikana wake wepamutemo Anna akanga achiri kugara muBatavia panguva iyoyo...
Ndatenda nekuwedzera uku Lung Jan.
Zvakandishamisa kuti vana vasina kuroorwa havana kusiiwa zvachose, asi handifungi kuti paigara vana mazuva iwayo.
Zvakanyanya kukosha kuti mudiki akadaro - mudiki pane 7 makore ekuzvarwa - akabvumidzwa kutiperekedza pakushanya kwakakosha.
Uyewo kuti makore mashomanana gare gare - pasi pe14? - kuguma muAmsterdam. Rwendo rwakadaro rwakanga rusina kudhura.
PS: Ndakaverenga mipiro yako nepamusoro-avhareji kufarira.
Nhau dzakanaka kubva mudura reVOC, asi zvandaizofarira chaizvo: nyaya dzevaSiamese, nezvimwewo. Ndiani aive mukadzi 'wekuzvarwa' weKhmer, aifungei, akaitei? Sezvineiwo, ruzhinji rwezvinhu kubva panguva iyoyo zvakanyorwa pasi nevanhu vane mhino chena.
Mhoro Rob, ndakamboverenga iwo chaiwo chirevo. Yakabva kuna Tino. Chance?
Ini ndinofungidzira kudzidzira 😉 ... kana chiratidzo chekuti vanhu vazhinji vanofunga seizvi. Ndinofungidzira kuti Jan pachake angadawo kuona maonero iwayo, asi chii chisipo (zvakare) hachipo, handiti? Asi ini ndinofarawo nezvatinoratidzwa naLung Jan pano. 🙂
Zvechokwadi chidimbu chakanyorwa chinokwezva fungidziro. Dzokorora dzimwe nguva. Ndanga ndiri mushishi kurekodha mhuri yangu kwechinguva uye kusvika zvino ndawana vafambisi vezvikepe vatanhatu veVOC. Vese vaine nyaya yavo, asi vashanu vakafa maererano nebhuku reVOC. (Zvisinei, chikonzero hachina kutaurwa). Kazhinji mukati megore, vachisiya mudzimai wavo nevana vasina mari nezvishongo. Kubva kuvarwi kusvika kuvabiki, maiva nezvinhu zvose mungarava uye kakawanda vaipinzwa basa. Ruoko rwesimbi rwakashandiswa uye zvirango zviri muchikepe kana kutyorwa kwaitwa zvakanga zvisina kureruka. Kunyange chirango chekurohwa uye rufu. Ndichiri kushanda pamutyairi weVOC wekupedzisira, kaputeni, uye anogona kunge akapona.
Chenjerera. Iye zvino nyika yeDutch yakakumbira ruregerero. Kuti havakubate iwe une mhosva yemari sewedzinza revasingasviki vatanhatu veVOC vafambisi vezvikepe.
kubva muna 1602 kusvika muna 1795, Kambani yakatumira ngarava kuAsia inokwana ka4.721.
Ini ndakashata pamasvomhu, asi ... mumakore 200, zvisingasviki zvikepe zve5000 = 25 pagore.
Vakanga vari munzira kwemwedzi yakawanda, saka chii chakashata?
Makore ekutanga anofanirawo kunge aive makore ekuongorora, apo vanhu vaifara kuti ngarava yakadzoka mushure megore.
Ndinogara ndichishamisika kuti vanhu vaitaurirana sei kare ikako uye vaigona kuita zvibvumirano zvainzwisiswa nemapato ese.
Mushure mekuverenga nyaya iyi inonakidza pfungwa yangu yekutanga yaive: Ndiri kuda kuziva kuti chii chaizvo chakanyorwa naHendrick Indijck nezveAngkor. Chaizvoizvo, ini ndaitarisira mamwe makotesheni nezve izvozvo, kupihwa zita rechidimbu.
Chinyorwa chinoratidza kuti mishumo iripo: ndicho chikonzero here chekuti munyori aite chikamu chechipiri mune saga raHendrick? Kana kuti mishumo inogona kuverengeka pachena kune imwe nzvimbo kana kuti inowanikwa kuti idhawunirodhe?