Phra Khruba Sri Wichai, waliyyi na Lanna kuma yakin da aka rasa don samun 'yancin kai na addini a Arewa

Phra Khruba Sri Wichai

A rana ta goma sha ɗaya ga wata na wata na bakwai, a shekarar damisa, a shekara ta 97 na zamanin Ratanakosin, an haifi ɗa namiji a ƙauyen Ban Pang na gundumar Li, Lampun.n.

Dukan dangi sun taru a cikin bukkar, Nai Khwai, uba, Nang Usa, uwa, Mae Chang, ungozoma, da dai sauransu.  Da duhu ya yi, sai ga wani hadari na ruwan sama ya karye, ruwa ya yi ta ruf da ciki, sai aka yi tsawa da walƙiya, kuma ɗakin ya yi girgiza a ƙarƙashin guguwar iska.

Lokacin da yaron ya bar cikin mahaifiyarsa ya saki kukan farko, hadari ya mutu kuma aka yi shiru.  Ana kiran yaron 'Fuan' wani lokacin kuma 'Fa Rong', duka suna nufin 'Thunder'.

Wannan ya kasance ranar 11 ga Yuni, 1878.

Yaran shekarunsa

Fuan ya kasance yaron kauye na gari. Ya garke ’yan ruwa, ya buga sarewa da igiya uku karar kuma ya rera wakokin gida da ake kira joyi. Amma ba kamar yadda ya saba ba, ya riga ya bayyana burinsa na zama zuhudu tun yana ƙarami. Iyayensa sun yi adawa da hakan saboda ya zama dole don rayuwarsu. Fu'an ya fashe da sihiri. Iyayensa kawai sun ba da hanya lokacin yana ɗan shekara sha bakwai kuma Fuan ya shiga gidan ibada na Ban Pang kamar yadda rufe abin, bawan sufaye. Yana da shekaru goma sha takwas aka qaddamar da shi a matsayin sabon abu kuma yana da shekaru ashirin da daya a matsayin cikakken sufaye. A wannan lokacin ne ya sami iliminsa na farko a cikin rubutun Lanna, Standard Thai da Pali.

Malamansa suna kiransa haziki, mai himma da tawali'u. Yana son zama shi kaɗai kuma yana yin bimbini sosai, musamman vipassana, zuzzurfan tunani, Ya ci abinci mai cin ganyayyaki sau ɗaya a rana, kuma bai ko tauna taba ko miang, ganyen shayin daki.  A 1902, yana da shekaru 24, ya zama abba. Yanzu ana kiransa Phra Khruba Sri Wichai. 'Khruba' na nufin 'Malami Mai Girma'.

'Yan uwansa sun yi masa sujada kuma nan da nan ya sami mabiya da yawa daga nesa, ciki har da kabilun tuddai kamar Hmong, Lahu, Karen, Lisu da Khmu.

Rikicinsa da mabiya addinin Buddha da hukumomin duniya

Da farko gajeriyar gabatarwa ce ga tarihin Lanna

Masarautar Lanna  (láan naa, 'Filayen Shinkafa Miliyan') ko Chiang Mai, kusan girman arewacin Thailand a yau, ya kasance mai cin gashin kansa tun ƙarni na 13, duk da cewa ƙasar Burma ce mai cin gashin kanta a tsakanin 1550 zuwa 1800 sannan kuma ta zama jihar vassal ta Bangkok. har zuwa 1900. An yi yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa tare da daular Ayutthaya. Chiang Mai yana da alaƙar tattalin arziki da ilimi sosai tare da jahohin yamma (jihohin Shan, yanzu Burma), a gabas (yanzu Laos), da arewa (yanzu Yuan ta Kudu, China). Ayutthians sun kira mutanen Chiang Mai 'Laotians'.

Tun daga 1890 ko makamancin haka, Sarki Chulalongkorn ya fara shirin kafa ikonsa a duk fadin kasar Siam saboda dalilai na ciki da na waje, na karshen kuma shine barazanar turawan mulkin mallaka na Ingila da Faransa. An tura jami'ai, 'yan sanda, masu karbar haraji da sojoji zuwa yankunan karkara inda a hankali suka kifar da sarakunan yankin. Wannan ya haifar da tayar da kayar baya na gajeren lokaci a arewa da Isan.

Dokar Sangha ta 1902 ta buƙaci dukkan al'ummomin Buddhist, waɗanda har ya zuwa yanzu sun yi aiki da kansu, don bin ƙa'idodin Bangkok. An kafa Dokar Ilimi (1913) wacce ke buƙatar duk makarantu su bi tsarin karatun da Bangkok ya ƙirƙira, amfani da Standard (Bangkok) Thai, da haɓaka hangen nesa na kishin ƙasa na Bangkok. A wasu wurare a arewa mazauna yankin sun lalata makarantu.

An fara kama De Khruba a shekara ta 1907 bisa zargin cewa ya nada sufaye bisa ikonsa ba tare da izinin manyan hukumomin addinin Buddah a gundumar Li da birnin Lamphun kamar yadda sabuwar dokar Sangha ta bukata ba. Mabiyansa sun dauki hakan a matsayin zalunci ko kishi na siyasa saboda yawan farin jininsa. An wanke shi saboda aikata da ‘zuciya mai tsafta’, amma an tsige shi a matsayin abba.

Bayan 'yan shekaru kuma ya sake faruwa. Khruba ba su halarci taron sufaye a Lamphun ba. Ya ba da hakuri yana cewa yana yin bimbini a kan lokaci kuma ba abba ba ne. Tilas ya wuce Lamphun  ya zama jerin gwano da daruruwan mabiya inda aka yi tarzoma a Lamphun duk da kasancewar ‘yan sanda da dama. Hukumomi sun yanke shawarar cewa ya fi aminci a kai shi Chiang Mai. Hakan ya faru ne a cikin wata mota da Chao Kaew Nawarat, zuriyar tsohuwar gidan sarautar Chiang Mai ta bayar. An tsare Khruba a kurkuku a Wat Sri Donchai a cikin kuti (bukar sufaye) da manyan ramuka a cikin rufin. A nan ma mabiya da yawa sun ziyarce shi, wanda a karshe ya sa hukumomi suka tura shi ta jirgin kasa zuwa Bangkok domin yin gwaji a gaban Majalisar koli ta Sangha. An kai shi cikin Wat Benjambopit ('The Marble Temple').

De Bangkok Times ya samu halinsa. Na ɗauko jimloli da yawa daga wani rahoto a waccan jaridar ta Yuni 7, 1920:

Labarai daga Chiang Mai

A arewa

Shahararren sufaye

Ana girmama Phra Sri Vichai sosai a Arewa, kuma an ce tasirinsa a can yana da yawa. Amma saboda wasu dalilai jami'an sun yi magana da rashin amincewa da shi. Hasali ma an kai shi gudun hijira zuwa Bangkok...Watakila mahukunta sun ji tsoro...Amma ya kamata gwamnati ta yi farin ciki da irin wannan mutum mai iko da ke inganta al’amuran kasar nan... Gaskiya ne wasu fitattun sufaye suna kokarin nuna shi a matsayin wani abu. maciyin addini da sarki. Amma wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Mutum na iya dogaro da mutane cikin aminci cikin waɗannan lamuran. Idan mace ta yi kuskure, makwabta sun san shi a gaban mijin. Haka nan, jama’a sun fi gwamnati sani da wuri idan dan boko ko dan zuhudu ya yi kuskure...Hakika jami’ai kullum suna ganin sun yi daidai. Duk abin da ba gaskiya ba ne a cikin abin da aka rubuta a sama, yana nuna abin da mutanen Arewa suka yi imani da shi.

A cikin shari'ar da aka yi a gaban Majalisar Sangha, Khruba an same shi da laifi a kan tuhume-tuhume 5, amma saboda ya amsa laifinsa kuma an riga an hukunta shi ta hanyar tsare shi a Chiang Mai ('matsayi mai tsanani' Majalisar ta kammala), in ba haka ba ya sami 'yanci. An dai wanke shi kan wasu tuhume-tuhume guda 3.

Phra Khruba Sri Wichai ya koma Arewa a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 1923. Jama'a da dama ne suka yi masa kawanya a birnin Bangkok inda suka tarbe shi da kyau a Lampun da Ban Pang. Yanzu yana da shekaru 42 a duniya.

A cikin 1935 an sake kiran Khruba zuwa Bangkok. Irin wannan tsari ya biyo baya. Da ya ce 'Ba zan iya yin aiki bisa ga dokar Sangha ba', Sanarwar da ya musanta daga baya. Yanzu ya yanke shawarar mika wuya ga hukumar Sangha.

Ya sanya hannu kan hukuncin kuma ya yi alkawarin ci gaba da bin dokokin Sangha tare da rubuta sunansa da rubutun Lanna.

Laifin daya ya ban sha'awa. An zarge shi da rashin sanya kayan ado na biki a haikalinsa da rashin buga ganguna don girmama hawan Sarki Rama VI kan karagar mulki a 1910 duk da rokon da gwamnan ya yi. Majalisar ta kammala harajin da ya wajaba zai zama abin kunya.

Gina hanyar zuwa Doi Suthep

Fushin gini

A cikin rayuwarsa, Khruba kuma ya yi sabon fassarar Yuan (Arewacin Thai) na fassarar Traipitaka ('The Three Baskets') Rubutun addini wanda addinin Buddha Theravada Thai ya dogara. Amma an fi saninsa da ayyukan gine-gine.

A cikin shekaru tsakanin 1923 zuwa 1935, Khruba sun gyara gidajen ibada a ko'ina cikin arewa, daga Mae Hong Song zuwa Phayao da kuma daga Fang zuwa Phichit. Wasu kafofin sun ambaci temples 126 kuma wasu majiyoyin sun ambaci temples 261. Wannan kuma ya haifar da matsaloli saboda yawancin abbots na temples sun nuna cewa suna ɗaukar Phra Khuba Sri Wicha a matsayin mafi girman ikon addinin Buddah ba Sangha na hukuma ba, amma Khruba ba a zarge shi da wannan ba.

Mafi yawan mutanen Arewa, wato tsofaffi sun san sunansa. Sun ambaci babban nasarar da ya samu a matsayin gina titin mai tsawon kilomita 12 zuwa Phra Thaat Doi Suthep. Wannan ya fara ne da ƙarfe 10 na safe ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1935, lokaci mai kyau. Firai ministar Thailand Phraya Phahon ta karya lago. Aikin, wanda masu aikin sa kai 6.000 suka gudanar tare da kayan aikin hannu masu sauki da wasu fashe-fashe, an kammala shi cikin watanni 6. A gindin Doi Suthep a farkon wannan titin akwai wurin ibada mai cike da hada-hada wanda aka bayyana tarihin Khruba. Kwanan nan, yayin da na wuce Doi Saket, mai tazarar kilomita 15 daga Chiang Mai, akwai jerin alamomin da ke kan titin na neman cancanta ta hanyar ba da gudummawar kuɗi don sabon babban mutum-mutumi na Phra Khruba Sri Wicha. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin mutuwarsa, ya taimaka gina gada a kan kogin Ping don sauƙaƙe zirga-zirga tsakanin Lampun da Chiang Mai.

Konewar Khruba Sri Wichai

Wucewa

Lokacin da lafiyarsa ta tabarbare a cikin 1937, ya yi wa mabiyansa jawabi kamar haka: 'Masoyan masoyana. Bana jin zan tsira. Wannan karon yanayina yayi tsanani sosai. Ina rokon ku da ku ci gaba da aikinmu. Ku sami cancanta kuma ku kasance masu yin sadaka. na sani  yayi kyau da cewa sassan jikina sun gaza yanzu.'

Ya yi numfashin sa na ƙarshe a lokacin da wata ke raguwa a wata na takwas na shekarar Tiger, 29 ga Fabrairu, 1938, lokacin da wata muguwar tsawa ta tashi a kan kuti ɗinsa. 

Sarki Ananda ne ya dauki nauyin bikin sannan kuma daga baya aka kone shi. Khruba sun yi shekaru 7 a jihar Wat Cham Thewi a Lampun inda aka yi jana'izarsa a ranar 21 ga Maris, 1946. Tun kafin a kashe gobarar sai da mabiyansa suka kutsa cikin toka don samun kayan tarihi.

A lokaci guda kuma an canza sunan ƙasar daga Siam zuwa Thailand. Yanzu tabbas Chiang Mai ya kasance wani yanki na jihar Thailand mai alfahari.