Rolin-Jaequemyns Ofishin Masu Ba da Shawarar Shari'a

Rolin-Jaequemyns (Madogararsa: Wikimedia)

Domin samun cikakken tsarin tsarin duniya da turawa ke mamaye da shi a karshen karni na sha tara, wasu kasashen da ba na yamma ba sun kasance karkashin 'matsi mai laushi' ta hanyar diflomasiyya a karshen karni na sha tara don yin biyayya ga adadi. na yanayi. Misali, Siam - Tailandia ta yau - dole ne ta rungumi tsarin shari'a na zamani, da bin ka'idojin shari'a na kasa da kasa, kafa jami'an diflomasiyya da kuma samun hukumomin gwamnati yadda ya kamata. Don tafiyar da wannan zamani na jihar Siamese ta hanyar da ta dace, gwamnatin Siyama ta yi kira ga Bature lauya kuma tsohon dan siyasa Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns (1835-1902).  

Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns yana da shekaru 57 kuma ya riga ya yi aiki mai ban sha'awa lokacin da ya isa Siam a 1892. Wannan dan siyasar da ke da kyakykyawan ra'ayi na sassaucin ra'ayi tsohon ministan cikin gida ne na Belgium kuma, a matsayinsa na shahararren lauya a duniya, yana da babban ra'ayi wajen kafa lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel a shekara ta 1904. Institut de Droit International. Ba zato ba tsammani, tun 1874 ya jagoranci wani kwamiti a cikin wannan ma'aikata wanda ke magance matsalolin ƙaura a cikin ƙasashen Asiya.

Sabanin abin da ake zato, tuntuɓar farko na Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns tare da wakilan gwamnatin Siamese dole ne ya faru a farkon 1891 a lokacin aikin Turai na Yarima Damrong, wanda ke neman goyon baya da abokansa a wancan lokacin. Bayan haka, Rolin-Jaequemyns ya aika CV zuwa Frederick W. Verne, sakataren kungiyar Siamese a Bombay, kafin karshen wannan shekarar. A kowane hali, da alama cewa Birtaniyya na da karfin fada a cikin wannan nadin kuma cewa a cikin kanta ba abin mamaki ba ne saboda Rolin - Jaequemyns ba a san shi sosai a matsayin abokin Faransa ba don haka zai iya zama da amfani ga Birtaniya wajen iyakance burin mulkin mallaka na Faransa a ciki. Gabas mai nisa.

Ko da yake Rolin-Jaequemyns ya zama babban mai ba da shawara kan manufofin waje da na cikin gida ga gwamnatin Siamese tsakanin 1892 zuwa 1901, ya fi damuwa da gabatar da sauye-sauyen shari'a da ake bukata. Ma'aikatar Shari'a da aka kafa a Bangkok a cikin 1892 da Majalisar Dokoki da aka kafa a cikin Janairu 1895 ne suka sauƙaƙe hakan. Cibiyar ta ƙarshe za ta kasance a cikin shekaru masu zuwa za ta kasance mai zurfi a cikin ƙididdigewa da sake fasalin dokokin Siamese. Manufar ba don kwafin misalan ƙasashen waje ba ne a makance, amma don ƙirƙirar sabbin dokoki gaba ɗaya tare da mutunta tsoffin dokoki da ƙa'idodi. Don sake fasalin kotuna, Rolin-Jaequemyns ya sami mustard a waje, wato Burtaniya.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan Rolin - Jaequemyns ya isa Bangkok, ba kawai matarsa ​​Emilie da 'yarsa Henriette suka zo ba, har ma da lauyoyi da yawa - yawancinsu daga iyalai masu sassaucin ra'ayi daga Brussels da Ghent - waɗanda dole ne su taimaka masa. aikinsa. Na farko kuma mafi mahimmanci na wannan abin da ake kira Ofishin Jakadancin Rolmin-Jaequemyns babu shakka Robert John Kirkpatrick de Closeburn, lauya ne dan asalin Scotland da aka haifa a Brussels a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1865. Kirkpatrick, da laude da laude likita juris aka inganta zuwa ga Jami'ar Libre de Bruxelles Lauya ne mai ban sha'awa wanda, bayan ya isa Bangkok a cikin Fabrairu 1894, da sauri ya fito a matsayin na hannun dama na Gustave Rolin - Jaequemyns. Kuma bai tsaya nan ba domin a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1896 ya auri Henriette Rolin a cocin Furotesta a Bangkok. Kasancewar sarakunan Siamese da jiga-jigan minista Damrong, Devawongse da Bhanurangsi na daga cikin shaidun wannan bikin aure alama ce ta martabar da Kirkpatrick ya samu. 'Ya'yansu, waɗanda aka haifa a Bangkok, za su kuma shafe yawancin rayuwarsu a fagen shari'a. 'Yar Nell (°1898) ta auri sanannen masanin tarihin shari'a Frans Ganshof. Son Robert jr. (°1899) ya zama farfesa a fannin shari'a a Burtaniya Jami'ar Libre de Bruxelles. Ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1991 a Brussels. Ɗansa Jean Robert (1934-2015) lauya ne a Kotun Cassation kuma tsohon shugaban Bar.

Kirkpatrick, wanda da alama ya ci gaba da aiki tuƙuru, baya ga aikinsa na majalisar dokoki, kuma kusan shi kaɗai ne ke da alhakin share ɗaruruwan shari'o'in da aka samu a lardunan. Zai iya dogara da goyon bayan da yarima Rajburi ya yi, wanda a cikin 1891 ya halarci babbar nasara Kwalejin Christchurch ya sauke karatu daga Oxford a matsayin lauya, Siamese na uku da ya taba kammala karatun digirin digirgir. A cikin Maris 1896, an nada wannan dan Sarki Chulalongkorn Ministan Shari'a. Kirkpatrick ba wai kawai yana da babban ra'ayi a sake fasalin hukumomin shari'a na Siamese ba, amma, kamar surukinsa, ya kuma taka rawa sosai wajen tsara manufofin kasashen waje na Siamese. Misali, ya samu nasarar gudanar da tattaunawar da ta kai ga yarjejeniyar Siam-Japan ta 1898. Bayan shekara guda, Robert Kirkpatrick, wanda ya raunana da zazzabin cizon sauro, ya koma Belgium tare da iyalinsa, inda ya mutu jim kadan bayan isowarsa…

A cikin shekara ta 1900, sa’ad da wa’adin aikin Rolin-Jaequemyns ke zuwa ƙarshe, 9 daga cikin mashawartan shari’a 11 na gwamnatin Siamese ’yan Belgium ne. Sauran biyun su ne dan kasar Holland Patijn da kuma dan kasar Japan Masao. Jimlar lauyoyin Belgian 14 an ce sun kasance suna aiki a Siam na ɗan gajeren lokaci ko tsayi a cikin mahallin Ofishin Jakadancin Rolin - Jaequemyns.

Daya daga cikin sauran manyan mutane shine Corneille Schlesser (1866-1952) An haife shi a Ell, Luxembourg, wannan likitan doka an yi masa rajista a matsayin lauya a mashaya Brussels. Ya auri Marie Geoffroy kuma ya isa Siam a 1895 bisa bukatar Gustave Rolin. Da farko ya damu sosai da gyara hukumomin shari'a, amma a shekara ta 1900 ya gaji Kirkpatrick, wanda ya koma Belgium a matsayin babban mashawarcin shari'a ga gwamnatin Siamese. Har ila yau, yana cikin kwamitin da, tsakanin 1905 zuwa 1908, a karkashin jagorancin masanin shari'a na Faransa Georges Padoux, ya tsara kundin hukunta laifuka na Siamese.

Pierre Orts a shekara ta 1934

Pierre Orts (1872-1956) ya kasance, don magana, an yanke shi don yin aikin shari'a, ya kasance na ƙarni na shida a cikin jerin manyan masana shari'a da ba su wargaje ba. Kakansa shi ne tsohon ministan sassaucin ra'ayi na jihar Auguste Orts, lauya, farfesa kuma masanin tarihi. Mahaifin Pierre Orts shi ne mai ba da shawara a Kotun Cassation a Brussels. A matsayinsa na sabon likitan shari'a, shi ne shugaban ma'aikatan tawagar Rolin - Jaequemyns a Bangkok tsakanin 1896 da 1898, inda ya fi damuwa da aiwatar da dangantakar kasashen waje ta Siamese. A cikin kaka na 1897, alal misali, ya ziyarci jihohin Laotian da Arewacin Siamese vassal a matsayin babban kwamishina na Sarki Chulalongkorn. A cikin Maris 1898 ya koma Belgenland don murmurewa daga zazzabin cizon sauro. Iyalinsa sun matsa masa lamba, bai koma Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya ba, inda aka ba shi sabon aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin shari’a a Luang Prabang. Ya shiga aikin diflomasiyya na Belgium kuma ya fi damuwa da manufofin mulkin mallaka a Kongo. Ya kare aikinsa a matsayin babban sakataren ma'aikatar harkokin waje. Shi ne surukin lauya mai tasiri Walter Ganshof van der Meersch.

Iyali Jottrand

Auguste Dauge (1865-1947) daga Ghent shima ya fito daga dangin fitattun lauyoyi da malamai. Wannan lauya, wanda - wanda ya kasance kyauta mai kyau - kuma yana da digiri a fannin kasuwanci da kimiyyar jakadanci, ya cika shekaru 32 da haihuwa lokacin da ya isa Bangkok. Kasa da shekaru uku daga baya, ya bar Ofishin Jakadancin Rolin - Jaequemyns, amma ya yi amfani da kwarewarsa da hanyar sadarwarsa don nada shi a wasu ofisoshin diflomasiyya a Asiya. Misali, shi ne mataimakin karamin jakadan kasar Belgium a birnin Beijing.

Emile Jottrand mai shekaru 28 (1870-1966) ya zama memba na kotun kasa da kasa ta Korat kuma ya kasance wani bangare na Borisapha da Kotun daukaka kara a Bangkok An auri Denise Weiler wadda ta bi mijinta zuwa Bangkok. Bayan sun dawo Belgium a shekara ta 1905, ma'auratan sun buga littafin har yanzu Au Siam - Jaridar de voyage de M. et Mme. Jottrand.  Emile Jottrand daga baya zai rika buga labarai akai-akai game da Siam a cikin jaridun kasa. Ba kamar yawancin sauran membobin Ofishin Jakadancin Rolin-Jaequemyns ba, bai shiga hidimar diflomasiyya ba ko kuma ya kasance lauya, amma ya zama darektan ofishin jakadancin. Cibiyar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci in Mons.

Félicien Cattier (1869-1946) yana da shekaru 27 lokacin da ya fara aiki a Bangkok na tsawon shekara guda a aikin doka na Belgium. Rolin - Jaequemyns ya kira shi daya daga cikin mafi kyawun basira a mashaya Brussels. Duk da haka, ya kasance ba kawai lauya ba, amma kuma likita ne na kimiyyar siyasa da gudanarwa. Bayan 'lokacin hidima' a Siam, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa 'karɓar' 'cike' na Leopold II's Congo Free State da Belgium. Wannan farfesa a ULB ya zama gwamnan jihar Societe Generale kuma shugaban kungiyar Union miniere du Haut-Katanga daya daga cikin manyan masu kudi da bankunan Belgium a farkon rabin karni na ashirin. Hakan ya ba shi lakabin Baron. René Sheridan, wanda ya yi aiki tare da Cattier na ɗan lokaci, zai zauna a Siam mafi dadewa daga cikin masu ba da shawara na Belgium. Ya bauta wa gwamnatin Siamese sama da kwata na karni kuma Sarki Vajiravudh ya ba shi lakabi mai daraja na Phyay Vides Dharmamontri. Ya mutu a Bangkok a shekara ta 1927. Kamar Kirkpatrick da Schlesser, René Sheridan ya zauna a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan Kotun Koli, San Dika.

Félicien Catier (dama a cikin hoto) a cikin 1924

Mun dai san Charles Symon da R. Timont cewa sun yi aiki a matsayin mataimakan masu ba da shawara kan harkokin shari'a a Bangkok, Phuket da Phitsanulok. Bayan haka kuma sun shiga aikin diflomasiyya. Charles Robyns, a gefe guda, ya kasance mai himma a cikin ƙayyadaddun doka na iyakokin yankin Siamese kuma aka buga akan wannan. Kundin iyakacin iyaka na Siam na 1905. Abin takaici, na kasa samun cikakkun bayanai game da ayyukan sauran masu ba da shawara, musamman A. Henvaux, L. De Busscher da A. Baudour. Abin takaici, bincike a cikin ma'ajiyar harkokin waje a Brussels su ma ba su haifar da komai ba…