Wat Phra Kaew a cikin Chiang Rai - 'wurin haihu' na Emerald Buddha

Wat Phra Kaew a Ching Rai (love4aya / Shutterstock.com)

Chiang Rai, ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin biranen tsohuwar masarauta ta Lanna, yana da ƴan haikali da gidajen sufi. Mafi mahimmancin haikalin daga mahangar tarihi babu shakka Wat Phra Kaew a mahadar Sang Kaew Road da Trairat Road.

Babu wanda ya san ainihin shekarun wannan haikalin, amma yawancin masana tarihi sun ɗauka cewa mai yiwuwa an gina shi jim kaɗan bayan kafuwar birnin a shekara ta 1262 a gefen wani tsohon dajin bamboo. A kowane hali, mafi dadewa na ginin gine-gine yana nuna farkon rabin karni na sha huɗu. Da farko ana kiran wannan haikali da Wat Pha Yah ko Pha Phai amma hakan ba zai daɗe ba. A shekara ta 1434, a lokacin da aka yi wata guguwar bazara mai tsanani, walƙiya ta bugi babban chedi na wannan haikali da ƙarfi. Abin mamaki ga sufaye da suka yi gaggawar gudu, abin banmamaki ne saboda an sami gunkin koren Buddha mai zurfi a cikin tarkace. Wannan karamin mutum-mutumi mai tsayi cm 66 amma yana da kyau sosai nan ba da jimawa ba aka ba shi sunan Phra Kaew Morakot ko Emerald Green Buddha saboda kalar sa na musamman, amma a zahiri an zana shi daga koren jed ko jasper. Ba a daɗe ba kafin ya zama abin girmamawa na musamman kuma mahajjata daga nesa da nesa zuwa Chiang Rai sun sauko kan haikalin, wanda yanzu aka sake masa suna Wat Phra Kaew.

Wannan shaharar ce ta sa mai yiwuwa sarkin Lanna Sam Fang Kaen ya yanke shawarar canja wurin mutum-mutumi zuwa babban birnin Chiang Mai a shekara ta 1436. Duk da haka, Dot da aka ce da wuri fiye da aikata. An ce farar giwar da aka zaba domin kawo wurin ibadar da mutum-mutumin zuwa babban birnin kasar, an ce sau uku ta ki yarda. Duk lokacin da ya taka hanyar Lampang. Sarkin ya kammala da cewa hakan na nuni da sa hannun Allah kuma ya mayar da mutum-mutumin zuwa Lampang inda aka gina Wat Phra Kaew Don Tao musamman domin ya gina shi. Buda Emerald ya kasance a wurin har tsawon shekaru 32 sannan, bisa ga umarnin Sarki Tilokaraj, an mayar da shi tare da biki zuwa babban birnin Chiang Mai, inda aka sanya shi a daya daga cikin wuraren shakatawa na Chedi Luang. Buda Emerald ya kasance a wurin har zuwa 1552. A wannan shekarar, Setthathirat, yarima mai jiran gado na daular Laotian Lan Xang, wanda shi ma yake kan karagar Lanna a wancan lokacin, ya kai shi zuwa Luang Prabang. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa Lan Xang ya fuskanci barazanar mamaye Burma kuma a cikin 1564 sarki Setthathirat na yanzu ya canza Buddha zuwa sabon babban birninsa Vientiane, inda aka ba shi mafaka a Haw Phra Kaew na shekaru 214 masu zuwa.

Hoton Buddha Emerald a Wat Phra Kaew (Wanchana Phuangwan / Shutterstock.com)

A shekara ta 1779, shugaban yakin Siamese Chao Phraya Chakri ya kama Vientiane tare da kai mutum-mutumin zuwa babban birnin Siamese Thinburi a lokacin inda ya ajiye shi a wani wurin ibada a Wat Arun. Bayan da Chao Phraya Chakri ya kashe tsohon dan uwansa, mai mulkin Siamese Taksin, a shekara ta 1782, ya karbi mulki ya zauna a kan karagar Siamese a matsayin Ramai. Ya koma babban birnin kasar zuwa Bangkok, a daya gefen Chao Phraya kuma ya sa Wat Phra Kaew ya gina a filin fada, inda Emerald Buddha ke zaune daga wurin bikin ranar 22 ga Maris, 1784 har zuwa yau.

A matsayin mutum-mutumin Buddha da aka fi girmamawa a ƙasar, Emerald Buddha yana kewaye da tatsuniyoyi da almara da yawa. Don haka akwai juzu'i masu yawa game da asalin hoton. Mafi mahimmanci ana iya samun su a cikin Jinakalamali, Rubutun Pali na farko na ƙarni na goma sha biyar da ke da alaƙa da tarihin siyasa da addini na Chiang Mai kuma an rubuta a cikin kusan coeval. Amarakatabuddharupanidana of Tarihin Buddha Emerald. Waɗannan labarai masu ban sha'awa suna nuna yadda wannan dutse mai daraja ya ƙare a Chiang Rai. Bisa ga al'ada, an yi wannan mutum-mutumi a shekara ta 43 BC kuma tare da taimakon allahntaka Vishnu da gunkin Indra ta wurin mai ilimin addinin Buddah mai haske Nagasena a birnin Pataliputra, Patna na yanzu a Indiya. An ce mutum-mutumin ya kasance abin girmamawa na tsawon shekaru dari uku kafin ya koma Sri Lanka yayin da yankin da ke kusa da Pataliputra ya wargaje sakamakon yakin basasa da aka yi. Bisa ga al'ada, an aika da mutum-mutumin daga wurin, tare da nassosin addinin Buddha, zuwa ga Sarkin Burma Anuruth a shekara ta 457 saboda yana so ya goyi bayan yaduwar addinin Buddha a cikin mulkinsa. Duk da haka, jirgin da ke ɗauke da hoton da naɗaɗɗen littattafai ya tashi daga kan hanya saboda mummunar guguwa kuma ya makale a ƙasar Cambodia a yanzu, bayan da kaya mai daraja ya ƙare a Angkor Wat.

Angkor Wat

Akwai babban rashin tabbas game da ainihin abin da ya faru bayan haka. A cewar wata sigar, Siamese sun mamaye daular Khmer mai fama da annoba a cikin 1432 kuma suka ɗauki mutum-mutumi zuwa Ayutthaya. Sannan da an kai shi zuwa Kamphaeng Phet kuma a ƙarshe - saboda dalilan da ba a sani ba - ɓoye a cikin chedi a Chiang Rai. Wannan labarin ba shi da ɗan kwarin gwiwa a kan dalilan tarihi saboda da kyar shekaru biyu za su shuɗe tsakanin korar Angkor da sake bayyana ta mu'ujiza a Chiang Rai. Da alama Siamese ko kuma, mafi daidai, sarakunan Lanna sun mallaki wannan abu tun da farko, saboda wayewar Khmer ta kasance cikin raguwa mai tsanani tun daga ƙarshen karni na sha uku, farkon karni na sha huɗu. Kasance kamar haka: A kan abu ɗaya za mu iya yarda, ainihin asalin Emerald Buddha zai kasance a ɓoye har abada a cikin hazo na lokaci.

Phra Jao Lan Thong (KobchaiMa / Shutterstock.com)

Kusan za mu manta da shi tare da duk labarun game da Emerald green Buddha, amma akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a gano a Wat Phra Kaew. Wannan gidan sufi yana da ɗayan mafi kyawun kuma mafi girma daɗaɗɗen gumakan Buddha tagulla a ƙasar. An gina shi a cikin 1890 a cikin salon Chiangsan, ubosot yana tsaye cikin ɗaukakarsa Phra Jao Lan Thong, wani mutum-mutumi mai shekaru sama da ɗari bakwai wanda asalinsa ya tsaya a Wat Phra Chao Lan Thong amma daga baya aka canza shi zuwa Wat Ngam Muang kuma a ƙarshe, a cikin 1961 Wat Phra Kaew kuma. Hasumiyar Phra Yok irin ta Lanna, a gefe guda, tana ɗauke da hoton Phra Yok Chiang Rai. An kaddamar da Hong Luang Saeng Kaew a harabar haikalin a shekarar 1995 kuma tabbas ya cancanci ziyara. Wannan gini mai hawa biyu wani nau'i ne na karamin gidan tarihi inda, baya ga kayan tarihi na kayan tarihi da aka tono a wurin, ana iya samun galibin abubuwa na tarihi da suka shafi addinin Buddah.