Makabartun yakin Dutch a Kanchanaburi
Ziyarar zuwa Kanchanaburi Makabartar yaki kwarewa ce mai jan hankali. A cikin haske mai haske na Copper Thug yana haskakawa sama da sama, da alama layin bayan jere na rigar mai tsabta. duwatsun kabari a cikin lawn da aka gyara zuwa milimita mafi kusa, ya kai ga sararin sama. Duk da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a titunan da ke kusa, wani lokaci yana iya yin shuru sosai. Kuma wannan yana da kyau saboda wannan wuri ne da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a hankali amma tabbas ya juya zuwa tarihi ...
Wannan kyakkyawan shimfidar Lambun Mutuwa wuri ne wanda, duk da zafi, yana ƙarfafa tunani. Bayan haka, makabartar sojoji ba kawai 'Lieux de Memoire' amma kuma sama da duka, kamar yadda Albert Schweitzer ya taɓa sanya shi da kyau sosai, 'mafi kyawun masu ba da shawara ga zaman lafiya...
Daga cikin fursunonin yaƙi na Holland 17.990 waɗanda sojojin Japan suka tura a tsakanin Yuni 1942 da Nuwamba 1943 a cikin ginin da kuma kula da su daga baya. Titin jirgin kasa na Thai-Burma kusan 3.000 ne suka mutu a wahalhalun da aka shiga. 2.210 mutanen Holland da aka kashe an ba su wurin hutawa na ƙarshe a makabartar sojoji biyu a Thailand kusa da Kanchanaburi: Chungkai War Cemetery en Makabartar Yakin Kanchanaburi. Bayan yakin, an binne mutanen Holland 621 da aka kashe a gefen Burma na layin dogo Thanbyuzayat War makabarta.
Makabartar Yakin Chungkai – Yongkiet Jitwattanatam / Shutterstock.com
Op Makabartar Yakin Kanchanaburi, (GPS 14.03195 – 99.52582) wanda ke kusan rabin tsakanin wurin sunan daya da gadar da ke kan Kwai, an yi bikin tunawa da wadanda yakin ya shafa 6.982. Daga cikin su, Birtaniya, tare da kashe 3.585 a mataki, sune mafi girma. Amma kuma Mutanen Holland da Australiya tare da mutuwar sojoji 1.896 da 1.362 bi da bi suna da wakilci sosai akan wannan rukunin yanar gizon. Akan daban Memorial sunayen mutane 11 ne na India Army wadanda aka yi wa hutun karshe a makabartar musulmi da ke kusa. Yana India Army ya kasance a cikin 18e karni daga sojojin masu zaman kansu na Birtaniya Kamfanin Gabashin India, takwaransa na Dutch VOC, kuma yana yin tun daga 19e karni wani muhimmin bangare na sojojin Birtaniya. Alamun kabari, faranti na simintin ƙarfe a kwance akan ginshiƙan granite, iri ɗaya ne kuma girmansu ɗaya ne. Wannan daidaito yana nufin ra'ayin cewa duk waɗanda suka mutu sun yi sadaukarwa ɗaya, ba tare da la'akari da matsayi ko matsayi ba. A mutuwa kowa daidai yake. Asalinsu akwai fararen gicciye na katako na katako, amma an maye gurbinsu da kaburburan na yanzu a ƙarshen shekarun hamsin da farkon sittin.
Makabartar Yakin Kanchanaburi
Kaburbura guda biyu na kunshe da tokar mutane 300 da aka kona a lokacin barkewar annobar kwalara a watan Mayu-Yuni 1943 a sansanin Nieke. Ana ambaton sunayensu a kan fale-falen da ke cikin rumfar da ke wannan rukunin yanar gizon. Sake gina shafin bayan yakin da kuma zane mai ban sha'awa - salon salon magana na bakin ciki - an hango shi daga masanin CWGC Colin St. Clair Oakes, tsohon sojan Welsh wanda, a cikin Disamba 1945, tare da Kanar Harry Naismith Hobbard, yana cikin kwamitin. wanda ya yi lissafin kaburburan yaki a kasashen da suka hada da Indiya, Burma, Thailand, Ceylon da Malaysia kuma ya yanke shawarar inda za a gina makabartu na gama-gari.
Makabartar Yakin Kanchanaburi Turawan Ingila ne suka fara aiki a karshen shekarar 1945 a matsayin makabartar gamayya. Wurin bai da nisa da sansanin Kanburi, daya daga cikin manyan sansanonin sansanonin kasar Japan, inda kusan kowane fursunonin yakin kawancen da aka tura zuwa layin dogo ya fara wucewa. Yawancin 'yan Holland da aka shiga cikin wannan wurin sun yi aiki a cikin soja, 1.734 daidai. Yawancinsu sun fito ne daga cikin sojojin Royal Dutch East Indies Army (KNIL) 161 daga cikinsu sun yi aiki a wani matsayi ko kuma wani aikin sojan ruwa na Royal Navy kuma 1 da ya mutu na sojojin sama ne na Dutch.
Babban sojan Holland wanda aka shiga a nan shi ne Laftanar Kanar Arie Gottschal. An haife shi a ranar 30 ga Yuli, 1897 a Nieuwenhoorn. Wannan jami'in sojojin KNIL ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Maris 1944 a Tamarkan. An binne shi a VII C 51. Wani kabari mai ban sha'awa shi ne na Count Wilhelm Ferdinand von Ransow. An haifi wannan mai martaba a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1913 a Pamekasan. Kakansa, Imperial Count Ferdinand Heinrich von Ransow yana da Jamus ta Arewa Tushen kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin babban ma'aikacin gwamnati a yankin Gabashin kasar Holland inda ya kasance mazaunin Djokjakarta tsakanin 1868 zuwa 1873. A cikin 1872 an haɗa dangi a cikin manyan mutanen Holland a KB tare da taken gado. Wilhelm Ferdinand kwararren mai sa kai ne a cikin KNIL kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin brigadier/ makaniki a cikin 3e bataliya ta injiniyoyi. Ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 1944 a Camp Nompladuk I.
A cikin wadanda aka yi wa hutu nan da can, muna samun dangin juna nan da can. Johan Frederik Kops mai shekaru 24 daga Klaten ya kasance mai harbin bindiga a cikin KNIL lokacin da ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1943 a Kamp Tamarkan II. An binne shi a kabari VII A 57. Mahaifinsa, Casper Adolf Kops mai shekaru 55, sajan ne a KNIL. Ya mutu a Kinsayok a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 1943. Adadin mutanen Holland da suka mutu a Kinsayok ya yi yawa: a Akalla 175 POWs Dutch sun mutu a can. An binne Casper Kops a kabari VII M 66. An kuma binne 'yan'uwa da yawa a wannan rukunin yanar gizon. Ga wasu daga cikinsu: Jan Kloek mai shekaru 35 daga Apeldoorn, kamar yadda kaninsa Teunis mai shekaru biyu, ya kasance wani sojan kasa a cikin KNIL Jan ya mutu a ranar 28 ga Yuni 1943 a asibitin filin da ke Kinsayok, mai yiwuwa a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. na cutar kwalara da ta yi barna a sansanonin da ke kan layin dogo. An ba shi wurin hutawa na ƙarshe a cikin kabari na gama gari VB 73-74. Teunis zai mutu bayan 'yan watanni, ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1943 a Takanon. An binne shi a VII H 2.
An haifi Gerrit Willem Kessing da kaninsa Frans Adolf mai shekaru uku a Surabaya. Sun yi aiki a matsayin sojoji a cikin sojojin ƙwararrun KNIL. Gerrit Willem (garin kabari VC 6-7) ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Yuli, 1943 a Kinsayok, Frans Adolf ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1943 a Kamp Takanon (kabari VII K 9). An haifi George Charles Stadelman a ranar 11 ga Agusta, 1913 a Yogyakarta. Ya kasance Sajan a KNIL kuma ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 1943 a Kuima. An binne shi a cikin kabari VA 69. An haifi ɗan'uwansa Jacques Pierre Stadelman a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 1916 a Djokjakarta. Wannan mai gadi a cikin makamin KNIL ya mutu a ranar 17 ga Disamba, 1944 a Tamarkan. Aƙalla fursunonin yaƙi na Holland 42 ne suka mutu a wannan sansani na ƙarshe. An binne Jacques Stadelman a cikin kabari VII C 54. An haifi ’yan’uwan Stephanos da Walter Artem Tatewossianz a Baku a ƙasar Azerbaijan, wanda a lokacin yana cikin daular tsarist na Rasha. Stephanos mai shekaru 33 (VC 45) ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 1943 a Rintin. Akalla mutanen Holland 44 ne suka mutu a wannan sansanin. Dan uwansa Walter Aertem (III A 29) mai shekaru 62 ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Agusta, 1943 a Kuie. Mutanen Holland 124 za su rasa rayukansu a wannan sansanin na ƙarshe…
A cikin mafi ƙarancin ziyarta Chungkai War Cemetery (GPS 14.00583 – 99.51513) An binne sojoji 1.693 da suka mutu. 1.373 Biritaniya, 314 Yahudanci da 6 maza India Army. Makabartar ba ta da nisa daga inda kogin Kwai ya raba zuwa Mae Khlong da Kwai Noi. An kafa wannan makabarta a cikin 1942 kusa da fursunonin Chungkai na sansanin yaki, wanda ya kasance daya daga cikin sansanonin tushe a lokacin gina layin dogo. An kafa wani asibiti mai zaman kansa a cikin wannan sansanin kuma yawancin fursunonin da suka mutu a nan an tsare su a wannan wurin. Kamar in Makabartar Yakin Kanchanaburi CWGC Architect Colin St. Clair Oakes shi ma ya dauki nauyin tsara wannan makabarta.
Daga cikin 'yan kasar Holland wadanda aka bai wa wurin hutawa na karshe a nan, 278 na soja ne (yafi KNIL), 30 na sojojin ruwa da 2 na sojojin sama. Karamin sojan Holland da za a binne a nan shi ne Theodorus Moria mai shekaru 17. An haife shi a ranar 10 ga Agusta, 1927 a Bandung kuma ya rasu a ranar 12 ga Maris, 1945 a asibitin Chungkai. Wannan Marine 3e An binne aji a kabari III A 2. Kamar yadda na iya tabbatarwa, Sajan Anton Christiaan Vrieze da Willem Frederik Laeijendecker a cikin kaburbura IX A 8 da XI G 1, suna da shekaru 55, su ne sojoji da suka mutu a cikin kaburbura. Chungkai War Cemetery.
Manyan sojojin Holland guda biyu a lokacin mutuwarsu, kyaftin biyu ne. An haifi Henri Willem Savalle a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu, 1896 a Voorburg. Wannan jami'in aikin ya kasance kyaftin din manyan bindigogi a cikin KNIL lokacin da ya mutu sakamakon cutar kwalara a ranar 9 ga Yuni 1943 a asibitin sansanin Chungkai. An binne shi a VII E 10. An haifi Wilhelm Heinrich Hetzel a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 1894 a Hague. A rayuwar farar hula ya kasance likitan injiniyan ma'adinai kuma injiniya. Kafin su tashi zuwa Indies Gabas ta Holland, ya auri Johanna Helena van Heusden a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 1923 a Middelburg. Wannan kyaftin din ajiye makamai na KNIL ya mutu a Beri-Beri a ranar 2 ga Agusta, 1943 a asibitin sansanin Chungkai. Yanzu an binne shi a cikin kabari VM 8.
Akalla sojoji uku ne wadanda ba soja ba ne aka binne a wannan wurin. Dan kasar Holland JW Drinhuijzen ya mutu yana da shekaru 71 a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1945 a Nakompaton. Dan uwansa Agnes Mathilde Mende ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1946 a Nakompaton. An dauki Agnes Mende a matsayin 2e commies na NIS kuma an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1921 a Djokjakarta. Matthijs Willem Karel Schaap ya kuma ga hasken rana a cikin Indies Gabashin Yaren mutanen Holland. An haife shi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1879 a Bodjonegoro kuma ya mutu shekaru 71 bayan haka, ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 1946 don zama daidai a Nakompaton. An binne su kusa da juna a cikin kaburbura a cikin fili X, jere E, kaburbura 7, 8 da 9.
Dukansu rukunin yanar gizon suna gudanar da su Hukumar Kaburbura ta Commonwealth (CWGC), magajin ga Hukumar Kaburbura ta Imperial (IWGC) wanda aka kafa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Farko don ba da wurin hutu na ƙarshe mai daraja ga faduwar Tarayyar Burtaniya. Haka kuma ana kula da kula da kaburburan Dutch a fagagen su na girmamawa da wannan ƙungiyar tare da tuntuɓar Gidauniyar War Graves Foundation. Haka kuma akwai wasu makabartu na sojojin Holland 13 da na fararen hula a Asiya. Yafi a Indonesia, amma kuma a, misali, Hong Kong, Singapore da kuma Koriya ta Kudu Tangok.
Bayani mai yawa kuma a tsanake, tabbas hakan ya kasance nazari sosai. An ƙara hotuna masu kyau.
Yanzu tarihi, amma sai danyen gaskiya. Allah ya sa maza da mata marasa aure su huta lafiya.
Kuma tambaya game da dutsen Count Von Ransow, in ji Brig. Gl. Shin wannan bai tsaya ga Birgediya Janar ba? Wannan da alama ya fi dacewa da babban takensa maimakon sajan / makaniki.
Masoyi Piotrpatong,
Na yi mamakin wannan da kaina, amma wani birgediya janar na ɗan shekara 31, ko mai suna ko a'a, matashi ne sosai... Ni ba ƙwararre ba ne a kan mukaman Dutch a lokacin WWII ko a KNIL, amma ina tsammanin an gabatar da matsayin Birgediya Janar. bayan WWII (Haɗin Biritaniya Gimbiya Irene Brigade...) kuma ba a ƙara amfani da shi...Tabbatacce, na ɗauki katin ƙididdigansa a Gidauniyar War Graves kuma an jera matsayinsa kamar haka: Brigadier Gi kuma saboda haka ba Gl.. (wataƙila Gi taƙaitaccen kati ne don hazaka...) Katin sa na asali a matsayin ɗan fursuna na yaƙin Jafan da aka ajiye a ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida - Stichting Administratie Indische Pensioenen ya lissafta matsayin birgediya makaniki a Battalion 3 na Injiniyoyi na KNIL ... A shugaban wata bataliya ta KNIL akwai Kanar amma tabbas ba birgediya janar ba...
Kada kuma mu manta cewa akwai umarnin Japan na KASHE DUKAN Fursunonin. An yi sa'a, bama-baman nukiliya guda 2 da aka jefa kan kasar Japan sun gaggauta mika wuya, ko da yake a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta Japan ba ta yi wani yunkuri na yin hakan ba. Mai yiwuwa guguwar Soviet ta mamaye Manchuria a ranar 10 ga Agusta, wanda ba zato ba tsammani ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da aka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar ranar 2 ga Oktoba. don kawo yankin gaba ɗaya ƙarƙashin ikon su na ɗan lokaci, maƙasudin ƙaddamarwa na ƙarshe zuwa capitulation.
duba tare da Google: "umarnin Japan na kashe duk fursunoni Sept 1945"
Na sani, wannan labarin game da makabartun Holland ne.
Akwai sha'awa da yawa ga ma'aikatan Asiya 200.000 zuwa 300.000 da ke kan layin dogo, wadanda kaso mafi girma daga cikinsu suka rasa rayukansu. Mutane da yawa daga Malaysia, Burma, Ceylon da Java. Da kyar ake tunawa da su. An bayyana wannan a cikin wannan labarin a cikin New York Times:
https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/10/world/asia/10iht-thai.1.10867656.html
Cita:
Worawut Suwannarit, farfesa a fannin tarihi a jami'ar Kanchanaburi Rajabhat wanda ya kwashe shekaru da dama yana kokarin samun karin karbuwa ga ma'aikatan Asiya, ya zo da kakkausan harshe.
"Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake kiran waɗannan ƙasashe waɗanda ba su ci gaba ba - ƙasashen duniya na uku," in ji shi. "Ba su damu da mutanensu ba."
Wasu kuma na zargin Turawan mulkin mallaka kafin da kuma bayan yakin Burma da Malaya, kasashen biyu da suka fi yawan ma’aikata zuwa titin jirgin kasa, da rashin yin wani abu na girmama wadanda suka mutu.
Gwamnatin Thailand ba ta da wani kwarin gwiwa don girmama wadanda suka mutu saboda 'yan kasar Thailand kadan ne ke aiki a layin dogo.
A'a.. Gwamnatin Thai ba ta son a tuna da halin Thai game da Jafananci. Yawancin mutanen da ke zaune a Thailand - musamman Sinawa - an tilasta musu yin aiki a nan kuma sun mutu. gani a thailandblog, Feb 10. 2019: https://www.thailandblog.nl/achtergrond/de-onbekende-railway-of-death/
Dear Tina,
Littafin da na yi aiki da shi na ƴan shekaru kuma wanda a yanzu nake kammalawa ya fi mayar da hankali ne ga Romusha, 'yan Asiya da aka manta' da suka faɗo a lokacin gina layin dogo guda biyu na Japan tsakanin Thailand da Burma. Abubuwan da na yi nasarar samun hannuna a kai sun nuna cewa yawancin mutanen Asiya sun shiga cikin waɗannan ayyukan, da son rai ko tilastawa, fiye da yadda ake tunani a baya. Mutuwar mutanen Asiya 90.000 da aka yi hasashe na shekaru da yawa dole ne a daidaita su cikin gaggawa zuwa akalla 125.000... Na samu - ba tare da wahala ba - an gano wani abu wanda ke ba da haske daban-daban game da shigar Thai. A cikin littafina zan tattauna, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, makomar da ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba ta wata ƙungiya mai ƙabila ta Sinawa a Tailandia waɗanda aka 'tilasta a hankali' don yin aikin waɗannan layin dogo, amma kuma, alal misali, game da gaskiyar da ke ɓoye a hankali. Kasar Thailand ta ce a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, gwamnatin kasar Thailand ta ba da rancen kudi na baht miliyan 491 ga kasar Japan domin gina hanyoyin jirgin kasa.
Yana da kyau cewa kuna rubuta wannan littafin. Bari mu san lokacin da ya fito da kuma yadda za a yi oda.
A romoesja (Jafananci: 労務者, rōmusha: "ma'aikaci") ma'aikaci ne, mafi yawa daga Java, wanda ya yi aiki ga mamaya na Japan a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya shafi bauta a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi a dakin karatu na Majalisar Dokokin Amurka, tsakanin romusha miliyan 4 zuwa 10 ne Jafanawa suka yi amfani da su.
Babban aiki Jan, lallai bai kamata mu tsaya kan kanmu kawai da wadanda abin ya shafa ba da duk firgicin da mutane (farar hula da sojoji) suka fuskanta.
Ya kasance a can a 1977. Sai aka yi mamakin yadda mutane za su ƙi juna har suna kashe juna da yankan juna. Domin shi ke nan yaki. kisan da aka halatta.
Na kasance a can makon da ya gabata kuma na yi sharhi cewa alamun suna a kan kaburburan Holland sun kasance cikin yanayi mafi muni fiye da na Ingilishi. Ina da ra'ayin cewa turawa sun fi kulawa da makabartar sojoji a kasashen waje
Bayan makabartar akwai wata kyakkyawar majami'ar Katolika mai suna Beata Mundi Regina daga 1955. Wannan coci a matsayin abin tunawa da yaƙi wani yunƙuri ne na Joseph Welsing, wanda shi ne jakadan Holland a Burma. Abin lura shine hoton Sarkin Thailand kusa da bagadi.
Idan kun kasance a yankin, ziyarar gidan kayan gargajiyar da ke kusa da makabarta yana da daraja ziyarar.
Wurin tunawa da Wutar Wuta, cibiyar tunawa da Ostiraliya da Thailand suka kafa, ita ma tana da ban sha'awa.
Na kasance a can kuma hakika yana da ban sha'awa. Idan ka dubi kaburbura, da yawa matasa da suka mutu a can. Kada mu manta!
Bayan kun ziyarci makabarta da gidan kayan gargajiya, dole ne ku yi tafiya ta jirgin ƙasa. Sa'an nan ne kawai za ku fahimci cikakken labarin har ma da kyau. Da yawa sun mutu, sai ka ga aikin da suka yi, kana jin zafinsu da bakin ciki a cikin zuciyarka lokacin da kake tuki a kan hanya.
Kuma bari mu kuma girmama Thais waɗanda suka taimaka wa ma'aikatan tilastawa a hanyar jirgin ƙasa na Thai-Burma. Me yasa ba a cika yin hakan ba?
https://www.thailandblog.nl/achtergrond/boon-pong-de-thaise-held-die-hulp-verleende-aan-de-krijgsgevangenen-bij-de-dodenspoorlijn/
A lokacin da muka yi sanyi a shekara ta 2014, mun ziyarci Kanchanaburi na ƴan kwanaki kuma mun ziyarci taron Tunawa da Mutuwar, wanda ya burge mu sosai kuma abin da ya burge mu shi ne cewa an kula da shi sosai kuma mun ci karo da sunayen mutanen Holland da yawa.
mai mutuntawa sosai..