Mekong yana ƙara fuskantar barazanar buri mara iyaka

Tibet Plateau a Chamdo

Tun da farko a shafin yanar gizon Thailand na nuna mahimmancin mahimmancin Mekong, ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun koguna masu shahara a Asiya. Duk da haka, ba kogi ba ne kawai, amma hanyar ruwa ce mai cike da tatsuniyoyi da tarihi.

Kogin ya hau saman rufin duniya, a cikin dusar ƙanƙara ta tudun Tibet kusa da Chamdo kuma ya ratsa ta Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin, Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia da Vietnam sannan ya zarce bango da bango bayan 4.909. km. bakin tekun Kudancin China. Wannan rafi mai girma shine jigon rayuwa marar kuskure na yankin da ya haifa tare da binne wasu al'adu da al'adu masu ban sha'awa a duniya.

Halin yanayin Mekong mai rauni a yau yana fuskantar barazanar karancin matakan ruwa. Masana sun yi hasashen cewa Thailand, Cambodia, Laos da Vietnam za su fuskanci wani lokacin fari na musamman aƙalla har zuwa Fabrairu kuma watakila ma Maris 2020. Karancin ruwa wanda ko shakka babu zai yi tasiri babba da kuma mummunan tasiri, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, kamun kifi, amma kuma a kan noman noma da ya dogara da ban ruwa na Mekong da magudanan ruwa, wanda aka kiyasta zai ciyar da mutane miliyan 60.

Fari, wanda wani bangare ne sakamakon rashin karancin damina, ya haifar da karancin ruwa a kogin cikin shekaru 60. A cikin shekara ta al'ada, lokacin damina a cikin tafkin Mekong yana farawa a cikin makonni na ƙarshe na Mayu kuma yana ƙare a cikin Oktoba. A wannan shekara an fara makonni uku a ƙarshen kuma ya ƙare kusan wata ɗaya da wuri… Sakamakon bai daɗe ba. The Hukumar kogin Mekong wanda aka kafa shekaru 24 da suka gabata a matsayin hukumar kula da ruwa da dorewa ta wannan rafi ta riga ta yi ƙararrawa a cikin watan Yuni game da ƙarancin ruwan da ake samu a yankin Mekong Delta mai yaɗuwa da yawa a Kudancin Vietnam.

Kogin Mekong a Nong Khai

A halin yanzu, a karshen watan Nuwamba, lamarin bai inganta ba, wani bangare na yanayin zafi da ba zato ba tsammani a yankin, akasin haka. Mambobin kungiyar Hukumar Kogi yanzu ana tunanin cewa lamarin zai kara tabarbarewa cikin watanni biyu ko uku masu zuwa, inda kasashen Thailand da Cambodia, idan aka kwatanta da Laos da Vietnam, za su fi fuskantar matsala. Manyan sassa na Thailand da Cambodia sun riga sun sha fama da karancin ruwa da fari a cikin 'yan watannin nan, amma yanzu ana sa ran karin lokacin fari na makonni da watanni masu zuwa, wanda zai kara matsin lamba kan masana'antar Mekong mai rauni da daraja. ecosystem. yi. Ina iya ganin ta da idanuwana, domin a bayan gida na yana gudanar da tashar Mun, mafi dadewa a yankin Mekong na Thai. Abin da bai taɓa faruwa a baya ba, yanzu kuna iya tafiya cikin ruwa mai zurfi a idon sawu, wani lokacin har ma kawai takawa daga bankin yashi zuwa bankin yashi, daga wannan banki zuwa wancan….

Duk da haka, rashin ruwan sama ba shine kadai ya haifar da karancin ruwa ba. Babban barazanar da babu shakka ta samo asali ne ta hanyar gina madatsun ruwa da dama a kan Mekong da kuma wasu magudanan ruwa. Aikin kula da babbar tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta birnin Jinghong dake lardin Yunnan na kudancin kasar Sin, wanda ya tada ruwan Mekong na tsawon makonni biyu a watan Yuli, da kuma gwajin da aka yi a madatsar Xayaburi da ke Laos a matsayin wani bangare na haifar da karancin ruwa. matakan ruwa. Tailandia har ma ta yi zanga-zangar nuna adawa da gwajin da aka yi a madatsar ruwa ta Xayaburi, wanda ke da ban mamaki a kanta idan mutum ya san cewa ita ce gwamnatin kasar Thailand. Hukumar Samar da Wutar Lantarki ta Thailand (EGAT) shine babban abokin ciniki don gina wannan tashar samar da wutar lantarki…

Dam Xayaburi in Laos

Kwararru da dama sun nuna yatsa na zargi ga masu mulkin gurguzu a Vientiane babban birnin kasar Laos. Sama da shekaru goma da suka gabata sun fahimci cewa samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki zai iya kawo makudan kudade. A kokarin 'Batirin Asiya' An fara gudanar da jerin ayyuka masu kishin kasa, wadanda galibin Sinawa ke jagoranta, da ayyukan lalata da kuma gina manyan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan tsare-tsare an ɓoye su a cikin sirri, bisa ga motsin muhalli Rivers na duniya Kasar Laos za ta kafa wata manufa ta sabbin madatsun ruwa guda 72 wadanda 12 daga cikinsu za a fara gina su ko kuma a kammala su, yayin da wasu fiye da 20 za su kasance cikin shirin.

Gaskiyar cewa wannan fushin ginin ba tare da haɗari ba ya bayyana a fili a ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2018. Sannan wani bangare na madatsar ruwan da ke tashar samar da wutar lantarki da ke Xe Pian-Xe Nam Noi kusa da gundumar Sanamxay a lardin Attapeu ta kudu ya ruguje. Abokan ciniki na wannan aikin sun haɗa da Thai Ratchaburi Electricity Generating Holding, Koriya ta Kudu Koriya ta Yamma Power da kuma kamfanin mallakar jihar Lao Lao Holding. Ta cikin ramin, wani ruwa mai kisa da kisa da aka kiyasta ya kai mita biliyan 5 na ruwa ya bi ta kauyukan da ke bakin kogin Xe Pian. Gwamnatin Laos, da ke son a boye lamarin, ta amince a hukumance kwanaki 19 da nutsewar ruwa, wasu daruruwa kuma sun bace, sannan aka kwashe mutane 3.000. Sai dai kuma a cewar kwararru na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, akalla ‘yan kasar Laotiyawa 11.000 ne wannan bala’i ya shafa kuma sama da mutane 150 ne suka mutu… Tun da farko, a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2017, tafkin ruwa na wani dam da ake ginawa a kogin Nam Ao a cikin Gundumar Phaxay da ke lardin Xiangkhouang ta rushe…

Yanzu haka ita kanta jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin ta kammala gina madatsun ruwa guda 11 a kan tekun Mekong, kuma ana shirin gina wasu karin guda 8 nan da shekaru masu zuwa. Ba wai kawai waɗannan ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa na megalomaniac suna barazana ga kula da ruwa da aminci ba, amma an kuma tabbatar da cewa kifayen kifaye a Laos, Thailand, Cambodia da Vietnam suna shan wahala sosai daga waɗannan ayyukan. Misali, an kididdige cewa a kusa da madatsar ruwan Theun Hinboum da ke tsakiyar Laos, bayan kammala wannan madatsar ruwa a shekarar 1998, an rage kamun kifi da kashi 70% na kifin da za a gina wannan dam. Ko kuma yadda buri marasa iyaka ke ƙara yin barazana ga makomar Mekong mai fa'ida…