ƴan titunan tarihi a Bangkok

Chao Phraya a Bangkok

Ba za ku faɗi hakan ba da farko, amma titunan Bangkok ba kawai sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen buɗe birnin ba, har ma da ainihin ci gaban birane.

Tun asali, yawancin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a babban birnin Thailand - kamar dai yadda aka saba yi a magabatan Ayutthaya - suna tafiya ne ta jirgin ruwa. Hanyar Chao Phraya ita ce babbar hanya, yayin da yawancin klongs ko magudanar ruwa suka zama hanyoyin gida. Jirgin ruwa yana da babban fa'ida cewa yana da matukar sauri fiye da jigilar ƙasa. Kwale-kwale sun yi sauri fiye da kulolin bijimai da aka ɗora su, haka kuma, ana zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a kan tituna ko hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, wanda ba abin daɗi ba ne, musamman a lokacin damina.

Dalilin gina titin 'zamani' na farko a Bangkok shi ne takardar koke da aka kai wa Sarki Mongkut a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 1861 ta hannun wasu jakadan kasashen Yamma. A ciki sun koka kan matsalar rashin lafiyar da suke fama da ita a dalilin...rashin titin da za su iya tafiya da doki da kwarya. Sun bukaci sarkin da ya gina sabuwar hanya mai fadi a gabashin Chao Phraya a bayan gundumar inda akasarin ofisoshin jakadanci da kasuwanci na yammacin duniya suke. Sarki ya amince da bukatar kuma ya ba da umarnin a gina wannan kwatankwacin kogin, mataki biyu.

Hanyar ta taso ne daga tsohon tudun birni, ta tsallaka mashigar ruwa ta Phadung Krumg Kasem sannan ta ci gaba ta cikin Quarter na Turai zuwa karshen Bang Kho Laem, inda kogin ya yi karkata zuwa gabas. Mataki na biyu, a cikin tsoffin ganuwar birni, ya tashi daga Wat Pho zuwa sashin farko a Saphan Lek. Ginin, wanda shi ne na farko da aka fara aiki tare da shimfidar tushe mai tushe, an fara shi ne a shekara ta 1862. Aikin ya ci gaba da tafiya yadda ya kamata, domin a ranar 16 ga Maris, 1864, hanyar da aka bude wa zirga-zirga. Ba al'ada ba ne a wancan lokacin ba da sunan tituna a hukumance kuma titin ya zama sananne da Thanon Mai ko Sabuwar Titin. Daga baya ne Mongkut ya sanya mata suna Charoen Krung, wanda ke nufin "birni mai wadata" ko "wadatar birni". A 1922, dukan hanyar da aka gyara da kuma kwalta. A yau, tsawon aikin Charoen Krung yana da kilomita 8,6. Hanyar ta fara ne a titin Sanam Chai a babban fadar kuma ta ƙare a asibitin Charoenkrung Pracharak.

Hanyar Charoen Krung (Sunat Praphanwong / Shutterstock.com)

Kusan nan da nan bayan da aka kammala titin Charoen Krung, sarkin ya haƙa magudanar ruwa daga ofishin jakadancin Faransa zuwa mashigin Thanon Trong, wanda ya haɗa ƙarshen zuwa kogin Chao Phraya ta hanyar Canal Bang Rak. An yi amfani da kasan da aka bushe don gina wata sabuwar hanya wacce ke tafiya tare da magudanar ruwa a gabar kudu, wacce ta hada hanyoyin Charoen Krung da Trong. Ginin ya ci kuɗi da yawa don haka Mongkut tare da dagewa ya nemi gudummawar kuɗi daga masu hannu da shuni, waɗanda suka taimaka wajen gina gadoji a kan magudanar ruwa da ke kan hanyar. Sabuwar magudanar ruwa da titin da farko an san su da Khlong Khwang da Thanon Khwang amma daga baya aka sami sunan Si Lom, wanda a zahiri ke fassara da injin niƙa. Mai yiwuwa dai ana magana ne kan wata injin sarrafa iskar da aka gina a yankin kusa da injinan shinkafa na dan kasuwan nan na Jamus Pickenpack, wanda shi ma karamin jakadan kasar Holland ne a birnin Bangkok na wani dan lokaci. Hoton niƙa da aka gina ƴan shekaru da suka gabata a mararrabar Silom tare da Naradhiwas shine tunatarwa akan haka.

Silom a Bangkok (Craig S. Schuler / Shutterstock.com)

Ayyukan noma sun fara bunƙasa a kan hanyar Silom, amma wannan ya canza ba da daɗewa ba, lokacin da, tsakanin 1890 zuwa 1900, wasu masu hangen nesa sun gina hanyoyin Si Lom kuma sun haƙa magudanar ruwa (Titin Sathon a kudu, da Surawong da Si Phraya a arewa) An bude yankin wanda a yanzu shi ne gundumar Bang Rak wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin 'yan kasuwa da masu hannu da shuni. Gundumar da sauri ta girma cikin mahimmanci kuma a cikin 1925 akwai ma layin tram. A cikin XNUMXs, wannan yanki ya sami babban haɓaka lokacin da ainihin manyan gine-ginen farko suka bayyana tare da Titin Silom. Yawan tarin bankuna da sauran cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi ya sanya wa wannan titi sunan lakabin 'Wall Street na Thailand' kuma farashin filaye na daga cikin mafi girma a kasar.

Hanyar Sukhumvit (Adumm76 / Shutterstock.com)

Hakanan sananne a matsayin yanki na tattara hankali ga 'yan kasuwa shine Sukhumvit Road. Yana daya daga cikin titin da ya fi cunkoso a babban birnin kasar Thailand kuma hakika shine farkon hanyar Tailandia Route 3, babbar babbar hanya wacce - wacce ta fi dacewa da bakin teku - ta hanyar Samut Prakan, Chonburi, Rayong, Chantaburi da Trat zuwa kan iyaka tare da. Cambodia in Amphoe Klong Yai. Wani abin da har yanzu mutane kalilan suka sani shi ne, an gina wannan hanya mai cike da hada-hadar jama'a da fadi a shekara ta 1890 bisa umarnin Sarki Chulalongkorn na gaggauta ci gaban dakaru daga sansanin na Bangkok zuwa kan iyakar gabas, wanda a wancan lokacin aka yi barazana da shi, da dai sauransu. abubuwa, sojojin Faransa yan mulkin mallaka. Don haka asalin Sukhumvit Road yana da aikin soja. Amma yanzu, tare da yawancin titunan soi ko na gefe, yana haifar da bugun zuciya na yankin kasuwanci. Ba zato ba tsammani, na yi ƙarfin hali don yin tunanin cewa wasu daga cikin masu karatunmu sun fi sanin wasu daga cikin waɗannan titunan gefen, musamman Nanaplaza da Soi Cowboy, waɗanda za a iya la'akari da wuraren jin daɗi ko ramuka bisa ga son kai ...

Ratchadamnoen Avenue (somkanae sawatdinak / Shutterstock.com)

Mafi yawan titin titin mota na siyasa a babban birni shine Thanon Ratchadamnoen ko Ratchadamnoen Avenue. Babu wani titi da ke nuni da guguwar siyasar kasar Thailand a cikin shekaru dari da suka wuce ko fiye da wannan hanya mai fadi mai kyau da ta hade babban fada da kuma dakin al'arshi na Ananta Samakhom a Dusit. Sunan titi, wanda a zahiri yana nufin 'hanyar sarautu', yana nuna abin da aka gina tsakanin 1899 zuwa 1903 bisa umarnin Sarki Chulalongkorn. A lokacin ziyararsa zuwa Turai a 1897, hanyoyi irin su Champs Elysée a Paris da Unter den Linden a Berlin sun burge shi sosai. Don haka ya bukaci wata hanya mai fadi, da itatuwa masu inuwa marasa adadi, don gudanar da faretin sarauta a matsayin abin koyi da baje kolin masarautun zamani da yake fata.

Hanyar ta kasance wurin da aka samu lokuta da yawa a cikin tarihin Thailand na baya-bayan nan, wanda ya fara da juyin mulkin da ba a yi tashin hankali ba kuma cikin nasara a 1932 wanda ya kawo karshen mulkin kama karya, zuwa tashin hankalin dalibai na Oktoba 1973 wanda ya kai ga jerin zanga-zangar da sama da rabin mutane suka yi. Masu zanga-zangar miliyan miliyan ne suka cika harabar har zuwa ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba, jami'an tsaro tare da goyon bayan tankokin yaki da jirage masu saukar ungulu sun kawo karshen zanga-zangar, inda mutane 77 suka mutu, 857 suka jikkata. Wannan kisan gilla ya haifar da faduwar majalisar ministocin soja da ba ta da farin jini ta Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn, wanda ya ceci jakinsa ta hanyar tserewa zuwa kasashen waje…

Ba tare da ambaton tasirin zanga-zangar siyasa na baya-bayan nan da kuma danniya na soja a 2009 da 2010 - wanda karshensa ya yi sanadin mutuwar sama da 20 tare da Ratchadamnoen Klang - ga babban zanga-zangar ƙungiyoyin dimokuradiyya na shekaru biyu da suka gabata. Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa wannan hanya ta kasance sau da yawa batun ayyuka masu launi na siyasa da zanga-zangar ya ta'allaka ne a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan alamar alama ta tarihi wanda titin ke haskakawa. A bangare na karshe, kusa da Dusit, akwai gine-ginen gwamnati da dama, ciki har da gidan gwamnati, wanda shi ne wurin zama na Firayim Minista da majalisar ministoci. Bugu da ƙari, akwai kuma abubuwan tunawa da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye tare da tarihin tashin hankali na kwanan nan. Akwai abin tunawa da ke tunawa da abubuwan da suka faru da kuma wadanda aka kashe a watan Oktoba 1973, amma musamman ma Anusawari Prachathipathai ko Democracy Monument da aka gina a 1939 a kan wani zagaye a tsakiyar hanya kuma ba kawai wani yanki na Thanon Ratchadamnoen ba amma yana da ma'ana. ya zama wurin taruwa don zanga-zanga marasa adadi.

Hanyar Khao San (NP27 / Shutterstock.com)

Ina so in ƙare da titin da ya zama sananne a cikin birni don yawancin masu yawon bude ido: Thanon Khao San ko hanyar Khao San, wanda ya shahara sosai tare da 'yan bayan gida. Haƙiƙa ya samo asali ne azaman titin da ke haɗa Chakrabongse Road da Ratchadamnoen Klang Road, yana yanke ɗayan manyan 19.^e kasuwannin shinkafa na karni a cikin birni. Da kyar za ku iya tunanin hakan a yau amma har cikin 19^e karni, wannan gundumar da wuya aka gina ta kuma za ku iya samun filayen shinkafa a nan. Tabbacin wannan ya ta'allaka ne a kusa da Wat Chana Songkhram Ratchaworamahawihan wanda aka fi sani da '' Temple in the Rice Fields'… Titin ya fi shahara/ sananne ga tarin ƴan siyar da hayaƙi mai hayaniya, wuraren sayar da abinci, wuraren cin abinci, wuraren cin abinci, kwari. , otal-otal masu arha da gidajen abinci da mashaya marasa adadi waɗanda dubunnan masu yawon buɗe ido ke zuwa kullum a lokacin da ake fama da cutar korona…

Ba ainihin abina ba, amma ga kowa nasa, ko ba haka ba?