Janar-janar da suka kira harbin: Thanom Kittikachorn

Thanom Kittikachorn

Idan akwai wani ci gaba a cikin siyasar Thai mai rikice-rikice sama da shekaru ɗari da suka gabata ko makamancin haka, soja ne. Tun bayan juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 1932, wanda ya kawo karshen mulkin kama-karya, sojoji sun kwace mulki a kasar Smiles ba kasa da sau goma sha biyu ba. A karo na karshe da hakan ya faru ne a ranar 22 ga watan Mayun 2014, lokacin da babban hafsan hafsan sojin kasar Janar Prayut Chan-o-cha, ya ga ya dace a daidaita al'amura a kasar Thailand, wanda a wancan lokacin ke fama da rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa, da juyin mulki.

Yawancin wadannan juyin mulkin sun amfana da janar-janar da abin ya shafa kuma wasu sun bar tarihi mai gamsarwa a tarihin Thailand. Wani wanda ya yi hakan cikin gamsarwa shi ne Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn wanda za a iya kwatanta tsarin mulkinsa da kama-karya ba tare da kokwanto ba. Shekara guda kafin ya rasu yana da shekaru 92 a duniya, ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "wanda aka yi masa wani makarkashiyar siyasa." Yawancin sauran Thailand da duniya, duk da haka, suna kallon filin Marshal mai murmushi a matsayin mai mulkin kama karya, azzalumi kuma fitaccen mai zaluntar 'yancin dimokradiyya.

An haife shi a ranar 11 ga Agusta, 1911 a lardin Tak da ke arewacin kasar a cikin dangin Sino-Thai. Mahaifinsa ma'aikacin gwamnati ne, wanda hakan ya sauwaka fiye da sauran 'yan kasarsa samun shiga Kwalejin Soja a matsayin dalibi. Kasancewar Spartan a cikin Kwalejin ya yi masa kyau kuma bayan ya kammala karatunsa an ba shi mukamin laftanar a cikin VII.^e Sojojin dakaru sun yi garkuwa da su a Chiang Mai. Ya yi aiki mai sauri kuma da barkewar yakin duniya na biyu ya riga ya zama babba. Ya yi aiki a Jihar Shan ta Burma, wanda sojojin Thai da na Japan suka mamaye.

Halayensa na ƙware a wurin ya sa ya zama Laftanar Kanal. Amma a halin da ake ciki shi ma yana da burin siyasa kuma a cikin 1957 Kanar Thanarat - daya daga cikin tsoffin abokan aikinsa a Burma - ya yi nasarar juyin mulki, Thanom yana can. Wannan yunkuri na dabara bai yi masa illa ba. Jim kadan bayan wannan juyin mulkin, sabbin sarakunan sun ba shi ladan karin girma zuwa Kanar kuma aka ba shi shugabancin XI.^e Sashen sojoji. Kyakkyawan gabatarwa ga jami'i mai kishi, amma yana son ƙari. A shekarar 1951 ya samu mukamin Manjo Janar kuma ya fara yin fice a fagen siyasa bayan an nada shi dan majalisa. Bayan da aka yi nasarar murkushe tawaye bayan shekaru biyu, an ba shi tukuicin nada shi a matsayin Laftanar Janar. Hakazalika al'amura sun tafi daidai a gare shi domin a shekarar 1955 an nada shi mataimakin minista a majalisar ministocin firaminista kuma Field Marshal Phibun Songkhram.

Sai dai kuma hakan bai hana shi yin zagon kasa ba a daidai wannan lokacin zuwa ga wata kungiyar adawa mai ra'ayin rikau, mai suna 'sakdina', karkashin jagorancin abokin aikinsa Laftanar Janar Sarit Thanarat, na hannun daman Phibun 'mai aminci'. A lokacin da a karshen wa'adin mulkin Phibun aka kara sukar gwamnatinsa, Sarit ya yi nasarar juyin mulki a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 1957 tare da taimakon Thanom, da dai sauransu, da kuma watakila ma Amurka. Thanom dai ya samu kyautar kujerar ministan tsaro a gwamnatin yar tsana ta Pote Sarasin, wadda ya kamata ta share wa Sarit hanya.

A shekarar 1958 ya zama firayim minista kuma ministan tsaro na tsawon watanni tara, amma sai ya mika wa Sarit mukamin firaminista. Nan da nan bayan mutuwarsa a 1963, ya sake zama firayim minista har zuwa 1971 da kuma daga 1972 zuwa 1973. Dalilin da ya sa bai zama firaminista ba daga 1971-72 shi ne don ya yanke shawarar cewa barazanar gurguzu tana da tsanani sosai ta yadda Thailand ba za ta iya kafa tsarin mulki ba. gwamnatin dimokradiyya. Don haka ya yi wa gwamnatinsa juyin mulki, ya rusa majalisa ya nada kansa a matsayin shugaban majalisar zartarwa ta kasa. Duk da tsarin dimokuradiyya, gwamnatinsa ta murkushe hatta 'yan adawa masu sassaucin ra'ayi tare da share 'yan adawa a majalisar dokoki. Shi da abokansa - dansa Laftanar Kanar Narong Kittikachorn da kuma surukin Narong Field Marshal Prapas Charusathien - kuma an ruwaito sun yi amfani da kudaden gwamnati don amfanin kansu - musamman daga irin caca na hukuma - kuma sun sayar da kwangiloli ga abokai da kamfanoni a musayar kaso mai tsoka na biredin da ya bace kai tsaye cikin aljihunsu.

Mulkin Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn ya shahara saboda kusancinsa da Amurka. A lokacin yakin Vietnam, gwamnatinsa ta ba da dama ga dubun-dubatar sojojin Amurka da aka jibge a Thailand da Amurka don gina sansanonin jiragen sama wadanda daga nan ne za su gudanar da mafi yawan hare-haren bam a Arewacin Vietnam da Laos. Don musanya wannan sha'awar, Tailandia ta sami babban tallafi daga Amurka kuma hakan ya sa sojojin Thai, waɗanda su ne manyan masu karɓar wannan tallafi, da ƙarfi sosai. Irin sojojin sun yi mulki ne ta hanyar kama-karya, ba tare da majalisar dokoki ba, ba tare da wani zabe ba, ba tare da an danganta su da kowa ba sai Amurka…

Duk da yadda ya tunkari safofin hannu na ƙarfe ga 'yan adawa, suka da adawa da mulkin Thanom ya ƙaru. An ƙara jin muryoyin shirya zaɓe na 'yanci da sake shigar da majalisa. Budaddiyar zanga-zangar da ta samo asali daga jami'o'i ta karu a cikin shekarar 1974 zuwa wani gangami wanda ya kawo masu zanga-zangar sama da rabin miliyan a titunan Bangkok daga ranar 9 ga Oktoba. A yayin da wadannan talakawan suka bayyana bukatarsu a fadar a ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba, sojojin da ke samun goyon bayan tankokin yaki da jirage masu saukar ungulu, sun nufi wajen masu zanga-zangar. Maimakon wasu gyare-gyaren kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, masu zanga-zangar sun sami ruwan harsashi. Akalla 77 daga cikinsu - kuma mai yiwuwa da yawa - an kashe sannan 857 sun jikkata. Sai dai a maimakon rufe bakin masu sukar Thanom, an tilastawa sarki Bhumibol Adulyadej shiga ciki tare da korar mai goyon bayan Thanom nan take. Ya gudu a wannan rana tare da dansa Narong da Field Marshal Prapas Charusathien zuwa Amurka sannan Singapore. Lokacin da sabuwar gwamnati ta kwace kadarorinsu bayan 'The Flight of the Three Azzalumai', sun kasance suna da darajar dala miliyan 30…

Thanom Kittikachorn Hotuna: Wikipedia

Nasarar da 'yan gurguzu suka samu a Vietnam da Cambodia a cikin watan Afrilun 1975, da 'yan gurguzu da suka yi a Laos, da kuma boren 'yan gurguzu mai karamci a Tailandia da kanta ya haifar da sabon danniya ga 'yan adawa a daidai wannan lokacin. Tsoron kwaminisanci ya yi zurfi kuma duk wanda ya soki gwamnatin Thailand ba da jimawa ba ana zarginsa a matsayin 'kwaminisanci' kuma an bar shi ya kalli kidayarsa...

Sabuwar gwamnati ta bar Thanom ya dawo a watan Oktoba 1976, abin da ya tsoratar da daliban. Ya yi wannan sanye da riguna masu launin saffron na novice sufaye kuma ya shiga gidan sarauta na Wat Bowiniwet. Ana ganin dawowar sa a matsayin tsokana ce tsantsa daga 'yancin siyasa da haifar da sabon tashin hankali. Mutane da yawa sun yi tunanin dawowar sa ba zato ba tsammani zai iya zama mafarin zuwa wani sashe, don haka suka sake fitowa kan tituna a kusa da Jami'ar Thammarat. Kungiyoyin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da ke da alaka da jami'an tsaro sun mamaye harabar jami'ar a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1976 don rufe bakin 'yan adawa. Wani zubar jini ne. Akalla dalibai 40 ne suka mutu sannan wasu da dama suka jikkata.

Thanom ya bace kuma ya bace bayan ya kwato wani kaso mai kyau na kadarorin da ya kama a boye. Ya guje wa hasashe kuma da gangan ya kaurace wa siyasa. Ya rasu a ranar 16 ga Yuni, 2004 a Babban Ofishin Bangkok. Sarki ne ya dauki nauyin kula da lafiyarsa. Sarauniya Sirkit ta yi wannan karramawa ne a madadin mijinta a wurin bikin kona gawar Thanom. An baje kolin nasa, tare da lambobin yabo na gida da na waje da yawa, gami da Grand Cross na Dutch na Order of Orange-Nassau da Ribbon of Grand Officer na Belgian Order na Leopold I….