Wat Phra Kaew: Haikali na Emerald Buddha

Wat Phra Kaew ko Haikalin Emerald Buddha a cikin gidan sarauta shine babban abin jan hankali na Bangkok. Dan shagaltuwa da hargitsi don dandano na. Kasancewa da ɗimbin hotuna masu ban sha'awa da ƙwaƙƙwaran gwiwar Sinawa sun mamaye ni, bai taɓa zama ra'ayina game da ranar da ta dace ba, amma hakika wannan rana ce mai kyau. dole-gani.

Babban filin fada yana da hectare 94,5 ko kuma girman filayen kwallon kafa 142 kuma yana dauke da gine-gine sama da 100, amma Wat Phra Kaew ya ba da umarni ga duk abin da ke faruwa kuma hakan ba abin mamaki bane. Yana farawa nan da nan da kusanci hadaddun. Bayan ciyawar da aka gyara ta sosai, bangon fada mai ban sha'awa ya tashi. Rufin glazed na orange-ja da zurfin kore mai haske da kuma chedi masu launin zinare sun tsaya tsayin daka a kan sararin samaniyar azure shuɗi kuma suna riƙe da alƙawarin da ba a faɗi ba na wasan kwaikwayo na tatsuniya, wanda ba da daɗewa ba aka tabbatar da shiga.

Babu wani wuri a cikin ƙasar da za ku iya samun kyakkyawan hoto na gine-ginen Thai fiye da wannan rukunin haikalin. Ko da yake ya kamata a dauki ra'ayin gine-ginen Thai da gishiri domin a gaskiya gine-ginen Thai wani nau'i ne na kowane nau'i na tasirin waje, wanda Indiyawa, Khmer, Sri Lankan, Burmese da Sinanci sun kasance mafi mahimmanci. Wani abu yana tsaye kamar sandar karin magana a sama da ruwa daidai da karin magana: Sakamakon wannan haɗin gine-gine yana da yawa kuma wato, babu shakka, ainihin niyya.

Mafi kyawun fasalin fasalin gine-ginen Thai shine kayan ado na musamman na kayan ado na musamman; haɗuwa na musamman na eclectic, mai salo da abubuwa na fure. J.W. von Goethe'sA cikin der Beschränkung zegt sich erst der Meister' a fili ba a kashe a kan Siamese master magina. Wannan ado ne a cikin superlative. Alal misali, ba a yanke itace kawai zuwa kayan ado da siffofi ba. A'a, an yanke shi da lu'u-lu'u da lu'u-lu'u kuma an sanya shi tare da mosaics gilashi masu launi ko uwar-lu'u-lu'u. A wasu kalmomi, kayan ado yana da layi kamar rufin haikalin…. Daidai lokacin da aka gina Wat Phra Kaew, masu sana'ar Siamese sun yi fice a cikin fasaharsu. An sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar mafi kyawun su waɗanda ke aiki a cikin guild ɗin ƙarƙashin ikon sarauta, waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin fasahar fasaha na gargajiya ko kuma. canza sip mu, kamar yadda tsunduma a engraving, sassaka, lacquerware da dutse sassaƙa, wucewa a kan musamman dabaru na kasuwanci daga uba zuwa ɗa.

Wat phra aniw

An fara gina Wat Phra Kaew a shekara ta 1783, shekara guda bayan Rama I, wanda ya kafa daular Chakri, wanda har yanzu yake kan mulki a yau, ya kaddamar da ginshikin birnin Bangkok a tsibirin Rattanakosin. Shi wannan sarkin Siyama ba wai kawai ya so ya cimma burinsa na daula ta hanyar kafa sabon babban birnin kasar ba, har ma yana son ya nisanta kansa daga Thonburi da ke dayan bankin Chao Phraya, wanda magabacinsa Taksin ya kafa. Duk abubuwan tunawa da Taksin da mulkinsa, waɗanda aka kawar da su bisa ga buƙatarsa, dole ne su ɓace, haka kuma, tsohuwar fadar da aka matse a tsakanin Wat Arun da Wat Tha, ta fashe a cikin kabu. Ta hanyar gina haikali kusa da fadar, Rama na bi dogon al'ada. Ka yi tunanin Wat Mahathat kusa da fadar a Sukhothai, Wat Phra Si Sanphet a Ayutthaya da Wat Arun a Thonburi. An zaɓi kusurwar arewa maso gabas na farfajiyar gidan sarauta a matsayin wurin da za a gina sabon ginin haikalin.

Babban Ubosot ko zauren gudanarwa na haikalin (saiko3p / Shutterstock.com)

Babban Ubosot ko zauren nadi na haikalin shine gini na farko a Bangkok da aka gina gaba daya da bulo. Gidan sarauta, wanda aka gina a lokaci guda, har yanzu ya kasance babban ginin teak. Wannan fili mai faɗin gini, wanda ke tsaye a kan dandali da aka lulluɓe da ginshiƙan marmara, ya zama ɓangaren tsakiya kuma mafi daraja na rukunin haikalin. Ayyukan da ke kewaye da haikalin sun ci gaba sosai cewa a ranar 22 ga Maris, 1784, a cikin babban biki, an canja wurin Emerald Buddha daga Wat Arun zuwa sabon zauren nadi. Don bayyanawa, Ina kuma so in karyata rashin fahimtar juna. Wannan mutum-mutumin Buddha da ake bautar gumaka ba a zana shi daga Emerald ba amma daga Jade. Wannan rashin fahimta yana da komai game da gaskiyar cewa tafiye-tafiye na Ingilishi na farko ba tare da togiya ba kuma ba daidai ba ana magana da 'The Emerald Buddha' - Emerald Buddha…

De Ubosot duk da haka, wanda muke gani a yau ba irin wanda Rama I ya gina ba. A cikin 1831, Rama III ya sami gyare-gyare na waje na wannan ginin tare da ƙawata. Yanzu wannan ginin, wanda ya zama zuciyar hadadden haikalin, shine misalin littafin karatu na babban mataki na fasaha da kamala da makullan sana'a suka samu a farkon zamanin Rattanakosin. Wannan ba kawai yana nunawa a cikin waje tare da zakoki na bluestone ba, gilded bronzes Garudas, ganuwar da aka yi wa ado da kayan ado na fure da ginshiƙai waɗanda aka ɗora da ganyen zinariya, uwar-lu'u-lu'u da ƙananan madubai, amma musamman a cikin kusan tatsuniyoyi-kamar ciki tare da manyan zane-zane na bango, rufin jan jini na oxblood wanda aka katse ta hanyar babban katako tare da katako mai girma. alamu masu launin zinari da ginshiƙin tsakiya mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa tare da buɗaɗɗen Green Buddha a matsayi na lotus, yin bimbini a ciki.

Garudas na tagulla

Sha biyu iri daya SalaƘananan rumfuna, buɗe ta kowane bangare, kewaye da zauren nadin. Rama I ce ta gina su domin karbar alhazai. Kamar dai yadda Ubosot wadannan ba su ne ainihin gine-ginen ba saboda su ma an yi musu kwaskwarima har ma an maye gurbinsu da tsarin agogo. Babban sabuntawa na Ubosot kuma sauran haikalin, wanda ya fara a shekara ta 1832, ba shine kaɗai ba. A 1832 ya kafa 50^e Ranar haifuwar Bangkok na Rama IV shine dalilin kai tsaye don gyarawa da ƙawata haikalin. An kammala waɗannan ayyukan gyarawa ne kawai a ƙarƙashin ɗansa Rama V, a daidai lokacin da za a ƙara haske a cikin 1882 na Bangkok a 1932. A 150, Rama VII ne ya kammala XNUMX.^e Ranar tunawa da Bangkok don sabon gine-gine, yayin da Rama IX ya yi haka a 1982 lokacin da babban birnin kasar ya yi bikin cika shekaru 200.

Sanye da ganyen zinare mai siffar kararrawa Phra Sri Rattana Chedi

Akalla mai ban sha'awa kamar yadda Ubosot Gilashin tagulla ne Kinnon – tatsuniyoyi rabin tsuntsu, rabin-mutum halittu - tsare Fiye da Phaithi, wani terrace a gefen arewa na zauren nadin. Anan za ku sami, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, nau'in kararrawa, an rufe shi da ganyen zinariya Phra Sri Rattana Chedi wanda Rama IV ya gina a cikin 1855 a matsayin wurin ibada don wani yanki na sternum na Buddha. Wannan relic yana ajiye shi a cikin ƙarami, stupa mai baƙar fata a cikin chedi. Chedi da kansa ya yi wahayi zuwa ga stupas na Wat Phra Si Sanphet a Ayutthaya, wanda Burma ya lalata, wanda kuma ya dogara ne akan misalan Sri Lanka. Kusa da wannan wurin ibada mai ban sha'awa shine murabba'i, wanda ke da ban sha'awa daga ra'ayi na gine-gine Phra Mondop. Wannan tsari da aka ƙawata ya ƙunshi nassosi masu tsarki da yawa. Jigon wannan ɗakin karatu shine sigar da aka sabunta ta Tripitaka, ayoyin tsarkaka na canonical na addinin Buddah na Theravad.

Prasat Phra Thep Water Bottle

Bayan da aka yi hasarar tarin tarin litattafai na Siamese na shekaru aru-aru saboda buhun Ayutthaya a 1767, Rama I ya ba sufaye na Wat Mahatat Yuwaratrangsarit a cikin 1788 su sake rubutawa, sake dubawa da kuma kara wannan tarin. Sakamakon wannan aiki mai wahala ya ƙare a cikin Phra Mondop. Wannan Yi shiru An yi gefensa ta bangarori hudu ta Buddha wanda Carel Herman Aart van der Wijck, babban gwamnan yankin Gabas ta Gabas ya ba Rama V, yayin ziyararsa a watan Yuli 1896 zuwa Borobodur a Java. Gini na uku akan wannan fili shine Prasat Phra Thep Water Bottle. An fara ginin wannan rumfar a cikin 1855 tare da niyyar gina Buddha Emerald. Amma jinkiri a shirye-shiryen gine-gine da kuma tashin gobara sun hana hakan. A ƙarshe, a farkon shekarun XNUMX, Rama VI ya yanke shawarar mayar da shi zuwa Pantheon na sarauta inda aka nuna girman girman rayuwa na sarakunan daular Chakri.

Kuma lokacin ziyartar wani hadadden wuri, kar a manta da ziyartar wuraren da ke ɗauke da kyawawan hotuna masu kyau da cikakkun bayanai. An ƙirƙiri waɗannan zane-zane a cikin mulkin Rama III kuma suna nuna wasu sassa daga almara na Ramakien na ƙasa.

Kamar dukkan haikalin da ke tsibirin Rattanakosin, Wat Phra Kaew yana cika da girman raye-rayen raye-rayen Sinawa na mayaƙa, mandarins da dabbobi—mafi yawa zakuna— waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin masu kula da haikali. Sun kasance a zamanin Rama III lokacin da aka yi amfani da su a matsayin ballast a kan tarkacen Sinawa da ke kan hanyar Siam. Duk da haka, wasu daga cikin wadannan mutum-mutumin kuma an sassaka su a wurin da duwatsu da sculptors na kasar Sin, kwararrun sana'o'insu na gaske.

yaksha

Da kuma magana game da masu gadin haikalin: Don kammalawa, hanyar haɗin Holland. Lokacin ziyartar wannan hadadden haikalin, tabbatar da kula da manyan 12 gigantic yaksha, kusan mita 5 masu tsayi na koyarwa na haikali & hadadden gidan sarauta. Sun yi wahayi zuwa ga Anton Pieck ga masu gadin Efteling masu ban tsoro.