Makabartar Harkokin Waje ta Chiang Mai

Makabartar Harkokin Waje ta Chiang Mai (Wikimedia)

A cikin rubutun da ya gabata, na ɗauki ɗan lokaci don tunani game da na tarihi makabartar zanga-zanga a birnin Bangkok. A yau zan so in kai ku zuwa wani necropolis mai ban sha'awa daidai a arewa, zuciya Chiang Mai.

Wannan makabarta yana kan tsohon titin daga Chiang Mai zuwa Lamphun kusa da Gymkhana Club. Kuma wannan ba daidai ba ne saboda kasar da wannan FarangAn kafa kulob din wasanni na kyautar sarauta iri daya da filin makabarta. A ranar 14 ga Yuli, 1898, Sarki Chulalongkorn ya ba da kyautar filaye 24 don kafa makabarta ga baƙi. Kusan a lokaci guda, ya ba da gudummawar rai 90 don gina filayen wasanni. Kamar yadda ya faru a birnin Bangkok, an danka wa ofishin jakadanci na Biritaniya kula da makabartar. Kamar yadda yake a Bangkok, kwamitin da aka kafa na duniya ne ke gudanar da harkokin gudanarwar da ke ƙarƙashin kulawar jami'an Burtaniya.

Kasancewar Yamma a tsohuwar masarautar Lanna a haƙiƙa wani sabon abu ne na kwanan nan. Ba'amurke ɗan mishan na Furotesta McGilvary yana ɗaya daga cikin na farko da ya fara zama a Chiang Mai a cikin 1867. A shekara ta 1884, Birtaniya ta bude karamin ofishin jakadanci a can da nufin bude kasuwancin teak a yankin. Yawancin waɗannan majagaba an ba su wurin hutawa na ƙarshe a wannan rukunin.

Ita kanta makabartar tana da tarihin gaske. Rikicin filaye kusan dole ne a yi yaƙi da mutanen Thai waɗanda suka zo wurin ba bisa ƙa'ida ba kuma sojojin Thailand sun lalata makabarta a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II waɗanda aka yi musu birki a cikin gine-ginen da ake buƙata na kulab ɗin Gymkhana. Don wasu dalilai wasu daga cikin mutanen wannan sansanin sun gamsu cewa an binne zinare a makabartar. Lokacin da ƴan gudun hijirar suka dawo bayan jafanan Jafananci, sun firgita da samun ƙazantaccen makabarta tare da rushewa da ruguza duwatsu. Kawancen kasashen sun tilastawa gwamnatin Thailand mayar da wurin.

Makabartar Harkokin Waje ta Chiang Mai (Wikimedia)

Na farko Farang wanda aka kwatanta da kyau a wannan shafin an umurce shi zuwa ƙasa', Manjo dan Burtaniya ne Edward Lainson. Guilding. Lokacin da ya mutu sakamakon cutar zazzaɓi a ranar soyayya a 1900 yana da shekaru 45, ya yi rayuwa mai ban sha'awa. Guilding, matashin ma'aikaci a karkashin Lord Kitchener, ya yi yakin neman zabe a Sudan da Masar, ya yi aikin gari a Indiya, kuma ya kasance mai fassara a kotun Tsar da ke St. Petersburg. Ya isa Chiang Mai shi kadai, yana rashin lafiya da gajiyawa a kan dokin da ya gaji daga yammacin kasar Sin a cikin makon karshe na watan Janairun 1900, kuma ya mutu kafin kowa ya san ainihin yadda da dalilin da ya sa ya zo arewacin Siam. Yana yiwuwa a ce an ba shi izini da shi Ofishin Harkokin Waje leken asiri a cikin daular kasar Sin da ke wargajewa sannu a hankali ko kuma ya kamata ya gano har zuwa lokacin da Rasha ke kokarin fadada tasirinsu a yankin.

Hans Markward Jensen

Wani jami'in yana hutawa a ƙarƙashin wani babban dutsen dutse mai ban mamaki. A lokacin bazara na 1902, kyaftin din Danish Hans Markward Jensen, tare da mai sayar da teak Louis Leonowens (dan Ana Leonowens), ya jagoranci rundunar jandarma ta lardin da suka farauto 'yan tawayen Burma wadanda suka kashe gwamnan Phrae a watan Yuni. Sun yi nasarar fatattakar wadannan ’yan tawaye a Lampang kuma an harbe Jensen a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1902, a lokacin da ake fatattakar masu tayar da kayar baya a kusa da Phayao. Wani Sarki Chulalongkorn mai godiya ya biya kuɗin kabarinsa kuma mahaifiyar Jensen ta biya kuɗin Baht 1936 kowane wata har zuwa mutuwarta a 3.000.

Jensen ba shine kawai wanda aka yiwa tashin hankali ba a wannan necropolis. Akalla mutane hudu da aka kashe sakamakon kisan gilla ne aka binne a wannan wurin. Evan Patrick Miller, mai shekaru 33, ya kasance mai himma a cikin cinikin teak kuma Station Manager na Bombay Burma Trading Corporation kasuwar kasuwa. An kashe shi a cikin daji a cikin 1910 yayin da yake cin abinci a cikin tanti. Evelyn Guy Stuart Hartley kuma ya yi aiki a cikin cinikin teak. Wadannan sun nuna Jagoran Squadron na Royal Air Force barayi ne suka harbe shi a gidansa da ke Sawankhalok a shekarar 1956. Lillian Hamer ta kasance mai mishan a Asiya tun 1944. Na farko a Kudancin China tare da Ofishin Jakadancin Inoland na China sannan kuma tare da kabilar Lisu ta Arewacin Thailand. Baƙi ne suka kashe ta a cikin dajin Mae Pahm a shekarar 1959. Keith Holmes Tate, mai shekaru 65, ɗan shekara XNUMX ne. Freeman na birnin London. An harbe shi a gaban wani babban kanti a tsakiyar Chiang Mai a shekarar 1998.

Daniel McGilvary

An keɓance ƙarshen tashin hankali ga ɗan mishan da aka ambata Daniel McGilvary, ko da yake kasancewarsa a Siam, musamman a farkon shekarun, yana da tashin hankali a faɗi kaɗan. Yunkurinsa na farko na Kiristanci a Arewa ya gamu da adawa daga mai mulkin yankin Chao Kawilarot, wanda aka kashe biyu daga cikin shida na farko da suka tuba. Duk da wannan barazanar, McGilvary da matarsa ​​Sphia Royce Bradley sun jajirce, ba wai kawai sun kafa ofisoshin manufa da dama a yankunan Shan da lardin Yunnan na kasar Sin ba, har ma da makarantu da dama, ciki har da makarantar Dara ta Chiang Mai da makarantar Chiang Rai Witthayakhom.

A wani kusurwa na wannan rukunin yanar gizon, Sarauniyar Burtaniya Victoria tana kallon wannan necropolis tare da kyan gani. Wannan mutum-mutumi na tagulla, da aka jefa kuma aka ba shi izini a Ingila, asalinsa ya tsaya a cikin lambun ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya da ke kan titin Charoen Prathet, a gabar Ping, daga Disamba 1903. Lokacin da ofishin jakadancin ya rufe kofofinsa a cikin 1978 saboda raguwar kasafin kuɗi, Victoria ta koma wurin da take yanzu. Wani abu mai ban mamaki shi ne cewa shekaru da yawa Thais suna bauta wa wannan mutum-mutumi a matsayin wani nau'in allahn haihuwa tare da furanni, kyandirori da turare, da zarar sun san yara nawa Victoria ta haifa a rayuwarta ta haihuwa.

Daya daga cikin bayin Victoria masu aminci shine William Alfred Rae Wood, CIE, CMG, bai cika shekaru 19 ba lokacin da Sarauniya ta nada shi a watan Yulin 1896 a matsayin mai fassara na ofishin jakadanci a Bangkok. Tsakanin shekaru shida zuwa sha biyu ya halarci makarantar kwana a Brussels don koyon Faransanci. Nan da nan aka ba shi ayyuka da dama, kamar yadda zai rubuta shekaru da yawa bayan haka a cikin abubuwan tunawa: 'Ina da shekara goma sha takwas na tsinci kaina ina hulda da ma’aikatan jirgin ruwa masu kakkausar murya daga cikin jiragen ruwa, baqi buguwa a wurin bukin lambun jakada kuma na fara wani bargon tsere da doki guda.….Ya kasance farkon dogon aiki na diflomasiyya, wanda ya kai ga nadinsa a matsayin karamin jakadan a Chiang Mai a 1921. Wood ya yi ritaya a 1931, amma ya kwashe shekaru masu zuwa yana koyar da Turanci. Wannan tsohon jami'in diflomasiyya ya tsira da ransa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, kuma ya rasu kwanaki biyu kafin ya cika shekaru 92 da haihuwa^Ste  ranar haihuwa a 1970 a cikin ƙaunataccen Chiang Mai. WAR Wood shine marubucin ɗan wasan ban dariya da ƙarfi sosai.Consul a Aljanna: Shekaru sittin da tara a Siam' kuma tuni a cikin 1926 yana da ɗayan ayyukan bincike na farko na Ingilishi game da Siam, nasa  Tarihin Siam aka buga. Littafinsa ya karanta a sauƙaƙe kuma watakila da gaske 'Ya son Thailand'

Abin ban mamaki shi ne kasancewar wani tsohon limamin Roman ɗan ƙasar Holland akan wannan rukunin Furotesta. Ko da yake, lokacin da yake har yanzu firist na diocese na Groningen-Leeuwarden, Leo Alting von Geusaua ya kasance mai goyon bayan ecumenism da tattaunawa a cikin cocin. Bayan ya rabu da Roma, ya zama masanin ilimin ɗan adam kuma farfesa a Amurka. A 1977 ya zauna tare da Akha kuma ya fara nazarin su da kare bukatunsu a duk inda zai iya. Wanda ya assasa shi Aikin Al'adu da Ci Gaban Al'ummar Dutse Ya mutu a Chiang Rai a shekara ta 2002.

Dutsen kabarin tare da rubutun Thai-Turanci mai harsuna biyu 'Don tunawa da Clifford Johnson Afrilu, 17; 1912 - Nuwamba, 2, 1970 Baƙin da Ya Ƙaunace mu'. Koyaya, ba a binne Clifford Johnson a nan ba. Ya yi fiye da shekara 30 mai wa’azi a ƙasar Thailand Ofishin Jakadancin Ciki na Asiya kuma ba a Chaing Mai kadai yake da daya da hannunsa ba Dakin kwanan dalibai na Yaran Kabilanci tun daga tushe, amma kuma kasuwancin miyagun ƙwayoyi na gida a kai a kai yana sanya babbar hanya a cikin kwandon. Wannan ya sa shi ba abokai kaɗai ba, har ma da ƴan maƙiya. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya yi ritaya a 1970, ya zama  Jama'ar Ritaya ta Palm Gardens An kashe shi a Ashmore, Kudancin California, bisa ga umarnin masu yin muggan kwayoyi na Thai-Burma. Game da rayuwarsa mai ban sha'awa ya bayyana a cikin 2009 'Sirrin Mai ritaya: Magunguna da Mutuwa' da Rupert Nelson.

Ina so in ƙare wannan ɗan yawon shakatawa tare da wani wanda na sani da kaina. Richard Willoughby Wood MC's headstone yana dauke da epitaph'Labari na AsiyaKuma wannan ba ƙarya ba ne domin ya kasance sananne a cikin ƴan gudun hijira a Chiang Mai. An haife shi a London a shekara ta 1916. Mahaifinsa tsohon manajan ne Bombay Burma Trading Corporation kasuwar kasuwa a Chiang Mai da Bangkok, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta kasance babban ma'aikacin jinya a Bangkok na Burtaniya Nursing Home. A cikin 1937 ya bi sawun mahaifinsa kuma ya fara aiki a Burma don aikin Bombay Burma Trading Corporation kasuwar kasuwa Bayan shekaru biyu an nada shi a matsayin laftanar na biyu a cikin Burma Rifles. A lokacin yakin, ya yi nasarar tserewa Jafananci kuma ya zama jami'in leken asiri a gaban Chindwin har sai da ya kusa mutuwa ta typhus a Kirsimeti 1944. A ƙarshen tashin hankali, Wood ya kai matsayi na manyan kuma an ambaci shi sau da yawa akan umarnin ranar sojoji. Saboda jajircewarsa a gaba, an ba shi lambar yabo ta biyu mafi girma ta galantry, da Giciyen soja (MC). Bayan samun 'yancin kai na Burma, ya ƙaura zuwa Thailand inda ya zama ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaura bayan ya yi ritaya.

RW Wood shine marubucin De Mortuis: Labarin Karni na Kasashen Waje na Chiang Mai, takarda da aka sayar har yau don goyon bayan kula da wannan rukunin yanar gizon ta hanyar fiye da ɗaya.