Filin gwaji na demokradiyya a Thailand: Dusit Thani

Mutum-mutumin Sarki Vajiravudh a Lumphini Park a Bangkok

Lokacin da sarki Chulalongkorn ya mutu a shekara ta 1910 bayan sarauta na shekaru arba'in da biyu, babban dansa, Yarima mai shekaru ashirin da tara. Vajiravudh, magajinsa ba tare da jayayya ba.

Yarima ya yi karatu a Ingila: horar da sojoji a Sandhurst, shari'a da tarihi a Oxford. Ya kawo wannan kaya na ruhaniya daga Turai tare da shi wakana. A matsayinsa na sarki, ya hau kan cikakkiyar sarauta, inda sojoji da gwamnatin farar hula suka mamaye dangin sarki (marigayi yana da 'ya'ya saba'in da bakwai!).

Shekaru biyu bayan nadin sarautarsa, Vajiravudh ya fuskanci wata makarkashiya: gungun matasa jami'ai suna da ra'ayoyi game da tsarin mulkin tsarin mulki da kuma wani bangare na jamhuriya. An tattaro kungiyar kuma hatsarin ya kare. Sarkin ya yi imanin cewa Siam ba ya shirye ya canza tsarin mulkinsa daga cikakken tsarin mulki zuwa tsarin mulki, balle jamhuriya! Duk da haka, ya fahimci cewa yana da kyau a rage tasirin 'ya'yan sarauta na kai tsaye, da kuma ba da dama ga abubuwan da suka dace.

Domin yana so ya gwada da wasu nau'o'in gwamnati, sarkin ya kafa wani nau'i na gwaji don mulkin kai a cikin 1918: Dusit Thani, Birnin Sama. Wannan ƙaramin birni ya rufe kusan rabin hectare a cikin lambunan fadar kuma ya haɗa da kowane nau'in gine-gine akan ƙaramin sikelin (1:15): gidaje masu zaman kansu, fadoji, gidajen ibada da abubuwan tarihi, hasumiya mai agogo, gine-ginen gwamnati, bariki, shaguna, asibitoci. otal, banki, koguna da magudanar ruwa. Akwai kuma wuraren shakatawa da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da magudanan ruwa, da tashar kashe gobara da kamfanin lantarki. Sarki shi kadai ya rubuta kundin tsarin mulkin birnin. Tana da mazauna ɗari biyu, waɗanda dole ne su zaɓi gwamnatinsu. Sarkin ya kafa jam'iyyun siyasa guda biyu: Blues da Reds, kuma yana so a dauke shi dan kasa na yau da kullum kamar sauran mazauna.

Don haka ya yi rajista da sunan Nai Ram na Krungthep, a matsayin lauya. Dusit Thani kuma yana da jaridu guda biyu na yau da kullun da kuma mujallar mako-mako kuma waɗannan littattafan lokaci-lokaci suna da sha'awa ta musamman ga Nai Ram saboda yana jin cewa ƙa'idodin aikin jarida na Thai gabaɗaya yana buƙatar haɓakawa.

Manufar Dusit Thani ita ce nuna yadda gwamnatin dimokuradiyya ke aiki. Don haka, an gudanar da zaɓe akai-akai: a cikin shekaru biyu na farko na Dusit Thani har sau bakwai. Wannan yana da yawa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma sarki ya zo da mafita mai kyau: ba kawai sararin samaniya a Dusit Thani ya rage ba, amma har lokaci! An rage lokacin a cikin lambun gwaji zuwa ma'auni na 1:12. Wannan yana nufin cewa wata ɗaya a Dusit Thani yana wakiltar shekara guda, kuma rana ɗaya tana wakiltar kwanaki 12. Don haka zabuka bakwai ba a cikin biyu ba amma a cikin shekaru ashirin da hudu, wanda a zahiri ya saba.

Sarki Vajiravudh

Tambaya ce mai ban sha'awa: shin gaskiya ne cewa idan kun rage sararin samaniya, lokaci kuma ya zama karami, wato, yana tafiya da sauri? Ko a zahiri lokaci yana ƙara tsayi kuma yana raguwa? Ko babu wata alaka kuma ba komai? Shin mutanen da ke cikin ƙananan gidaje suna rayuwa da sauri fiye da mutanen da ke cikin manyan gidaje? Shin lokaci ya wuce da sauri a Madurodam fiye da Amsterdam? Shin kananan halittu, irin su kudajen ’ya’yan itace da beraye, suna rayuwa da sauri fiye da manya, kamar giwaye da whale? Gabaɗaya, girman abu mai rai, tsawon rayuwarsa, amma hakan bai ce komai ba game da saurin da yake rayuwa. Bari a bar abin da ake ji game da shi. Shin bera zai yi tunanin cewa yana rayuwa da sauri, giwa da yake rayuwa a hankali? Shin lokaci yana wucewa da sauri ko kuma a hankali sosai don mayfly? 'Lokacin da aka haife ni rana tana can, yanzu da na tsufa rana tana can. Babu wani abu kuma da ya faru a rayuwata!'

Batu mai ban tsoro! Na ɗan duba daidaitaccen aikin a wannan yanki, wato Gulliver's Travels na Jonathan Swift, amma hakan bai faɗi cewa lokacin dwarfs a Lilliput zai sami saurin daban ba fiye da na ƙattai a Brobdingnag. Ko da Einstein, wani iko da ba a jayayya a fagen dangi, ni ba ni da hikima game da wannan. Ya yi gwaje-gwaje iri-iri na tunani, amma ba game da raguwar sararin samaniya ko girman girman da kuma matsayin lokacin girma a cikinta ba.

Ina dai cewa sarki ya kara lokaci domin ya samu damar gudanar da zabuka a dakin gwaje-gwajensa, mai dafawa dimokuradiyya, kuma ba shakka ya yi gaskiya game da hakan. A kodayaushe dan takara Nai Ram na Krungthep ne ya lashe wadannan zabukan, domin wata gada ce ta dimokuradiyya da ta yi nisa ga Siamese ta kawo wani kan karagar mulki ta hanyar akwatin zabe.

Sarkin ya rasu a shekara ta 1924, yana da shekaru arba'in da hudu kacal. Dusit Thani ya ruguje bayan mutuwarsa kuma ya bace daga doron kasa. An tilasta wa magajinsa, ƙanensa Prajadhipok, ya amince da kundin tsarin mulki a wani juyin mulkin da ba na tashin hankali da wasu gungun sojoji da fararen hula suka yi a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 1932, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen mulkin shekaru ɗari bakwai na cikakken sarauta a Siam.

Amma wannan labari ne kwata-kwata...