Sarki Naresuan Mai Girma

Abin tunawa na Sarki Naresuan a Ayutthaya

A watan Janairu na kowace shekara daya daga cikin TailandiaManyan jaruman da suka gabata, sarki Naresuan Babban, wanda aka saba girmamawa a Ayutthaya. Amma musamman a Pitsanulok, wanda ya taba zama babban birnin daular Siamese.

Shi ne wanda ya kafa daular Siamese, wanda ya yi yaƙi da yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa. Soja a dabara yana da ƙware sosai kuma yana da hazaka, shi ne “mai ƙirƙira” yaƙe-yaƙe da dabarun yaƙin duniya. An yi fina-finan Thai da yawa game da rayuwarsa a cikin karni na 16/17, wanda ya samu manyan nasarori a ofisoshin akwatin. Wannan shine tarihin rayuwarsa:

An haifi Sarki Naresuan a matsayin Yarima Naret a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 1555 a Pitsanulok ga Sarki Maha Thammaraja da matarsa ​​Wisutkarat Phra Chan. Mahaifinsa babban mutum ne mai fada a ji daga Sukhothai, wanda ya zama sarki a shekara ta 1548 kuma ya yi mulki har zuwa 1568. Yarima Naret ya zama sananne da Black Prince, sabanin kanensa Ekathotsarot, wanda ake kira da White Prince. An san yayarsa Supankanlaya da Gimbiya Zinariya.

A shekara ta 1563, Sarki Bayinnaung na Pegu, na kasar Burma, ya kewaye birnin Pitsanulok, kuma dole ne sarki Maha Thammaraja ya mika wuya. Masarautar Sukhothai ta zama jihar vassal ta Pegu. Maha Thammaraja ya ci gaba da zama sarki, amma a matsayin tabbacin amincinsa ga sarkin Pegu, an yi garkuwa da ’ya’yansa maza guda biyu aka yi girma a fadar Sarki Bayinnaung. An koyar da su musamman fasahar Martial na Burma da Fotigal, wanda daga baya zai taimaka wa Yarima Naret musamman don kayar da Burma iri ɗaya. A cikin 1569, Ayutthaya shi ma sarkin Pegu ya kama Ayutthaya ya kama shi sannan kuma ya nada Maha Thammaraja sarkin wannan kasa ta vassal. A cikin wannan shekarar, an saki sarakunan biyu Naret da Ekathotsarot daga bauta a Pegu a madadin Gimbiya Suphankanlaya, wanda daga baya ya zama masoyin Bayinnaung.

Wani sassaken katako na giwayen Sarki Naresuan da yarima mai jiran gado na Burma a Don Chedi Memorial

Yarima Naret yana da shekaru 14 a duniya mahaifinsa ya nada shi Sarkin Pitsanulok kuma aka bashi suna King Naresuan. Dole ne ya kare yankin arewa na masarautar a kan Khmer, wanda ya ci nasara a yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa. Don haka ya sami kyakkyawan suna a matsayin babban janar. Koyaya, Naresuan ya fahimci sosai cewa zai iya ɗaukar Khmer, amma ba zai taɓa iya yaƙar sojojin Burma ba. Kayan aikinsu da adadinsu ya zarce na sojojin Ayutthaya, kuma a yakin Naresuan za a ci nasara. Godiya ga dimbin horon soji da ya yi a Pegu, Naresuan ya mai da hankali kan sabbin dabaru a dabarun soja. Ya kafa rundunar sa kai, wadanda ya kira Damisa Daji, wadanda dole ne su shiga yaki da sauri da mamaki. Ya halicci rundunar ‘yan daba, ko da yake a lokacin ba a kira ta ba.

A shekara ta 1575 sojojin sun cika kuma sun shirya sosai, an gyara katangar Ayutthaya kuma an ƙarfafa su, kuma a lokacin ne Naresuan tare da izinin mahaifinsa ya yanke dangantaka da Pegu. Daga nan ne sojojin Burma suka shiga arewacin masarautar tare da dakaru masu yawa domin dawo da zaman lafiya. A yanzu Naresuan na amfani da wata sabuwar dabara, wato dabarar da ba ta da kyau ta duniya. Wannan sabuwar dabarar tana nufin cewa Naresuan ya yi ja da baya na dabara, amma ya bar filayen kona, ƙauyuka da garuruwa a baya don ci gaban sojojin Burma. Naresuan ne ya kwashe shanun ko kuma ya sa guba a nan take. Daruruwan 'yan kasar Burma ne ake kashewa sakamakon hare-haren 'yan ta'adda a kullum na kwanton bauna. Ragowar dai ba wai kawai wadannan hare-haren ba ne, har ma da yunwa, wanda ya sa sojojin Burma suka janye gaba daya. Naresuan shine babban mai nasara saboda sabbin dabarunsa.

Monument na King Naresuan a Wat Yai Chai Mongkhon a Ayutthaya

Sarki Bayinnaung ya rasu a shekara ta 1581 kuma dansa Nanda Bayin ya gaje shi. Bayan shekaru biyu, fada tsakanin kasashen biyu ya sake kunno kai. Sarakunan biyu sun san juna tun lokacin da aka tsare Naresuan a gidan yari a Pegu kuma ba abokan juna ba ne. Nayin Bandin ya umarci dansa Minchit Sra ya kama shi ya kashe Naresuan. Koyaya, Naresuan yana sane da waɗannan tsare-tsaren, waɗanda tsoffin abokai biyu daga kotun Pegu suka gaya masa. Yakin kogin Sittoung ya biyo baya, inda Naresuan ya yi nasarar kashe babban hafsan sojojin Burma tare da harbin kan mai uwa da wabi. Daga nan sai Minchit Sra ya bar fadan ya janye.

A cikin wannan shekarar, Naresuan ya ba da umarnin a kwashe dukkan garuruwan arewacin kasar ciki har da Pitsanulok, saboda a kan gaba wajen yakin da ake yi tsakanin Ayutthaya da Pegu. Hakika Nanda Bayin bai daina fada ba, domin a cikin shekaru masu zuwa an kara kai hare-hare kan Ayutthaya, wanda a ko da yaushe Naresuan ke fatattakarsa, musamman ta hanyar dabarunsa na soja. Bayan yakin 1586, Naresuan ya koma arewa ya kama Chiang Mai, babban birnin masarautar Lanna.

A ranar 29 ga Yuli, 1590, an naɗa Naresuan sarauta a matsayin Somdet Phra Sanphet II, sarkin Ayutthaya, bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Daga nan sai Minchit Sra ya sake yunkurin kai hari Ayutthaya kuma ya ci gaba ta hanyar wucewar Pagodas guda uku (Dan Chedi Sam Ong), amma kuma sojojinsa sun ci nasara kuma dole ne ya janye.

Cikakken bayanin abin tunawa da Don Chedi a cikin Suphan Buri

Da alama babu ƙarshen hare-haren na Burma, domin a cikin 1592 sun sake kai hari. Minchti Sra, ya sake yin maci ta hanyar Wucewa na Pagodas uku kuma ya isa Suphanburi ba tare da juriya ba. Naresuan yana zaune a Nong Sarai kuma a nan ne yaƙin ya barke. An gwabza kazamin fada, inda giwaye suka yi tambari daga bangarorin biyu suna tada hankali. Naresuan yana son yaƙin gaskiya kuma yana ƙalubalantar Minchit Sra zuwa duel na sirri. Kowannensu ya hau kan giwa sai su shiga yaki, wanda aka fi sani da Yuttahhadhi (yakin giwaye), kuma a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 1593, Mincht Sra ya ci Naresuan ya kashe shi. Har ya zuwa yau, ana bikin wannan rana a kasar Thailand a matsayin ranar sojoji.

Daga nan Naresuan ya juya gabas don yakar Khmer. An aika da sojoji hudu don yin tafiya ta Champasak (a kudancin Laos), Banteymas (yanzu Ha Tien) a Vietnam, Siem Reap da Battambang zuwa Lovek, wanda ya kasance babban birnin Cambodia tun 1431. Sojojin Naresuan sun yi awon gaba da Lovek. Sarkin Cambodia, Borommaraja V dole ne ya gudu zuwa Viang Chan. Naresuan ya ɗauki ɗan'uwansa Sri Suriyopor a matsayin garkuwa da 'yar sarki a matsayin uwargidansa.

A cikin 1595, Naresuan ya kai hari Pegu kuma ya kewaye shi har tsawon watanni uku. Haɗin gwiwar sojojin sarakunan Ava, Pyay da Toungo sun fatattaki wannan harin, wanda ya tilastawa Naresuan janyewa. A shekara ta 1599 an sake kai wa Pegu hari, amma mai mulkin Toungoo ya ji tsoron kar kame Pegu zai baiwa Ayutthaya karfin iko kuma ya ci Pegu ya yi garkuwa da sarki Nanda Bayin. A ƙarshe Naresuan ya isa Pegu, amma ya ga an lalata shi gaba ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da mai mulkin Toungo ya kai masa hari, Naresuan ya janye.

A shekara ta 1600, masarautar Ayutthaya ta kai girmanta kuma ita ce babbar iko a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Sarki Naresuan ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 1605 a Wiang Haeng (yanzu amphoe a lardin Chiang Mai), mai yiwuwa na ƙanƙara. Sarki Naresuan ya cancanci lakabin Babban, domin ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan dabarun soja a kudu maso gabashin Asiya kuma ya kawo masarauta ga babban ci gaba. Thais kuma sun riƙe shi a cikin zukatansu a matsayin Babban, ya ci Khmer, ya mai da Burma ƙarami kuma ya mai da Ayutthaya girma.

Fassara daga Jamusanci zuwa labarin Dr. Volker Wangemann in "Der Farang"