Tarihin Layin Jirgin Kasa na Thai
Jirgin kaya da mutane Tailandia ya faru ne a kan koguna da magudanar ruwa ko kuma a kan kasa tsawon karnoni da dabbobi irin su shanu, bahaya, dawakai, giwaye da katukan bijimi.
Ba a san zirga-zirgar dogo na cikin gida a Thailand ba har zuwa ƙarni na 19. Shi ne Sarkin Thai Chulalongkorn (Rama V), wanda ta hanyar yawancinsa tafiya da sanin ci gaban fasaha da masana'antu a Asiya da Turai, sun fara haɓaka hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa na Thai. Hanyar hanyar jirgin kasa ba kawai za ta inganta hanyoyin sadarwa na cikin gida ba, wanda zai amfanar da jama'a da tattalin arziki, har ma zai zama hanya mai kyau na kare yankin Thailand daga yaduwar mulkin mallaka da ke faruwa a kasashe makwabta.
A cikin Oktoba 1890, Sarki Chulalongkorn ya amince da kafa ma'aikatar jiragen kasa, kuma a cikin 1891, an fara titin jirgin kasa na farko a wancan lokacin Siam, daga Bangkok zuwa Nakhon Ratchasima. Jirgin kasa na farko daga Bangkok zuwa Ayutthaya ya gudana a ranar 26 ga Maris, 1894 kuma an fadada hanyar layin dogo a hankali.
Ranar Uban Jirgin Jirgin Ruwa - KITTIKUN YOKSAP / Shutterstock.com
An raba ma’aikatar layin dogo zuwa sassa biyu, na Arewa da na Kudu. Layin dogo na Arewa shine ke da alhakin layin dogo a yammacin kogin Chao Phaya kuma layin dogo na kudu yana da aiki iri daya na layin dogo na gabashin kogin. Yawancin Turawa sun yi aiki a sassan biyu, wanda a cikin dogon lokaci ana la'akari da tsada sosai. Duk sassan biyu sun haɗu a cikin 1917 kuma sun zama layin dogo na jihar Royal na Siam.
Matsalar fasaha ta taso a cikin ci gaba da haɓaka hanyoyin jiragen ƙasa. Tsohon layin dogo na Arewa yana da ma'aunin mita 1,4435 kuma layin dogo na Kudancin ya yi amfani da ma'aunin mita 1,00 na al'ada na duniya. Hakan bai yi kyau ba ga ci gaban hanyoyin jiragen kasa baki daya kuma bisa ga dokar sarauta an sanya fadin titin ga daukacin kasar zuwa mita 1,00, daidai da fadin layin a Malaysia, Burma da Cambodia. Daidaita duk layin dogo na 1,4435 ya ɗauki shekaru goma kuma an kammala shi a cikin 1930.
Har zuwa 1910, ƙarshen lokacin Rama V, an gina layin dogo na kilomita 932. An ci gaba da fadada aikin a karkashin wadannan sarakuna, ta yadda a shekarar 1946 aka kammala aikin layin dogo na kilomita 2518. Hakan zai iya yin tsayi da yawa idan yakin duniya na biyu bai barke ba. Sai kuma layin dogo a Thailand ya sha wahala sosai daga yawan tashin bama-bamai. An lalata gine-gine da dama, gadoji, kayan aikin jirgin kasa, titin dogo, sannan an gyara komai da sake ginawa bayan yakin.
Wani sabon juyi shine tsarin doka na 1952, inda sunan yanzu na hukuma Jihar Railway na Thailand taso daga. Hanyar hanyar dogo a halin yanzu tana kan nisan kilomita 4100 zuwa duk sassan Thailand. Hakanan ita ce mafi girman ma'aikata na jiha tare da ma'aikata sama da 26.000.
Daidaitaccen ma'auni shine 144,5 cm kuma shine mafi amfani a duk duniya. Mita 1 na waƙar ana kiranta kunkuntar ma'auni.
A Swizalan ana samun wannan akan tudu masu yawan gaske. (ciki har da hanyar sadarwa na Railway Rhaetian)
Na karanta cewa a lokacin an zaɓi zaɓi na mita 1 na waƙa a Thailand don dalilai na tattalin arziki. Ƙunƙarar ma'auni ya fi arha don ginawa fiye da ma'auni.
Ƙunƙarar ma'auni (mita 1) bai dace da manyan layukan gudu ba.
Hansy,
Matsakaicin daidaitaccen layin dogo shine 143,5 cm.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai faɗin waƙa a Turai (Spain, Finland, Rasha, Ireland).
Har ila yau, 'yan layi na 100 cm, nan da can.
Wani kamfanin kasar Jamus ne ya gina layin dogo na farko a kasar Thailand a tsawon santimita 143,5.
Na yi imani a lokacin yakin duniya na farko, wani kamfani na Ingilishi ya dauki nauyin ginin, wanda ya yi amfani da fadin 100 cm, kamar yadda a Indiya, Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia.
Sakamakon shine iyakataccen matsakaicin matsakaicin gudu, ƙananan nauyin axle, da ƙari na waɗannan abubuwan ƙuntatawa.
Bari in dawo wurin Mario na ɗan lokaci.
Ainihin gina HSL Asd-Bd-Belgium da gaske ya ɗauki shekaru 3 da watanni 9 kawai.
An yi hasarar lokaci mai yawa saboda siyan ƙasa, damuwa game da tasirin jirgin ƙasa (ERTS) da rashin daidaituwa na Dutch da aka saba da shi da kuma yanayin muhalli.
Ina tsammanin Thais ba sa fuskantar irin waɗannan matsalolin.
Kuma tabbas Sinawa suna iya gina HSL har zuwa kilomita 3 cikin sa'a guda tare da nisan kilomita 4-250 cikin shekaru 400-600.
Babbar matsalar ita ce Bangkok, kuma idan aka zaɓi Suvarnibhumi a matsayin tasha a Bangkok, ba zato ba tsammani akwai ƙaramar matsala.
Ba zato ba tsammani, ya danganta da ƙasan ƙasa, yana iya ko ba zai zama dole don tuƙi tari yayin amfani da magudanar ruwa ba.
Haƙiƙanin iyawar ƙasa don magudanar ruwa yana ƙayyade nau'in da girman nau'in yadudduka na dutsen da aka niƙa, kuma wannan yana ƙayyade nau'in masu bacci, ƙarfin dogo.
Ba zato ba tsammani, idan aka yi la'akari da sabuwar fasahar na'urorin dizal, waɗanda za a iya isa da sauri a matakin HSL, yana yiwuwa Sinawa za su yanke shawarar gina hanyar sadarwa na diesel.
Wannan yana haifar da babban bambanci a cikin farashi (babu layi na kan gaba, wuraren zama, da sauransu) da lokacin jagorar gini.
A hanyar, ana amfani da ma'auni na 143,5 cm akan HSL, HSL a Spain kuma yana da 143,5 cm, yayin da sauran Spain suna da ma'auni mafi girma.
Na san wani abu game da shi, ni mai sha'awar jirgin kasa ne da kaina.
A Indiya, babbar hanyar sadarwa ita ce ma'auni mai faɗi (167,6 cm). Wannan ya kasance ma'aunin mita. Tuni an canza kilomita 24.000 daga cikin kilomita 30.000 na hanya.
Indonesiya tana da hanyar Cape Trail. Wannan 106,7 cm ne, kuma ba a amfani da shi sosai a duk duniya.
Ban yi imani cewa diesel na iya tuka HSL ba. Don jiragen ƙasa na HSL kuna buƙatar ƙarfin kusan 5.000 kW a gaba da na baya, don baiwa jirgin ƙasa babban gudu da ƙarfin ja akan gangara (a cikin DLD da FR kusan 5%).
A cikin Amurka, ƙasar diesel, an yi raka'a 6-axle tare da "kawai" 3.200 kW. (misali SD90MAC). An kuma isar da waɗannan motocin da 4400 kW, amma an cire su daga samarwa saboda manyan matsaloli.
to,
Koma tashar Bangkok.
An zaɓi sabon tashar tsakiya "Bang-Sue" (a bayan kasuwar Chatuchak). A lokacin gini, an yanke shawarar tsawaita dandamali don su dace da HSL. Layin Red-Line yana gudana daga tsakiyar tashar "Bang-Sue" ta hanyar Lak-Si da Don Muang zuwa Rangsit wani babban BTS ne a sama, wanda yanzu an yi waƙoƙi 4. 2 waƙoƙi don BTS da 2 waƙoƙi don layin dogo. Matsakaicin tsaka-tsaki, jiragen dakon kaya da HSL na gaba dole ne su ci gaba da wannan.
Bayan Rangsit akwai daki don layin HSL daban. An gina tsaka-tsakin tashoshi ta yadda BTS ke gudana a waje sannan kuma jiragen kasa a kan hanyoyi biyu na ciki, kawai sun wuce tashar Don Muang, (wanda aka gani daga Bangkok) hanyoyin jiragen kasa suna kaiwa gefen dama. suna kuma da waya ta sama . BTS yana da hanyar dogo mai jagora.
Bayan kimanin kilomita 4, bayan tashar Den Muang ta hanyar Rangsit, waƙoƙin suna zuwa kibiya 0 (bene na ƙasa), wanda ba shakka yana da haɗari ga ɗan Thai. Ƙasar Thai tana karya da mafi sauƙi, rami a cikin shinge don tafiya zuwa wancan gefen, zai fi dacewa da babur ko keken hannu da duka. Ina kuma hango mutuwar dole a nan gaba.
Ban sani ba ko za a kiyaye hanyoyin dogo na "tsofaffin" har sai Don Muang, a kowane hali ba a sake yin wani gyara a kan mashigin ruwa. Don Muang da ya gabata, BTS za ta yi tuƙi a kan tsohuwar hanyar jirgin ƙasa kuma "tsofaffin" dogo za su lalace. Tashoshi 5 na farko sun riga sun kasance a matakin ci gaba. Don Muang kawai (sau biyu idan dai sauran 2) da Bang-Sue har yanzu suna da babban aiki a yi.
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Dangane da sabbin rahotanni, isar da saƙon yana cikin 2020.
Gaisuwa Gerrit daga Lak-Si (Bangkok)
Kuma idan, alal misali, a kan kunkuntar ma'auni na dogo jiragen ruwa masu dacewa da masu barci sun yi tsayi da 3 cm, kuna cikin matsala! Tare da faɗin ma'auni, matafiyi yana jin ƙirƙira zuwa dama. Amma tare da kunkuntar ma'auni, keken dogo ko ma jirgin gaba daya yana hannun dama na dogo!!
Hakan ya faru a wasu lokuta a hanyar zuwa Chiangmai shekaru 2 da suka gabata. Har aka rufe aka gyara.
Kuna iya jin yana zuwa: a kan buɗaɗɗen gudu jirgin ya sake juya gefensa! Ba zan iya cewa ko kafadar hagu ce ko dama ba.
Era
A cikin shekarun 1876 an yi balaguron neman gaskiya da Daular Burtaniya ta shirya don kafa hanyar jirgin kasa daga Maulmein a Myanmar ta hanyar yankin Tak a Thailand zuwa Chiang Mai da Chiang Rai da nufin arewacin Chiang Rai a Myanmar sannan lankwasa. gabas zuwa Yunnan na kasar Sin.
Idan zan iya ba da shawarar littafi mai girma game da wannan: 'Miles Dubu akan Giwa a cikin Jihohin Shan' na marubuci Holt S Hallet. Littafin yana cikin Turanci amma ana iya samun fassarara akan intanet a shafin yanar gizo.
Ya kuma ambaci yiwuwar haɗi zuwa hanyar da ba a wanzu ba tukuna a Thailand. Birtaniya sun so su takaita tasirin Faransanci (Laos da Vietnam ta yau) ta hanyar bude layin kasuwanci zuwa kasar Sin. Shi kansa layin ba a gina shi ba kuma a iya sanina har yanzu babu wata alaka da layin dogo na Myanmar.
Idan kuna son karantawa game da ci gaban layin dogo na Thai zuwa kudu, zaku iya nemo littafin Henry Gittins mai suna 'On Track'. Littafin na Turanci ne.
Gittin ya yi majagaba a cikin shekarun 1885 kuma ya zama shugaban gudanarwa na layin dogo na Siamese. Shi ne ya haɗa Hua Hin kuma ya haɓaka layin zuwa kudu. Amma kuma ya yi aiki a kan layin dogo na Kanada.
BBC tana da kyawawan jeri game da layin dogo na Asiya, gami da Thailand: Babban Tafiya na Railway na Asiya. Baya ga kyawawan hotuna daga jiragen kasa da hanyoyi daban-daban, akwai kuma mai da hankali ga al'adun gida a wuraren da mai gabatarwa Michael ke ziyarta. Watsawa ta Belgian bara. Karin bayani: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000dtbn