Faɗin ɗaukakar Wat Phra Si Sanphet
Lokacin da nake son gabatar da abokai ga abin da ya saura na tarihin al'adun gargajiya na ban mamaki AyutthayaA koyaushe ina ɗaukar su farko Wat Phra Si Sanfet. Ya taɓa zama haikali mafi tsarki kuma mafi muhimmanci a cikin masarautar. Babban rugujewar Wat Phra Si Sanphet a Ayutthaya har wala yau ya shaida iko da daukakar wannan daular da ta mamaye bakin yammacin yammacin Siam na farko.
An fara gina wannan katafaren ginin haikalin a shekara ta 1441 a karkashin mulkin Sarki Borommatrailokanat (1431-1488) a wurin da kusan karni daya baya, a 1350 ya zama daidai, U-Thong (1314-1369), Sarkin farko na sarauta. Ayutthaya ya gina fadarsa. Borommatrailokanat yana da sabon fada da aka gina a arewacin birnin don haka wannan wurin ya zama samuwa don gina haikalin sarki. Wat Phra Si Sanphet - kamar yau Wat Phra Kaew a filin fada a Bangkok - haikalin sarki ne don haka sufaye ba su zauna ba. Don haka an yi amfani da shi musamman a cikin bukukuwan addini kuma ya zama cibiyar ruhaniya mafi mahimmanci na daular.
Borommatrailokanats 'dan Ramathibodi II (1473-1529) yana da manyan nau'i biyu masu girman kararrawa ko chedis da aka gina a cikin salon Sri Lanka, amma tare da porticos Khmer, a kan terrace kusa da haikalin - wanda tabbas shine tushen asalin fadar - a Sri Lanka. salon mahaifinsa da dan uwansa da suka rasu. Sarki Borommaracha IV - wanda ya mulki Ayutthaya a takaice tsakanin 1529 zuwa 1533 - ya gina chedi na uku kusa da shi wanda ke dauke da tokar Ramathibodi II. Wadannan chedis ba kawai sun gina ragowar wadannan sarakuna ba, har ma sun ƙunshi mutum-mutumi na Buddha da kayan sarauta. Tsakanin chedis akwai kullun da aka gina a kan tsarin ƙasa mai murabba'i kuma an yi masa rawani mai tsayi wanda aka ajiye kayan tarihi a ciki.
Sunan Phra Si Sanphet yana nufin wani mutum-mutumi na Buddha mai tsayin mita 16 da tagulla mai nauyin kilogiram 340 wanda aka sanya a cikin 1500 a cikin babban Wihan, ƙofar haikalin haikalin, ta Sarki Ramathibodi II (1473-1529). Har yanzu kuna iya ganin faɗin faɗin mita 8 wanda dole ne ya goyi bayan mutum-mutumin ton 64. Babban Prasat Phra Narai a bayan haikalin yana da tsarin ƙasan giciye da babban rufi mai hawa huɗu. Gabaɗayan rukunin, wanda kuma ya ƙunshi ƙananan wuraren bauta da salati, an kewaye shi da wani katanga mai tsayi mai mashigar hanya a cikin kowane maki huɗu na kadinal. A cikin 1680s, dukan hadaddun, wanda ya fara nuna alamun farko na lalacewa, Sarki Borommakot (1758-1767) ya gyara shi sosai. Shekaru tara bayan mutuwarsa, a cikin XNUMX Ayutthaya sojojin Burmese suka kama Ayutthaya. Ba wai kawai ya nuna ƙarshen daular Siamese Ban Phlu Luang ba, har ma da ƙarshen babbar daular Ayutthaya. An cinye birnin da wuta da takobi, aka lalatar da shi. An kai 'yan tsirarun mazaunan zuwa Burma a matsayin bayi. Wat Phra Si Sanphet shima bai kubuta daga halaka ba kuma rugujewar ta ba mu hangen nesan halin girman da wannan haikalin ya taba haskakawa.
Masana tarihi na tarihi da na tarihi na farko da suka ziyarci kango su ne Faransawa, waɗanda suka fara bincike, musamman a lokacin 1880-1890. Har zuwa farkon karni na ashirin, wannan rukunin yanar gizon ya mamaye gaba daya. A cikin 1927, Wat Phra Si Sanphet ya zama gadon tarihi na farko da aka kiyaye shi kuma aka sanya shi ƙarƙashin kulawar Sashen Fine Arts na Thai. An sami farfagandar sabuntawa da kiyaye wannan rukunin yanar gizon a matakai da yawa, musamman a shekarun XNUMX da XNUMX. Chedi kawai wanda ke dauke da toka na Borommatrailokanat, a bayan Wihan, an kare shi daga lalacewa kuma saboda haka yana da inganci. Sauran biyun kuma an sake gina su a cikin mahallin babban aikin maidowa. Kyakkyawan samfurin sikelin a cikin akwati na nuni a ƙofar wannan hadaddun yana ba da kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da yadda Wat Phra Si Sanphet ya taɓa kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan kayan ado a cikin kambi na Ayutthaya….
Ah, temples, cathedrals, masallatai… Wani kwatance mai ban mamaki. Zan iya ɗaukar ku a matsayin jagora, Lung Jan?
Wat Phra Si Sanphet, a cikin rubutun Thai shine พระศรีสรรเพชญ Phra da Si (ko Sri) lakabi ne kuma Sanphet yana nufin 'San-duk', ba shakka ana amfani da Buddha kawai.
Magana
'…. haikalin sarki don haka sufaye ba su zama ba…...”
Hakan bai dace ba. Bangkok yana da gidajen ibada guda 9, waɗanda yawancin sufaye ne ke zaune. Shahararren Wat Bowonniwet, inda Sarki Bhumibol da dansa Sarki Maha Vajiralongkorn suka zauna a matsayin sufaye na tsawon makonni.
Dear Tina,
Tabbas kun yi gaskiya game da waɗancan gidajen ibada na sarauta… Akwai kaɗan daga cikinsu a duk faɗin Thailand. Zan koyi bayyana kaina daidai a nan gaba. Abin da nake so in faɗi shi ne cewa wannan haikalin, wanda, kamar Wat Phra Kaew, wani yanki ne wanda ba za a iya raba shi ba na yankin kambi - filin fada, de facto ba shi da sufaye mazauna. Wata al’adar da ba ta zuhudu ba wacce, an taba gaya mani cewa ta samo asali ne tun zamanin Sukothai...;
Wani yanki mai ban sha'awa na tarihin wannan haikali mai daraja. Na gode da aikawa. Ya kasance zuwa Ayutthaya sau da yawa. Da a ce ina da ku a gefena a matsayin jagorar Lung Jan!
Haɗuwa da abubuwan tunawa da Ayutthaya galibi ya dogara ne akan kwanakin da aka bayar a cikin Tarihi na Tarihi na Ayutthaya da aka rubuta a farkon lokacin Rattanakosin. Piriya Krairiksh, a cikin takardarsa "A Revised Dating of Ayudhya Architecture", ya ja hankali ga yiwuwar cewa abubuwan tarihin da muke gani a yau an gina su a wani lokaci na gaba.
Piriya Krairiksh ya bayyana cewa, babu inda a cikin tsoffin takardun da aka bayyana cewa an sanya tokar Sarki Borommatrailokanat da kuma Sarki Borommaracha III kowannensu a cikin wani stupa, yayin da kuma babu wata alama ta wurin da wadannan stupas din suke ko kuma wani ambaton wani haikali.
Zanen mai na "Iudea" daga c. 1659 a cikin Rijksmuseum a Amsterdam da watercolor daga Johannes Vingboons 'atlas na 1665 ba ya nuna wani stupa a baya na sarauta vihara (wihan Luang), sabili da haka ya yi imanin cewa lokaci na gina uku stupas ya kamata a bita. .
Dangane da "Shirin Gidan Sarauta na Siam" wanda Engelbert Kaempfer ya shirya, ya kammala da cewa an gina chedis da aka gani akan shirin a tsakanin 1665 zuwa 1688 a zamanin Sarki Narai, saboda duk waɗannan ƙarin gine-gine sun ɓace daga Vingboons' atlas. Ya kuma lura cewa chedis akan shirin Kaempfer na nau'in prasat ne (sifin mataki), kuma ba nau'in Sinhalese mai siffar kararrawa na yanzu ba. Krairiksh ya rubuta cewa idan muka kwatanta tsarin gine-gine na yanzu na Wat Phra Sri Sanphet da shirin Kaempfer na 1690, babu abin da ya rage daga cikin tsarin da aka nuna a cikin wannan shirin.
Tarihi na Tarihi na Ayutthaya ya rubuta cewa Sarki Borommakot ya ba da umarnin sake gyara Wat Phra Sri Sanphet a cikin 1742 yana jagorantar Krairiksh don ɗauka cewa an rushe gine-ginen da suka gabata kuma an maye gurbinsu da nau'ikan nau'ikan Sinhalese guda uku waɗanda aka haɗa tare da mandapas uku kuma an shimfida su a gabas- axis na yamma bisa ga tsari mai ƙima na lokacin.
Masoyi AHR,
Yana yiwuwa wannan ya shafi sabon gini, sake ginawa ko daidaitawa daga baya. Binciken binciken kayan tarihi da aka yi a Ayutthaya, musamman a shekarun 14 zuwa XNUMX, ya nuna cewa wadannan ayyuka sun zama ruwan dare gama gari. Af, ni da kaina ina magana ne game da filin da chedis ke tsaye a kai, wanda watakila ya kasance wani ɓangare na ainihin ginin gidan sarauta na U Thong, wanda ya fara daga tsakiyar karni na XNUMX. Don ƙawancen Na dogara da kaina akan Haɗin kai na hukuma kamar yadda ya bayyana a cikin babban fayil ɗin kariya da cikakken wanda Sashen Fine Arts na Thai ya zana….