Kutsakatika kwechiThai Noi script
Mune imwe yezvandakamboita kune iyi blog ndakafunga muchidimbu kwakabva mutauro wakanyorwa weThai. Semunhu anofarira zvikuru kusiyana kwetsika, ndinoda mitauro midiki iri mungozi yekutsakatika. Ivo inhaka mhenyu uye naizvozvo inokosha. Ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei ndakatora imwe Basque, Breton, Irish uye Occitan munguva yakapfuura.
Nekudaro, ndeye - zvinosuruvarisa - imwe yemitemo yemitauro iyo, nekuda kwemarudzi ese ezvikonzero, ivo vanotyisidzirwa zvachose uye vanonyangarika. Nyanzvi dzePhilologist dzakaverenga kuti pamitauro inofungidzirwa inosvika zviuru zvinomwe inotaurwa munyika nhasi, zviuru zvitanhatu zvichange zvaenda nezana ramakore rinotevera… Chokwadi, kutsakatika kwemitauro hachisi chinhu chitsva. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzemitauro dzinotozviona semaitirwo emusikirwo. Mushure mezvose, mitauro inogona kuchinja uye vatauri vanochinja kushandisa mumwe mutauro mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Asi kazhinji, mitauro inonyangarika zvakare nekuda kwekunetsana kwetsika, kusaenzana kwesimba rehukama kana kungoti zvipingaidzo zvemutauro, apo dambudziko rinowanzo kudzika zvakanyanya kupfuura mitauro chete asi ine zvese zvine chekuita nekutyisidzira kuzviremekedza uye kuzivikanwa, kuramba kuzvitonga uye rusununguko rwekutaura tsika dzinochengetedza tsika.
Muenzaniso wakanaka wekupedzisira unogona kuwanikwa muThailand, kunyanya muIsaan, uko Thai Noi yaifanira kunyangarika kune yakawanda yakanyorwa mutauro. Sechivanhu, mitauro yakawanda yaitaurwa muIsaan, yakadai seSurin-Khmer, Laotian, Vietnamese uye Phu Thai, kuwedzera kuThai. Pakutanga pakanga paine mitauro isingasviki mitatu yakanyorwa yaishandiswa muIsa. Semuenzaniso, pakanga paine Khmer iyo yakaita chiratidzo kubva kuAngkor kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwezvino yava Thailand uye iyo yakashandiswa kusvika muzana ramakore regumi nemana renguva yedu. Yakatsiviwa semutauro wakanyorwa naTham, iyo yakabva kune yekare mon script, iyo yakave yakapararira nekuda kwekuwedzera kweumambo hweLaotian weLan Xang, uye yainyanya kushandiswa pamagwaro echitendero uye efilosofi. Mutauro wehurumende, wepamutemo wakanyorwa waiva Thai Noi, uyo wakagadzirwa panguva imwe chete naTham. Thai Noi yakava script inonyanya kushandiswa muIsaan kubva muzana ramakore rechigumi nematanhatu-negumi nenomwe. Musiyano mukuru neThai semutauro wakanyorwa waive wekuti Thai Noi haina mabhii etoni anoratidza matauriro chaiwo panofanira kutaurwa izwi. Vaverengi munaIsaan vainzi vakachenjera zvakakwana kuti vaone zvinoreva izwi rechirevo cheshoko.
Chimwe chezvinangwa zvekutanga zvemutemo waMambo Chulalongkorn, uyo akatonga Siam kubva 1868 kusvika 1910, yaive yekumisikidza chirongwa chekubatana chezvematongerwo enyika netsika chandaizotsanangura sehutongi hwemukati hweSiam. Neizvi ndinoreva kuti chiremera chepakati muBangkok nhanho nhanho maguta ekare uye matunhu anozvitonga pasi pechitendero: 'Rudzi rumwe, vanhu vamwe, mambo mumwe ' zvinoenderana nedzinza reChakri kuitira kusimbisa masimba ehurumende uye kugadzira pfungwa yerudzi. Imwe yenzira dzakashandiswa yaivekumanikidza nyoro' kushandisa mutauro wakawanda chete mune ramangwana. Kubva muna 1874, hurumende yeSiamese yakaedza kunyengerera chikamu chevanhu vakanyora nekunyora cheIsan kuti kushandisa chiThai semutauro wakanyorwa kwaive nyore uye nekudaro kwaigamuchirwa kutaurirana nehurumende.
VaIsaan vaifanira kuziva nekuchimbidza kuti vaive vechiThai… Apo mushandirapamwe uyu usina kuitika pakarepo, matanho ekumanikidza akatorwa uye chiThai chakatangwa semutauro unonyorwa mudzidzo. Nekuunza shanduko iyi yedzidzo inosvika kure, vanhu vari mukona ino yenyika vaigona kudzidziswa kubva vachiri vadiki pakuziva kuti mutauro weThai netsika nemagariro zvaive nani pane zveIsaan… Kuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwedzidzo uku kwakafemerwa ne kunetseka nezve kuitwa kweBangkok's centralist simba zvematongerwo enyika. Mushure mezvose, vanhu muguta guru vakakurumidza kusvika pamhedziso yekuti vazhinji, asi vakuru vazhinji vatsva vaizodiwa kuti vashandise avo vese vachangotangwa, masangano ehurumende epakati. Uye vashandi vehurumende avo, kunyanya vaipinzwa munharaunda, chokwadi vaifanira kunge vaine hunyanzvi muchiThai chakanyorwa… Chidzidzo chekutanga cheThai chakazara muIsaan chaive Chikoro cheUbon Wasikasathan muUbon Ratchathani, chakavambwa muna 1891 uye chakatsigirwa zvizere neBangkok.
Sopha Ponthri nevamwe vatungamiri vaviri
Kuti utungamirire kudzidziswa kwemutauro uyu muzvikoro zvakavanzwa sedzidzo munzira kwayo, mabhuku matanhatu akatsikiswa akateedzana nekukurumidza, akanyorwa naPhraya Sri Suthorn Wohan (Noi Ajaari Yangkul) kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva: Munbotbanphakit., Wanitnikon, Aksonprayok, Sangyokphitan, Waiphotchanaphijan en Phisankaran. Vasingagutsikani chaizvoizvo nemiuyo yokumanikidzirwa kwomutauro, vatarisiri vakatumirwa kuIsaan neBangkok kubva muna 1910 kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti vana vakawana nokutevera dzidzo muchiThai. Chiito chakavaawardednekusuma kwe Inomanikidzwa Elementary Education Act.
Kwechinguva pakanga pane kushorwa. Mukupera kwemaXNUMX, vabereki vakati wandei muBan Sawathi mudunhu reKhon Kaen, vachitungamirwa nemuimbi ane mukurumbira weMolam Sopha Ponthri, vakaramba kuendesa vana vavo kuchikoro. Vaitya zvakakodzera kuti vaizorasikirwa neLaotian yavo midzi uye dzinza uye raizove Thai… kumukira uku, uko kwakafemerwa nemitero mitsva, yakakwira yemuno, yakakurumidza kupararira kumisha iri munzvimbo yakakura. Musi wa16 December 1940, mapurisa akaparadza musangano wakapindwa nevanhu vanopfuura 500 uye akasunga vanhu 116. Sopha Ponthri nevatungamiriri vatatu vevapanduki vakatongerwa makore gumi nematanhatu mutirongo mwedzi miviri gare gare muKhon Kaen nekuda kwe '.kabotphai nai ratchaanachak' (kupandukira umambo). Vamwe vose vakasungwa vakasunungurwa, asi vanopfuura makumi matatu vavo vakanga vafira muusungwa… Khui Daengnoi, mumwe wevasungwa vatatu, akafa zvisinganzwisisike mushure memwedzi mishomanana nekunyura mujeri. Sopha Ponthri aizofawo makore asingasviki maviri mushure mekubatwa nemhosva mushure mekunge abaiwa jekiseni nemushonga waakazoratidza kuti airwara ...
Nevashoma vashoma, vaIsaaner vepakati havachayeuki kuti vaive nemutauro wavo wekunyora zvizvarwa zviviri zvapfuura… Tinowanzo kanganwa kuti mutauro unopfuura kubatanidza manzwi nemazwi pamwechete. Mutauro idura retsika, nhoroondo, ndangariro dzetsika uye ruzivo uye zvinonzwisa tsitsi kuti zvinhu zvakadaro zvinonyangarika…
Ndavhiringika.
Ndaifunga kuti Thai Noi nderimwe zita revaThais, kunyanya mukupesana neThai Yai kana Shans. Vanogara pakati peThailand. Iwe haungadarowo here kudaidza mutauro weThai uye iyo yepamutemo script Thai Noi?
VaShan vanonziwo Tai Yai (kwete Thai Yai) uye vanonyanya kugara muBurma/Myanmar.
Chokutanga pane zvose, ruremekedzo rwangu kune ruzivo rwako uye maonero pamusoro pemarudzi emitauro ari mungozi ... Nyaya yako yakanyatsorongeka uye inoratidzwa neruzivo. Kunze kweizvi, zvakadaro, ndinofunga kuti chinhu chakanaka kuti pane kufanana kwakawanda. Mapoka anoshaya anozobuda mukukanganwa, semunaIsaan. Muchokwadi, uye ndapota ndiregerereiwo, zvingave zvinodiwa (asi hazvigoneke kufambidzana) kuti "Thai" ne "hieroglyph-like kunyora" yavo isingashandiswe chero kupi zvako pasi rose inogona kudzima kumashure nekufamba kwenguva. … haite bhizinesi kana kuvaka ramangwana nengano. Hunyanzvi hwemutauro weThai hwakashata zvakanyanya kana zvasvika kuChirungu, semuenzaniso. Hapana kana mumwe wevatungamiri vavo muhurumende iripo anogona kuzvitaura nemumwe mutauro...Zvinosuruvarisa...Nezvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana, kushanya kuri kuderera zvino...ini handisi kuzotaura nezvezvikonzero zveupfumi, asi kana Thais anodawo kudzidza Chirungu kutaura ... sezvakaita munyika dzakavapoteredza, ivo vaizobatsirwa ... Zvakawanda kupfuura ikozvino ...
Lung Jan, ndinokutendai nenyaya yenyu yakanaka kwazvo pamusoro pemitauro iri kunyangarika. Iwe une ruzivo runoshamisa rwenhoroondo, ndinoda kuona maitiro eIsan Thai kana akaona iyi nyaya?
Ini dzimwe nguva ndinoseka neThai nezve maJapan muHondo Yenyika yechipiri, mhinduro ndeyekuti: Ini handina kuzvarwa, handina basa nazvo! 🙂 Izvi ndezvechokwadi chikamu nekuti hapana chinodzidziswa nezve izvi muzvikoro, asi ini zvakare handione kushingairira kwakanyanya pakati peavhareji Thai kutaura nezve nhoroondo yekuziva.
Izvo zvakare hazvina kukuvadza zvachose muThailand kukurukura nhoroondo, ndinorangarira purofesa weThai (kana munyori) akange anyora thesis pamusoro pamambo kubva mazana emakore apfuura, asi akasungwa! Saka kutaura pamusoro pekare zvakare kunorambidzwa. uyezve nevaya vekuAustralia vaive vagadzira kabhuku nezveMhuri yehumambo, yaive flop nekuti ndinotenda mabhukwana matatu chete akatengeswa, asi paakaenda kuzororo kuThailand makore akazotevera akasungwawo asvika.
Zvakaitwa nemapurisa zvehutsinye musi wa16 Zvita. Muchiitiko ichi, 1940 inogona kuwedzerwa zvakanaka kune iyo rondedzero yakabudiswa naRob V.
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Anodiwa Lung Jan,
Yakanaka kwazvo uye inodzidzisa chidimbu.
Mudzimai wangu akabva aziva mutauro uyu.
Asi iwe uchashamisika kuti mingani mitauro (kana madimikira) iyo Thai inogona kutaura.
Ndinofunga izvi zvakanaka kana zvichienzaniswa nekurerwa kwedu kuMadokero.
Saka mudzimai wangu anogona kutaura Thai, Laotian(musanganiswa wechiLao), Lao(ndizvo zvinoratidzwa pamusoro pekunyora), Chirungu, Dutch.
Ndaizotanga kufunga zvishoma izvo isu pachedu tinofanira kana kuda kudzidza muThailand, chimwe chinhu kwatiri
inopawo rukudzo kuvanhu nekutaurirana.
Pachokwadi,
Erwin
Yawi inogona zvakare kutaurwa semutauro weMalay maMuslim eDeep South, Pattani, Narathiwat, Yala uye mana ekumabvazuva matunhu eSongkhla. Hurumende yeThai yaizova nehungwaru kusadzvanya mutauro uyu, uyo wakanyorwa nemavara echiArab, asiwo tsika dzeko.
'Basque, Breton, Irish uye Occitan'
Wadii kugara padyo nepamba uye udzidze mamwe maFrisian uye Stellingwerfs?
Mutauro unonyorwa ungave wakapotsa watsakatika, asi mutauro unotaurwa uchiri kushandiswa.
Ndakaona kuti Isan zvakare inotaurwa zvakanyanya paTV, ine zvinyorwa zveThai.
Ini nguva pfupi yadarika ndakanzwa kuti Isan inotaurwa zvakanyanya uye inorapwa kuKhon Kaen University, kusanganisira iyo Thai Noi script.
Pamwe chete semutauro unozivikanwa wedunhu asi usina kodzero.
Ndofunga.
Quote:
"Vaverengi munaIsaan vaionekwa sevakangwara zvakakwana kuti vanzwisise zvinoreva izwi remukati." (kushaikwa kwemavara ezwi)
Ndizvo chaizvo! Imwe dzidziso inoti imhaka yekuti mutauro wakanyorwa uyu wakabva kuMon มอญ usiri mutauro wemanzwi.
Zvechokwadi tinofanira kuchengeta mutauro nekunyora zvakati siyanei.
Ndakaita fungidziro yekuti Thai Noi iri kudzidziswa zvakare muIsaan. Ndakaona zviratidzo mune iyo script mumayunivhesiti nematemberi.
Dzimwe nguva ndinovhiringika. Iyo Thai Noi, Lanna uye Tham script. Anosiyana sei?
Munhu wose anoziva bhuku rinonzi The Little Prince. Ini ndinoshandisa dudziro yeThai pazvidzidzo zvangu uye ikozvino ndinoona kuti yakatsikiswa zvakare muKham Meuang (Northern Thai) ine Lanna alphabet. Saka zvakawanda zviri kuitwa kuchengetedza mitauro iyoyo uye zvinyorwa. Happy.
Ndanga ndichinetseka kwechinguva, nyika payaive ichiri kunzi Siam, raive zita remutauro weSiamese kana Thai?
Musikana wangu anobva kuUD anongoerekana adaidza iyi alphabet yeLaotian.