Makuva ehondo echiDutch muKanchanaburi
Kushanyira ku Kanchanaburi War kumakuva chiitiko chinokwezva. Muchiedza chakajeka, chinopenya cheCopper Thug ichipfuta zvisina tsitsi pamusoro, zvinoita sekunge mutsara mushure memutsara weyunifomu yakachena-yakachena. makuva mumakwenzi akachekwa kusvika pamiremita iri pedyo, achisvika kumawere. Pasinei nekuwanda kwemigwagwa mumigwagwa iri pedyo, dzimwe nguva inogona kunyarara. Uye izvo zvakanaka nekuti ino inzvimbo iyo ndangariro zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvechokwadi inoshanduka kuita nhoroondo ...
Iri Bindu reRufu rakashongedzwa zvakaisvonaka inzvimbo iyo, pasinei nokupisa, inokurudzira kufungisisa. Mushure mezvose, makuva emauto haasi chete 'Lieux de Memoire' asi zvakare uye pamusoro pezvose, sezvakambotaurwa naAlbert Schweitzer, 'vatsigiri vakanakisisa vorugare'…
Pakati pevane 17.990 vasungwa vehondo vechiDutch vakaendeswa neuto reJapan pakati paJune 1942 naNovember 1943 mukuvaka uye kwakatevera kuchengetedza. Thai-Burma Railway vanoda kusvika 3.000 2.210 vakakurirwa nenhamo dzakavapo. XNUMX Dutch vakakuvadzwa vakapihwa nzvimbo yekuzorora yekupedzisira kumakuva maviri emauto muThailand pedyo neKanchanaburi: Chungkai War Cemetery en Kanchanaburi War Cemetery. Hondo yapera, vanhu 621 vechiDutch vakavigwa parutivi rwenjanji yeBurma Thanbyuzayat War Cemetery.
Chungkai War Cemetery - Yongkiet Jitwattanatam / Shutterstock.com
Op Kanchanaburi War Cemetery, (GPS 14.03195 - 99.52582) iyo iri pedyo nepakati penzvimbo yezita rimwe chete uye zambuko rine mukurumbira pamusoro peKwai, 6.982 vakaurayiwa nehondo vanorangarirwa. Pakati pavo, maBritish, ane 3.585 akaurayiwa muchiito, anoumba boka gurusa. Asi zvakare Dutch vanhu uye maAustralia ane 1.896 uye 1.362 mauto kufa zvakateerana anomiririrwa zvakanaka pane ino saiti. Pane zvakasiyana Chirangaridzo ndiwo mazita avarume gumi nomumwe Indian Army avo vakapiwa nzvimbo yokuzororera yokupedzisira mumakuva echiMuslim ari pedyo. It Indian Army aiva mu18e zana kubva kuuto rakazvimirira reBritish East India Company, mumwe weDutch VOC, uye anga achigadzira kubvira 19e zana remakore chikamu chakakosha chemauto eBritish. Micherechedzo yeguva, yakachinjika cast iron nameplates pazvigadziko zvegranite, dzakafanana uye dzakakura zvakafanana. Kufanana uku kunoreva pfungwa yekuti vese vakawa vakaita chibayiro chimwe chete, zvisinei nenzvimbo kana chinzvimbo. Murufu munhu wese akaenzana. Pakutanga pakanga paine michinjikwa yematanda machena yeguva pano, asi yakatsiviwa nematombo emakuva azvino pakupera kwemakumi mashanu nekutanga makumi matanhatu.
Kanchanaburi War Cemetery
Makuva maviri akaunganidzwa ane madota evarume mazana matatu vakapiswa panguva yekuputika kwedenda rekorera muna Chivabvu-Chikumi 300 muNieke Camp. Mazita avo anotaurwa pamapanera ari mupavilion pane ino saiti. Kuvandudzwa kwesaiti iyi mushure mehondo uye dhizaini yakaomesesa - kutaura kwakamisikidzwa kwekusuwa kwakaderera - kwakaonekwa nemugadziri weCWGC Colin St. Clair Oakes, murwi wehondo yeWales uyo, muna Zvita 1943, pamwe naColonel Harry Naismith Hobbard, vaive chikamu chekomiti. iyo yakaverenga makuva ehondo munyika dzinosanganisira India, Burma, Thailand, Ceylon neMalaysia uye yakasarudza kuti makuva akaungana aizovakwa.
Kanchanaburi War Cemetery yakatangwa nemaBritish pakupera kwa1945 semakuva akaungana. Nzvimbo iyi haisi kure nenzvimbo yeKanburi Camp, imwe yemisasa mikuru yeJapan, uko musungwa wese weAllied wehondo akaendeswa kuchitima akatanga kupfuura. Ruzhinji rwevaDutch vakavigwa panzvimbo iyi vakanga vamboshanda muchiuto, 1.734 161 chaivoivo. Vazhinji vavo vaibva kumauto eRoyal Dutch East Indies Army (KNIL) 1 Pakati pavo vakanga vamboshanda mune imwe nzvimbo kana imwe neRoyal Navy uye mumwe akafa akanga ari weDutch air force.
Murwi wechiDutch wepamusoro-soro akavigwa pano aive Lieutenant Colonel Arie Gottschal. Akazvarwa muna Chikunguru 30, 1897 muNieuwenhoorn. Uyu mukuru wemauto eKNIL akafa musi wa5 Kurume 1944 muTamarkan. Akavigwa muna VII C 51. Rimwe guva rinonakidza ndere Count Wilhelm Ferdinand von Ranzow. Uyu muchinda akaberekwa musi waApril 17, 1913 muPamekasan. Sekuru vake, Imperial Count Ferdinand Heinrich von Ranzow vaiva neNorth German midzi uye akange ashanda semushandi mukuru wehurumende muDutch East Indies kwaaigara muDjokjakarta pakati pa1868 na1873. Muna 1872 mhuri yakabatanidzwa muhutongi hweDutch paKB ine zita renhaka. Wilhelm Ferdinand aive nyanzvi yekuzvipira muKNIL uye akashanda sebrigadier / mechanic mu3.e battalion of engineers. Akafa musi waSeptember 7, 1944 mumusasa weNompladuk I.
Pakati pevakapiwa zororo rekupedzisira pano nepapo, tinowana hama dzemumwe nemumwe pano nepapo. Johan Frederik Kops ane makore makumi maviri nemana wekuKlaten aive pfuti muKNIL paakafa musi wa24 Mbudzi 4 muKamp Tamarkan II. Akavigwa muguva VII A 1943. Baba vake, Casper Adolf Kops aiva nemakore 57, akanga ari sajeni muKNIL. Akafira muKinsayok musi wa55 Kukadzi 8. Huwandu hwevakafa veDutch muKinsayok hwakanga hwakanyanya: pa vashoma 1943 veDutch POWs vakafira ikoko. Casper Kops akavigwa muguva VII M 175. Mapoka akati wandei akavigwawo panzvimbo ino. Heano mamwe acho: Jan Kloek ane makore makumi matatu nemashanu kubva kuApeldoorn, senge munin'ina wake wemakore maviri Teunis, aive jaya muKNIL Jan akafa musi wa66 Chikumi 35 muchipatara chemumunda muKinsayok, pamwe semunhu akabatwa. yedenda rekorera iro rakaparadza mumisasa pedyo nenjanji. Akapiwa nzvimbo yokuzorora yokupedzisira muguva revanhu vose VB 28-1943. Teunis aizokundwa mwedzi mishoma gare gare, muna Gumiguru 73, 74 muTakanon. Akavigwa muna VII H1.
Gerrit Willem Kessing uye munun'una wake wemakore matatu Frans Adolf vakaberekerwa muSurabaya. Vakashanda semasoja muKNIL infantry. Gerrit Willem (collective guva VC 6-7) akafa musi waChikunguru 10, 1943 muKinsayok, Frans Adolf akakundwa musi waSeptember 29, 1943 muKamp Takanon (guva VII K 9). George Charles Stadelman akaberekwa musi waNyamavhuvhu 11, 1913 muYogyakarta. Akanga ari sajeni muKNIL uye akafa musi waJune 27, 1943 muKuima. Akavigwa muguva VA 69. Munin'ina wake Jacques Pierre Stadelman akaberekwa musi waChikunguru 12, 1916 muDjokjakarta. Uyu murindi muKNIL artillery akafa muna Zvita 17, 1944 muTamarkan. Vanenge 42 vasungwa vehondo vechiDutch vakafira mumusasa uyu wokupedzisira. Jacques Stadelman akavigwa muguva VII C 54. Hama Stephanos naWalter Artem Tatewossianz vakaberekerwa muBaku muAzerbaijan, iyo yakanga ichiri chikamu cheRussia tsarist empire. Stephanos ane makore makumi matatu nematatu (VC 33) akafa musi waApril 45, 12 muRintin. Vanosvika makumi mana nevana vechiDutch vakafira mumusasa uyu. Mukoma wake ane makore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, Walter Aertem (III A 1943) akafa musi waNyamavhuvhu 44, 29 muKuie. 62 vanhu vechiDutch vaizorasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo mumusasa uyu wekupedzisira…
Mune zvakanyanya kushanyirwa Chungkai War Cemetery (GPS 14.00583 - 99.51513) 1.693 varwi vakawa vanovigwa. 1.373 British, 314 Dutch uye 6 varume ve Indian Army. Makuva haasi kure nepanopatsanurwa Rwizi Kwai muMae Khlong uye Kwai Noi. Iri guva rakavambwa muna 1942 padivi peChungkai musungwa wekamba yehondo, iyo yakashanda seimwe yemisasa yepasi panguva yekuvakwa kwenjanji. Chipatara chepakati-chakabatana chemumunda chakamiswa mumusasa uyu uye vazhinji vevasungwa vakafira pano vakabvunzurudzwa panzvimbo ino. Sezvakaita mukati Kanchanaburi War Cemetery Mugadziri weCWGC Colin St. Clair Oakes ndiye aivewo nebasa rekugadzira makuva aya.
Pakati pevaDutch vakapiwa nzvimbo yekupedzisira yekuzorora pano, 278 vaiva veuto (kunyanya KNIL), 30 kuuto regungwa uye 2 kuuto remhepo. Murwi wechidiki wechiDutch akavigwa pano aiva Theodorus Moria aiva nemakore 17. Akazvarwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 10, 1927 muBandung uye akafa munaKurume 12, 1945 muchipatara cheChungkai. Iyi Marine 3e kirasi yakavigwa muguva III A 2. Sokuziva kwandaita, masajeni Anton Christiaan Vrieze naWillem Frederik Laeijendecker muguva IX A 8 na XI G 1, pazera ramakore 55, vaiva varwi vakuru vakafa pa Chungkai War Cemetery.
Mauto maviri epamusoro-soro echiDutch panguva yekufa kwavo vaive vatungamiri vaviri. Henri Willem Savalle akaberekwa munaFebruary 29, 1896 muVoorburg. Uyu mukuru webasa aive kaputeni wezvombo muKNIL paakafa nekorera musi wa9 Chikumi 1943 muchipatara chemusasa muChungkai. Akavigwa muna VII E 10. Wilhelm Heinrich Hetzel akaberekwa musi wa22 Gumiguru 1894 muThe Hague. Muhupenyu hwevanhuwo zvavo aive chiremba wemining engineering uye mainjiniya. Nguva pfupi vasati vaenda kuDutch East Indies, akaroora Johanna Helena van Heusden musi wa19 Gumiguru 1923 kuMiddelburg. Uyu kaputeni wekuchengetedza muKNIL artillery akakundwa naBeri-Beri muna Nyamavhuvhu 2, 1943 muchipatara chemusasa cheChungkai. Iye zvino akavigwa muguva reVM 8.
Vanenge vatatu vasiri vemauto vakavigwa panzvimbo ino. Mugari wechiDutch JW Drinhuijzen akafa aine makore makumi manomwe nerimwe pa71 Chivabvu 10 muNakompathon. Mumwe wake Agnes Mathilde Mende akafa musi waApril 1945, 4 muNakompathon. Agnes Mende aishanda ari 1946e commies yeNIS uye akaberekwa musi waApril 5, 1921 muDjokjakarta. Matthijs Willem Karel Schaap akanga aonawo chiedza chezuva muDutch East Indies. Akazvarwa muna Kubvumbi 4, 1879 muBodjonegoro uye akafa makore makumi manomwe neshanu gare gare, muna Kubvumbi 71, 19 kuve chaiyo muNakompathon. Vakavigwa pedyo nemumwe mumakuva muchikamu X, mutsara E, makuva 1946, 7 uye 8.
Nzvimbo mbiri idzi dzinotungamirirwa ne Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC), mutsivi we Imperial War Graves Commission (IWGC) iyo yakavambwa panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga kuti ipe nzvimbo yekuzorora yekupedzisira kune yakawa yeBritish Commonwealth. Kuchengetwa kwemakuva echiDutch paminda yavo yekukudza kunochengetwawo nesangano iri mukutaurirana neDutch War Graves Foundation. Kunewo mamwe 13 mamwe maDutch echiuto uye makuva evagari muAsia. Kunyanya muIndonesia, asiwo mune, semuenzaniso, Hong Kong, Singapore uye South Korean Tanggok.
Zvakanyatsotsanangurwa uye zvakanyatsotsanangurwa, iyo inofanira kunge yaiva chidzidzo chikuru. Mapikicha akanaka akawedzerwa.
Zvino nhoroondo, asi ipapo mbishi chokwadi. Varume vakapurwa nemukadzi vasina murume ngavarore murugare.
Uye mubvunzo nezve dombo ra Count Von Ranzow, anodaro Brig. Gl. Izvi hazvimirire Brigadier General here? Izvi zvinoita sezvinoenderana nezita rake rakanaka kwete sergeant/mechanic.
Wadiwa Piotrpatong,
Ndakazvibvunza ini pachangu, asi brigadier general asina makore makumi matatu nerimwe, angave ane zita kana kwete, achiri mudiki ... mushure meWWII (British connection Princess Irene Brigade ...) uye haisisiri kushandiswa ... Kuti ndive nechokwadi, ndakatora kadhi rake rekunyora paWar Graves Foundation uye nzvimbo yake yakanyorwa sezvinotevera: Brigadier Gi uye naizvozvo kwete Gl. (zvichida Gi ichidimbu chenyanzvi...) Kadhi rake repakutanga semusungwa wehondo wekuJapan akachengetwa muMinistry of the Interior - Stichting Administratie Indische Pensioenen inoronga chinzvimbo sabrigadier makanika muBattalion yechitatu yeEngineers yeKNIL. ...Pamusoro pechikwata cheKNIL pakanga paine mukuru mukuru asi kwete mukuru webrigadier...
Ngatisakanganwewo kuti paive nemurairo wekuJapan weKUURAYA VASUNGWA VOSE. Sezvineiwo, mabhomba maviri eatomu akadonhera paJapan akakurumidza kukanda mapfumo pasi, kunyange zvazvo pana August 2 maJapan asina kuedza kuita kudaro. Sezvingabvira dutu reSoviet pamusoro peManchuria muna Aug. 9, iro rakaenderera mberi kusvika pakasainwa chibvumirano chaOct. 10. kuunza nzvimbo yese pasi pekutonga kwavo kwechinguva, iyo yekupedzisira yekunongedza kune capitulation.
ona neGoogle: "Kurayira kweJapan kuuraya vasungwa vese Sept 1945"
Ndinoziva, chinyorwa ichi chiri pamusoro pemakuva echiDutch.
Kune kufarira kukuru uye kushomanene muvashandi veAsia 200.000 300.000 kusvika kuXNUMX XNUMX panjanji, avo chikamu chikuru zvikuru chezana chakarasikirwa noupenyu hwavo. Vanhu vazhinji vanobva kuMalaysia, Burma, Ceylon neJava. Havatomboyeukwi. Izvi zvakataurwa muchinyorwa ichi muNew York Times:
https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/10/world/asia/10iht-thai.1.10867656.html
Quote:
Worawut Suwannarit, purofesa wenhoroondo paKanchanaburi Rajabhat University uyo apedza makumi emakore achiedza kuwana mukurumbira kune vashandi vekuAsia, asvika pamhedziso yakaoma uye inorwadza.
"Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei idzi dzichinzi nyika dzisina kubudirira - Third World nyika," akadaro. "Havana basa nevanhu vavo."
Vamwe vanopomera maBritish, vatongi vekoloni pamberi uye mushure mehondo muBurma neMalaya, nyika mbiri dzakatumira vashandi vazhinji kunjanji, nekuda kwekusaita zvakawanda kukudza vakafa.
Hurumende yeThai haina kukurudzira kukudza vakafa nekuti vashoma veThai vakashanda muchitima.
Kwete.. hurumende yeThai haidi kuyeuchidzwa nezvemaitiro eThai kune maJapan. Vanhu vazhinji vanogara muThailand - kunyanya maChinese - vakamanikidzwa kushanda pano uye vakafa. ona paThailandblog, Kukadzi 10. 2019: https://www.thailandblog.nl/achtergrond/de-onbekende-railway-of-death/
Wadiwa Tina,
Bhuku randave ndichishanda pariri kwemakore mashoma uye randiri kupedzisa rakanangana neRomusha, 'vakakanganwa' vanhu vekuAsia vakawa panguva yekuvakwa kwenjanji mbiri dzeJapan pakati peThailand neBurma. Zvinyorwa zvandakakwanisa kuisa maoko angu pazviri zvinoratidza kuti vamwe vazhinji vekuAsia vakapinda muzvirongwa izvi, nekuzvidira kana kumanikidzwa, kupfuura zvaimbofungwa. Nhamba yekufa kwe90.000 yeAsia yakatambudzwa iyo yakange yafungidzirwa kwemakore inofanirawo kugadziriswa nokukurumidza kusvika kune zvishoma 125.000 ... Iniwo - kwete pasina dambudziko - ndakawana zvinhu zvinopa chiedza chakasiyana zvachose pamusoro pekubatanidzwa kweThai. Mubhuku rangu ini ndichakurukura, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuguma kusingafungidzirwe kweboka risiri risingakoshi remadzinza echiChinese muThailand 'vakamanikidzwa zvinyoro-nyoro' kuti vashande panjanji idzi, asiwo, semuenzaniso, nezve chokwadi chakavanzwa mukati. Thailand iyo panguva yeWWII hurumende yeThai 'yakweretesa' mari isingaite ye491 miriyoni baht kuJapan kuti iwane mari yekuvakwa kwenjanji….
Zvinofadza kuti uri kunyora bhuku rino. Tiudzei painobuda uye kuti inogona kuodwa sei.
A romoesja (chiJapan: 労務者, rōmusha: “mushandi”) aive mushandi, kunyanya aibva kuJava, aifanirwa kushandira mugari wemuJapan mumamiriro ezvinhu aiganhurana neuranda munguva yeHondo Yenyika II. Zvinoenderana nefungidziro yeUS Library yeCongress, pakati pemamiriyoni mana negumi romushas akashandiswa nemaJapan.
Basa guru Jan, zvirokwazvo hatifanirwe kungogara pane edu 'pachedu' vakakuvadzwa uye zvese zvinotyisa izvo vanhu (vechiuto nevemauto) vakawana.
Aiveko muna 1977. Ndokushamisika kuti vanhu vangavengana sei zvekuti vanourayana nekuurayana. Nokuti ndizvo zvinoita hondo. kuponda zviri pamutemo.
Ndakanga ndiripo svondo rapfuura uye ndakataura kuti mazita ezita pamakuva eDutch akanga ari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipa kupfuura echiChirungu. Ndine fungidziro yekuti maChirungu anotarisira zvakanyanya makuva avo emauto kunze kwenyika
Seri kwemakuva kune chechi yeKatorike yakanaka ine zita rekuti Beata Mundi Regina kubva muna 1955. Chechi iyi sechirangaridzo chehondo yaive danho raJoseph Welsing, aive mumiriri weDutch muBurma. Chinokosha mufananidzo waMambo weThailand padyo neatari.
Kana iwe uri munharaunda, kushanya kune museum iri pedyo nemakuva kunofanirwawo kushanyirwa.
Iyo Hellfire Pass Memorial, nzvimbo yekurangarira yakavambwa neAustralia neThailand, zvakare inoshamisa.
Ndanga ndiripo uye zvinonakidza chaizvo. Ukatarisa kumakuva, pwere zhinji dzakafiramo. Ngatisambofa takakanganwa!
Mushure mekunge washanyira kumakuva uye museum, iwe unofanirwawo kuita rwendo rwechitima. Ipapo ndipo paunozonzwisisa nyaya yese zviri nani. Vazhinji vakafa, unoona basa ravakaita, unonzwa kurwadziwa kwavo neshungu mumwoyo mako paunotyaira munzira.
Uye ngatikudzeiwo maThai akabatsira vanomanikidzwa vashandi paThai-Burma Railway. Nei izvozvo zvisinganyanyi kuitwa?
https://www.thailandblog.nl/achtergrond/boon-pong-de-thaise-held-die-hulp-verleende-aan-de-krijgsgevangenen-bij-de-dodenspoorlijn/
Munguva yatakagara muchando muna 2014, takashanyira Kanchanaburi kwemazuva mashomanana ndokushanyira Chirangaridzo, icho chakatifadza zvikuru uye chakatishamisa ndechokuti chinochengetwa zvakanaka uye takawana mazita akawanda echiDutch.
zvine ruremekedzo zvikuru..