Andreas du Plessis de Richelieu: farang, saber sharpener, dan jari-hujja da dama

Admiral Andreas du Plessis de Richelieu

A yau shi mutum ne da aka manta da shi a tarihi, amma Andreas du Plessis de Richelieu ya taɓa kasancewa mutum ne da ba a taɓa samun sabani ba. Farang a cikin Ƙasar Murmushi.

An haifi mutumin da ke da wannan sunan iyali mai ban sha'awa a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1852 a Loejt Kirkeby, Denmark, cikin dangin limamin gida. Iyalinsa na cikin dubun-dubatar Huguenots waɗanda, bayan soke dokar Nantes a 1685, sun nemi mafaka a Jamhuriyar Larduna Bakwai na United Kingdom, da ƙasashen Jamus, Ingila, Scandinavia har ma a cikin mulkin mallaka na VOC a lokacin mulkin mallaka. Cape a Afirka ta Kudu. Kakanninsa sun zauna a Norway a kusa da 1690 amma daga baya suka koma Denmark. Du Plessis shine sunan sunan babban kadinal na Faransa kuma ɗan ƙasa de Richelieu. Duk da cewa an ƙara Richelieu zuwa sunan iyali, babu wata shaida ta haɗin iyali da rouge.

Lokacin da Andreas ya yi rajista a matsayin dalibi a Makarantar Cathedral a Roskilde a cikin 1864, an ruwaito a cikin rajistar cewa mahaifinsa, Reverend Louis du Plessis de Richelieu, ya mutu yana da shekaru 38 a St. Thomas, tsibirin mara kyau a cikin Caribbean da aka mamaye tsakanin 1672 da 1917. ya kasance yankin Danish, inda - kuma wannan yana da ban mamaki - Yaren mutanen Holland shine babban harshe har zuwa rabin karshe na karni na sha takwas ... Andreas ya zaɓi aiki a rundunar sojan ruwa ta Danish, ya sami matsayin babban hafsan hafsoshin sojan ruwan Denmark a lokacin da ya kammala aikinsa. Ship Master Certificate samu.

Amma wannan a fili bai isa ba ga wannan matashi kuma mai kishi na Dane. A lokacin daya daga cikin tafiye-tafiye na dogon lokaci ya isa Siam kuma a fili ya ji daɗin ɗan gajeren zamansa a Bangkok har a cikin bazara na 1873, lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 23 kawai, ya nemi masu sauraro tare da Sarkin Danish Kirista IX a Copenhagen. . Ya nema kuma ya sami wasiƙar gabatarwa ga sarkin Siyama Chulalongkorn domin yana son zama a Siam. Kusan nan da nan bayan ya sami wannan wasiƙar, ya tashi zuwa Singapore daga nan zuwa Bangkok. Tare da taimakon Herr Koebke, karamin jakadan Danish a babban birnin kasar Siamese, Andreas du Plessis de Richelieu ta hanyar mu'ujiza, ya gudanar da wani taro na sirri da Sarki Chulalongkorn. Tabbas ya shiga tsakanin wadannan samarin biyu nan da nan domin bayan ’yan makonni an ba shi aiki a matsayin jami’i kuma na biyu a matsayin kwamandan daya daga cikin kananan jiragen yakin Siamese. Kuma nan da nan ya bayyana a fili abin da naman Siamese ke da shi, saboda Andreas ya ki amincewa da tayin kuma ya bukaci umarnin jirgin. Wataƙila caca da gangan, amma ya biya saboda an ba shi umarnin HMSS Regent Sa'an nan a kan tafiya na farko tafiya a yammacin gabar tekun Siyam, ya nufi Phuket.

du Plessis de Richelieu a lokacin yana ɗaya daga cikin kiyasin jami'an sojin ruwa 25 na ƙasar Denmark da ke aiki a cikin jirgin ruwan Siamese. Ko da yake dole ne a yi la'akari da batun jirgin ruwa da ɗanɗano saboda ya ƙunshi, baya ga tsofaffin jiragen ruwan Faransa guda huɗu da jirgin ruwan yaƙi guda ɗaya da Sifaniyawan suka ƙi, na jirgin ruwa mai ɗauke da manyan makamai da ruwa na sarki. Maha Chakri. Ba da daɗewa ba zai hau matsayi, wani ɓangare saboda amincewar da sarki ya yi masa, kuma a ƙarshe ya karɓi jagorancin jirgin ruwa na sarki. Daga ƙarshe, tsakanin Janairu 16, 1900 da Janairu 29, 1901 don zama daidai, Andreas ne kaɗai wanda ba Siamese ba wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Siamese kuma a matsayin Ministan Sojan Ruwa. A cikin godiya ga ayyukansa na musamman, Chulalongkorn ba wai kawai ya daukaka shi zuwa matsayi na Admiral ba har ma ya ba shi lakabi na girmamawa. Phraya Chonlayutthayothin. Bari mu fuskanta: Ba laifi ga jami'in sojan ruwa na kasuwanci wanda bai taba samun lasisin kewayawa na duniya ba. Kuma wannan duk da cewa shi, tare da 'yan uwansa jami'an Danish, sun yi rashin nasara a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 1893 a lokacin abin da ake kira Paknam, lokacin da jiragen ruwa na Faransa suka keta layin tsaro na Siamese a kan Chao Phraya ba tare da wahala ba. bindigoginsu kai tsaye suka kai wa Ubangiji hari suka nufi fadar sarki.

Babban nasarorin da Plessis de Richelieu ya samu, duk da haka, bai ta'allaka cikin shigarsa da jiragen ruwa na Siamese ba, amma yana da komai dangane da hazakarsa ta kasuwanci. An fara shi ne a shekara ta 1884. A wannan shekarar ya ba da babban kudiri na babban shiri na dan kasarsa, dan kasuwa kuma kyaftin din teku Hans Niels Andersen don gina otal mai alfarma na farko a Bangkok. Yana Gabas - cewa har yau, idan Mandarin Oriental yana da kyakkyawan suna a matsayin otal mai taurari biyar - ya buɗe ƙofofinsa a cikin 1887. Du Plessis de Richelieu ya sami kusan rabin hannun jari Kamfanin Andersen & Co, daga baya Kamfanin Gabashin Asiya (EAC). A cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, EAC za ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa a kasuwannin kudu maso gabashin Asiya kuma za su taka muhimmiyar rawa a masana'antar Siam da kuma cinikin teak mai fa'ida sosai. Bugu da ƙari, du Plessis de Richelieu, godiya ga matsayinsa a EAC, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙungiyar. Shagon Bayar da Gabas, wanda ba wai kawai ya mallaki kantin sayar da kayan alatu da aka shigo da shi ba amma cikin sauri ya zama daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin samar da kayayyaki na kasa da kasa ta hanyar wasu kwangiloli masu riba da yawa da sojojin ruwan Siamese.

Du Plessis de Richelieu a cikin tufafin Siamese

Kuma hakan bai tsaya a nan ba saboda sojan ruwan mu na Danish yana da buri marar iyaka kuma, idan ya cancanta, a matsayin ɗan kasuwa mai kaifin basira, ya samar da damammaki don faɗaɗa tattalin arziki da kansa. Ya ba da misali na farko na hakan lokacin da ya gina titin jirgin kasa mai zaman kansa mai tsawon kilomita 21 tsakanin Paknam a lardin Samut Prakan da Bangkok. Na ɗan lokaci ana fuskantar barazanar yin kuskure game da ginin saboda yin la'akari da farashin farko, amma lokacin da sarki Chulalongkorn ya taimaka wa abokinsa ɗan Denmark tare da ƙarin saka hannun jari na 172.000 Baht, babu wani cikas kuma wannan layin dogo. An bude a watan Yuli. 1891 a hukumance bude.

Idon bijimi ne kuma bayan shekaru uku Chulalongkorn ya bude layin tram na farko mallakar Danish a Bangkok, wanda ya tashi daga fadar sarki a Sanam Luang zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa a Klong Toey. Amma kasuwancin da ya fi samun riba babu shakka shine ya kafa a 1898-1899 na Siam Electric Company Limited girma. wanda ya yi nasarar yin shawarwarin kwangilar keɓancewa na tsawon shekaru 50 don wadata babban birnin Siamese da wutar lantarki. Du Plessis de Richelieu ya yi kasuwanci tare da Landmandsbanken ko Boerenbank a Copenhagen amma ya zama kamfani mai riba sosai kuma ƙungiyar masu zuba jari na Belgium sun karɓe shi a cikin 1912. Ba a tava bayyana adadin hannun jari na Plessis de Richelieu ke da shi ba Siam Electric Company Limited girma. mallakarsa, amma kwace tabbas ya sanya shi riba mai yawa... A cikin 1907 wata jaridar Danish ta ba da wannan ga jama'a Siam Electric Company Limited girma. kuma layin tram ya kasance tare, a cikin wannan shekarar kadai, ya sami riba mai yawa na rawanin Danish 1.200.000 - babban arziki a wancan zamanin.

Kuma kamar dai duk abin da bai isa ba, a cikin 1891 Chulalongkorn yana tare da Yarima Damrong, ɗan'uwan sarki mai tasiri sosai a kan balaguron waje zuwa Faransa, Denmark da Rasha, ya nada shi babban mai kula da kwata-kwata na sarauta. Wannan ya sa shi da farko alhakin samar da sojojin Siamese. Daidaitawa ko a'a, amma ba tare da wani lokaci ba ya sake zama Oriental Store Store, wanda ya yi nasarar lashe kwangilolin gwamnati mafi riba ba tare da tsarin bayar da kyauta a hukumance ba.

Amma duk waƙoƙi masu kyau sun ƙare kuma ba da daɗewa ba bayan karni na karni, yawancin hare-haren zazzabin cizon sauro da yawa sun tilasta wa Admiral na Danish ba kawai ya dauki sauƙi ba amma kuma ya nemi wasu wurare. Lokacin da du Plessis de Richelieu ya yi bankwana da Siam a shekara ta 1902 kuma ya koma ƙasarsa ta haihuwa tare da matarsa ​​da danginsa, ya zamana ya sami wadata fiye da manyan ma'aikatan banki guda goma da aka haɗa a Denmark, kuma na ƙarshe ba ƙaramin tsiro ba ne. Ya sayi gidan Kokkedal kuma ya yi ritaya daga rayuwar jama'a. Amma hakan ya kasance kawai riya domin a zahiri ya ci gaba da shiga cikin himma, ko da yake a baya, a cikin duniyar Scandinavian. Haute Finance. Misali, ba wai kawai ya kasance memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na EAC ba kuma shugaban kwamitocin gudanarwa na EAC. B&W Shipyard en DFDS Shipping amma kuma shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na Landmandsbanken. Sai dai wannan kasadar kuɗi ta ƙarshe ta ƙare masa da mugun nufi domin lokacin da wannan banki ya yi fatara a shekara ta 1922, an yanke masa hukunci shekara guda bayan ya yi sakaci kuma Kotun Koli ta Danish ta ci tarar shi 4.000 krone. Wataƙila -watakila- ba shi da alaƙa da shi da rouge, Cardinal Richelieu, amma a cikin shekarunsa na ƙarshe ya kasance kama da babban mashawarcinsa, Uban Capuchin François Leclerc du Tremblay, wanda, saboda siyasarsa na ikon da ba a iya gani ga wanda ba a san shi ba, sau da yawa ana ganinsa kamar yadda yake. rashin jin dadi an bayyana…

Wannan abin mamaki Farang ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Maris, 1932 a cikin babban gininsa kuma an binne shi a wani kabari a Holmens Kirke a Copenhagen.