Al'adu a kusa da noman farko na gonar shinkafa

Tabbas ba sai na fada muku muhimmancin shinkafa ga kowane Thai ba. A yau galibin aikin noman shinkafa da injina ake yi, amma nan da can, musamman ma da mu a garin Isaan, har yanzu ana yin ta, kamar yadda a kwanakin baya, tare da girmama kasa mai zurfi da kusan addini. kayayyakinsa. Kuma shi kansa wannan ba bakon abu bane.

A da, mutanen da suka dogara da amfanin gona a matsayin babban tushen rayuwarsu, suna da ilimi da gogewar tsirrai. Sun san irin ƙasa da ta dace da irin amfanin gona, abin da ya kamata a yi lokacin dasawa don samun sakamako mai kyau, abin da za a yi don takin ƙasa. Amma ko da sun kasance suna da ilimi da gogewa a cikin waɗannan al'amura, kuma suna da himma gwargwadon iyawarsu, mutanen zamanin da ba su da wani taimako ta fuskar yanayi da maƙiyan halitta. Babu wani abu da ya fi muni kamar gazawar amfanin gona. Don haka suka ji cewa wajibi ne su yi hadayu na biki ga ruhohin ƙasar da alloli. Al'adu suna jagorantar kowane mataki na aikin noma har sai an girbe amfanin gonakinsu kuma a ajiye su, kafin a gama kula da su.

A wasu lokatai na sami damar fuskantar bukukuwa da al'adu waɗanda suka haɗa da noman sabon filin fada. Babban taron da ke mayar da ku zuwa lokacin da kowane mataki na noman shinkafa, tun daga shuka zuwa girbi da sayar da shinkafa, yana buƙatar addu'a da - ba a ma maganar - sadaukarwa ga allahn shinkafa da sauran ruhohin ƙasar.

Ku sani, noman sabuwar gonar shinkafa ba tatsuniyar mazauna garin Isaan ba ce, sai dai dacin gaske. Wannan ya kasance sau ɗaya a duk faɗin Tailandia kuma ana iya samun karin magana a yau a cikin abin da ake kira Bikin Noman Sarauta da ke gudana kowace shekara a ƙarƙashin kulawar sarauta kuma bisa ga al'adu da al'adun gargajiya. A Tailandia, bisa ga almara, bikin noman ya samo asali ne daga Masarautar Sukhothai (1238-1438). A cewar Quaritch Wales, tsohon mai ba da shawara ga Sarakuna Rama VI da Rama VII (1924-1928), kuma marubucin littafin "Ceremonies State Siamese," Thais ya karɓi bikin noma gaba ɗaya daga Khmer bayan Sukhothai ya koma tsakiyar ƙasar. karni na sha uku daga daular Khmer. Ka'idar da za ta iya aiki saboda tare da Khmer, sarakuna a matsayin alloli a duniya su ma suna da alhakin haihuwa.

Bikin Noman Sarauta a Bangkok (topten22photo / Shutterstock.com)

Sunan da aka san wannan bikin da shi shine Raek Na Khwan (แรกนาขวัญ), wanda a zahiri yana nufin "farkon farkon lokacin shinkafa". Ana kiran bikin sarauta Phra Ratcha Phithi Charot Phra Nangkhan Raek Na Khwan (พระราชพิธีจรดพระนังคันังคัลกกกก a zahiri yana nufin "bikin noman sarauta na sarauta wanda ke nuna kyakkyawan farkon lokacin shinkafa". Wannan bikin Raek Na Khwan asalin Hindu-Brahaman ne. Tabbas, Tailandia ba za ta kasance Tailandia ba idan ba ta da takwararta ta mabiya addinin Buddah da ake kira Phuetcha Mongkhon (พืชมงคล), wanda a zahiri yana nufin "wadatar shuka." Ana kiran bikin sarauta Phra Ratcha Phithi Phuetcha Mongkhon (พระราชพิธีพืชมงคล). Ram IV ko Sarki Mongkut ne ya haɗu da bukukuwan Buddhist da na Hindu a cikin bikin sarauta guda ɗaya wanda ya sami babban yabo na Phra Ratcha Phithi Phuetcha Mongkhon Charot Phra Nangkhan Raek Na Khwan (พระราชพราชพิพพธ จรดพระนังคัลแรกนาขวัญ). Tun lokacin mulkinsa, ana yin shi duk shekara a Bangkok a farkon lokacin shinkafa. Bangaren addinin Buddah an fara yin shi ne a babban fadar kuma bangaren Hindu ya biyo baya a Sanam Luang, babban filin da ke kusa da fadar.

A cikin Cambodia biyu - inda ake gudanar da bikin a kowace shekara - kuma a Tailandia, sarki ko mataimakin da ya nada shi ne ke jagorantar bikin. Wani lokaci sarki da kansa ya halarci bikin kuma ya jagoranci garma a bayan shanu.

A yau, ranar bikin a birnin Mala'iku ana kiranta Phuetcha Mongkhon Day (วันพืชมงคลWan Phuetcha Mongkhon). Har ma ya kasance ranar hutu tun 1957. Shinkafar da ake shukawa a al'ada ta fito ne daga filin Chitralada Royal Villa, gidan marigayi Sarki Bhumibol Adulyadej. Bayan bikin, da yawa daga cikin ’yan kallo sun yi tururuwa a filin don tattara iri, wanda ake ganin zai kawo sa’a da wadata.

Amma koma zuwa wurin da ya fi ƙanƙanta wanda shine ƙauyen Isaan. Musamman ga lardina na Buriram, wanda kamar lardin Surin da ke makwabtaka da shi, an san shi a matsayin daya daga cikin wuraren da ake noman shinkafar jasmine mafi inganci. Sau da yawa makonni kafin garmar ta bace a cikin jajayen ƙasa, yawanci ana tuntuɓar wani malami wanda zai ƙayyade rana da sa'ar noman. Da zarar an tsai da wannan kusan lokaci mai tsarki, mai ƙasar ya gina wani wurin ibada na wucin gadi ga ruhin filin, a wani wuri kusa da filin da aka ayyana a matsayin wurin noman farko. Wannan wuri mai tsarki, kamar yadda aka ambata, na ɗan lokaci ne. Suna amfani da gungu na bamboo guda shida, waɗanda aka dasa har zuwa matakin ido a matsayin ginshiƙai, tare da igiyoyin igiya waɗanda ke daure da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwanƙolin ciyayi masu tsayi. Wurin ibada koyaushe yana ɗaukar siffar wani babban dandali mai kusurwa huɗu wanda bai cika girma ba, girman isa kawai don sanya abubuwan da suka dace don ibada da hadayu. Kasan gidan ibada an yi shi ne da tsiri, sau da yawa na bamboo mai lallashi.

Idan ba a sami bamboo mai amfani ba, ana iya amfani da sauran nau'ikan itace. Shari'ar kawai ta kasance mai ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali don yin sadaukarwa ta farko. Hakanan ya shafi hadayu; abin da ake samu ga talakawa talakawa sau da yawa ana iya sadaukar da su. Duk da haka, dole ne a kasance a koyaushe a yi hadaya ta shinkafa; wannan ba zai iya ba kuma bai kamata a rasa shi ba. Kuma ba kowace shinkafa ce ake bayarwa ba. Yakamata ko da yaushe ya zama babban ɗigon shinkafa daga tukunyar dafa abinci. Misali, idan mutum zai bayar da shinkafar daga kasan tukunyar, hadayar za ta rasa komai...

Ana shirya waɗannan hadayun bisa ga al'ada a cikin kwandon wicker lebur, ko aƙalla akan ganyen ayaba lebur. Takardun da ake ajiye hadayun su ma kwanduna ne lebur ko ganyen ayaba. Wataƙila wannan al’ada ta fito ne daga Indiya, inda wasu rukunin ’yan asalin Indiyawa ke son cin shinkafar ganyen ayaba, suna la’akari da ita mafi tsafta da tsafta fiye da sauran kwantena, waɗanda wataƙila wasu sun gurɓata daga amfani da ita. Yin amfani da jirgin ruwa wanda aka riga aka yi amfani da shi ga mai karamin karfi ana daukarsa a matsayin zunubi, tabo daga baya saboda mai amfani da jirgin; komai tsaftar da mutum ya wanke jirgin, ba a cire tabon, bisa ga imani. Ganyen banana sun fi kyau, duka masu tsabta da dacewa. Bayan amfani, ana iya jefa su.

A al'adance, ana amfani da furanni, sandunan turare da kyandir don ibada. A yayin gudanar da ibada da hadaya, manomin shinkafa ya yi takaitaccen jawabi yana mai cewa gonarsa za ta yi amfani a wannan shekarar, shinkafar za ta samar da hatsi mai kyau, kuma ba za a samu hadari kamar kaguwa ko macizai masu dafi ba. Idan aka gama ibada da hadaya, ana fara noman noma ne a lokacin da aka qaddara.

Amma wannan noman ma biki ne. Aikin garma na farko yana ɗaukar kimanin awa ɗaya; Bayan haka, ainihin noman gonar shinkafa gaba ɗaya shine gobe. Sufaye kuma suna kayyade alkiblar noman kuma ana yin mafi girman tafuka uku akan filin da za a yi noman. Wataƙila hakan na faruwa ne saboda uku lamba ce da ake ɗaukar sihiri. Har ma an gaya mini cewa a wasu wuraren ana amfani da tsofaffin litattafai da aka rubuta da hannu waɗanda ke ƙayyade ranar da za a fara noman ya danganta da shekarun manomi; idan aka haife shi a shekarar bera, misali, ranar Lahadi ya fara noma, idan kuma a shekarar sa aka haife shi, to Laraba ce za a fara.

Bayan wannan alamar sa'a ta noma kowa ya koma gida. Sun bar wurin bautar ruhin ƙasar kamar yadda yake; za a yi karamin biki daga baya tare da hadaya idan aka fara dashen shinkafa. Na ga a wasu wurare yadda suke daure tutoci guda hudu, wadanda aka saba yi da farar auduga ko lilin, su dora su a daya daga cikin kusurwoyin arewa na filayensu. Suna ajiye su a cikin murabba'i guda huɗu sannan su durƙusa don yin jawabi kai tsaye ga baiwar Allah Shinkafa, baiwar duniya da kuma ruhin wurin tare da buƙatar cewa abubuwa masu cutarwa kamar aphids da kaguwa ba su lalata shinkafar da za su shuka ba.