Mataurirwo echiThai

Vapepeti: chinyorwa chakatumirwa nezvemutauro weThai naFrans de Beer. 

Frans muverengi akavimbika weThailand blog, akadzidza Thai uye anotaura nemukadzi wake nemwanasikana. Kuti audze vanhu zvakawanda nezvemutauro weThai, akanyora zvinyorwa zviviri, chikamu 1 chazvino. 

Kuratidza

Hapana mutauro unotaurwa umwechete, panogara paine musiyano weinzwi kana matauriro. Mitauro umo izwi rinoreva zvinoenderana nenzwi rinodaidzwa kuti tonal language. Isu tinoziva kunyoresa tonal mitauro uye contour tonal mitauro. Register toni mitauro ine akati wandei ma toni akapfava, ayo akasiyana nenzwi. Mumitauro yecontour tonal, chimiro chega chega chine toni yaro (kudonha, kufuratira, kusimuka, kudonha nekusimuka zvakare, nezvimwewo), asi misiyano yepitch inogoneka zvakare mukati meiyo contour imwechete.

Thai, pamwe nemamwe marudzi emitauro yekumabvazuva, ndeye contour tonal mitauro. MuThai, iyo furati contour ine mapako matatu. Mutauro weThai une toni shanu: yakaderera, yepakati, yakakwirira, inokwira uye inodonha. Iyo yakakwirira, yepakati uye yakaderera yakawanda kana kushoma yakati sandara. MuchiThai, syllable imwe neimwe ine imwe yematoni mashanu. Izwi rine zviumbwa zvakawanda saka rine nhamba yakafanana yematoni, izvo zvisingafanire kuenzana. Mukumiririra kwedu kwefonetiki yeThai, tinoshandisa hyphens pamberi pesyllable kuratidza toni.

toon	sign	muenzaniso	Thai
pakati	-	-aa	อา
laag	_	_aa	อ่า
achidzika		aa	อ้า
high	¯	¯aa	อ๊า
achisimuka	/	/aa	อ๋า

Kurongeka kuri patafura iyi hakuna kusarudzwa zvisina tsarukano, asi ndiko kurongeka kurimo zvakare Tairendi inoshandiswa pakuronga toni. Iyo Thai script yakanyatsogadzirirwa kushandiswa kwematoni. Mazwi anongosiyana nenzwi achiri kupereterwa zvakasiyana.

Makonzonendi panotangira izwi

Makonzonendi ari nyore

MuchiThai, makonzonendi ekutanga anotevera anoitika

k k-ruzha ng ng-ruzha (semuna mambo)

p unaspirated pl

t unaspirated t r short r ruzha

d s

b h

kh aspirated kw bilabial w

p j

th aspirated tj as de tj in tjalk or dj in rag

m ch as ch mukuchinja

n ? mavambo kana magumo evhawero pakarepo

Konsonanti inoshuviwa kana mhepo ichitevera ruzha. Muchimiririro chefonetiki tinoratidza izvi nah mushure mekonzonendi. Aya ndiwo makonzonendi k, p uye t; aspirated so kh, ph uye th. ChiDutch chinowanzova nezvinonzwika k, p uye t zvisingaite, asi mafomu ekushuvira anoitika mumitauro iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweNetherlands. Mutauro weChirungu unoshuvira kakawanda (tii, kusunda, nezvimwewo)

Thai ane anoshuvira uye asingafungidzirwe makonzonendi padivi peumwe neumwe. Musiyano uyu wakakosha sekusiyana kwakaita 'd' na 't' mumutauro wedu. Kwatiri, izwi rokuti denga rinotora chirevo chakasiyana zvachose kana tikaritaura ne 't' pachinzvimbo che'd' (so bazi). Sezvineiwo, Thai anozivawo mutsauko pakati pe'd' na't'. Iwe unozonzwisiswa muchiRungu kana ukashandisa mashoma uspirated p's pano nepapo paanofanira kunge achishuvira. MuThai, kusanzwisisana kwakawanda kana ukabata chokwadi ichi zvisina hanya.

Iyo 'ch' inogona kutariswa muchiThai seyakashuvira vhezheni ye'tj'. Hatizivi 'ng' pakutanga kwezwi mumutauro wedu. Nekumwe kuita, ruzha rwekutanga urwu runogona kudzidzwa. Vatauri veThai vanowanzodaidza iyo 'r' se'l'. Kana iri r ruzha zvachose, ipfupi roll yemuromo werurimi.

Makonzonendi maviri

ChiThai chinongova nenhamba shoma yemakonzonendi (mapoka emakonzonendi anodudzwa rimwe pashure perimwe pasina kupindira kwevhawero). Aya mapoka anogara ari pakutanga kwesyllable, kwete kumagumo. Tsamba yekutanga inogara iri k, p kana t, apo k uye p zvinogonawo kushuviwa. Vara rechipiri ndin r, l kana w. Haasi ese masanganiswa anoitika, sezvakaratidzwa mune inotevera tafura.

kr unaspirated k ane short r pl unaspirated p with l

kl isina kukurudzirwa k ine l pr isina kukurudzirwa p ine pfupi r

kw unaspirated k with w pl aspirated p with l

khr aspirated k ane short r phr aspirated p ane pfupi r

khl aspirated k ane l tr unaspirated t ane short r

khw aspirated k pamwe w

Ongorora: Vatauri veThai vakarembera nekutaura masumbu, dzimwe nguva vara rechipiri rinonyangarika kana rechipiri r rinodaidzwa kuti l.

Kugumisa makonzonendi

Pakupera kwezwi kana syllable tine zvinotevera zvingangoitika:

1. Clinker
2. Chivharo chinongoerekana chaputsika (vhawero rine glottal stop))
3. semi-consonant; j kana w
4. M, n, ng (nasal kana nasal)
5. K,p kana t (pop ruzha)

Panyaya yezwi repolysyllabic, iyo glottal inomira mukati mezwi inonyangarika mukutaura kwakajairwa. Case 2 saka inongoshanda kumagumo emazwi.

Mataurirwo anoita k, p kana t panoperera izwi muchiThai anosiyana chaizvo nemataurirwo echiDutch. Iwo k, p kana t ndiwo anonzi occlusives. Iwo anoumbwa nekuvhara kwenguva pfupi kubuda kwemhepo. Nzira yekuvhara inotarisa inzwi. Semuenzaniso, p inoumbwa nekuvhara miromo, pa t mhepo inoputika yakavharwa nemuromo werurimi nemazino, k inoumbwa nekutsikirira chikamu chepakati cherurimi pamuromo.

Kuti tizive mutauro weThai, tinoshandisa izwi rekuti hopman. Mataurirwo eiyo 'p' muHopman anogona kuitwa nenzira mbiri, dzinoti:

1. Izwi rokuti hop rinoteverwa nezwi rokuti munhu. Pano, mushure mekududzwa kwe 'p', miromo inotora chikamu uye yobva yavhara zvakare kana 'm' yaumbwa.
2. Nechirevo chechipiri, miromo inoramba yakavharwa pakati pe'p' na'm'. Kana izwi rekuti 'p' , miromo inovharika, isavhurika zvakare, 'm' inoumbwa uye chete ne'a' ndipo panoita miromo zvakare.

Iyi nzira yekupedzisira inoshandiswa muThailand kune yekupedzisira konsonanti 'k', 'p' uye 't'. Izvi zvinosiyana zvakanyanya nemataurirwo edu zvekuti nzeve yechiDutch dzimwe nguva hainzwe iri konzonendi yekupedzisira zvachose. Kwatiri zvinoita sekunge konsonanti ichangopera hafu, kuyerera kwemhepo kunosunungura kumagumo kunoshaikwa.

Mufonetiki, munhu anosiyanisa nzira mbiri idzi dzemataurirwo. Kune Dutch, occlusives inosunungurwa pamagumo ezwi. Kududzirwa kwefonetiki yezwi rokuti katsi ndiko kath. Iyo 'h' kumagumo inoratidza kuburitswa kwemhepo. Thai haina kuburitswa kwekupedzisira occlusives. Mataurirwo ezwi rekuti katsi muThai ndeefoniti katsi.

Mavhawero

Thai ine vhezheni refu uye pfupi yemavhawero mazhinji akachena. Iyo yakareba shanduro inotora kaviri kureba kupfuura iyo pfupi. Mhedziso yeakareba uye mapfupi mavhawero:

o pfupi o ruzha

oo refu o kurira sekunge uri murukwa

oh ipfupi oh inonzwika kunge mangwanani, asi zvishoma

Oh? Kureba o, asi kupfupika kamwe kamwe

ndinopfupisa kureva kuti kurira semuPiet, asi kupfupika

kureva kureba, kureva inzwi sezvauri kuona

oe pfupi oe inonzwika semucheka

oe: kureba oe kurira sekunge kuri kubhowa

u short u sound; a iwe ane muromo wakashama

uu long u sound; a uu ane muromo wakashama

e short ee inzwi

ee refu ee kurira kunge mubhonzo

ae long ae inonzwika sepanhamo

eu yakareba eu inonzwika se in de, asi yakareba

Kumavhawero akachena mapolyphthong; mazwi evhawero anoyerera zvakanaka achienda kune mumwe nemumwe.

kuzivikanwa kweshoko

Kuzivikanwa kwezwi muThai kunovimba zvakanyanya nevhawero uye inzwi. Nzira yeThai yekuzivikanwa kwezwi saka inoshanda zvakasiyana nenzira yedu. Kwatiri, masumbu emakonzonendi pakutanga nepanoperera syllable ndiwo maitiro akakosha. MuThai vanhu vanoteerera zvakanyanya kune vowel uye toni. Izvi zvinogona kutonzwika kana iwe uchinzwa mumwe Thai achitaura Chirungu. Kazhinji magumo emazwi akaomarara kana masumbu emakonzonendi anoshanduka kuita konzonendi imwe (inopikisa inodzokororwa kana zvakare). Zita rangu French rinodudzwa kuti Fan muchiThai.

MuchiThai, kuregeredza masumbu emakonzonendi kunokonzeresa kushomeka kwevatauri veThai pane kana izvi zvakaitwa muchiDutch, semuenzaniso.

(kunobva LJM van Moergestel)