Kutemwa kwemasango, klongs, madhamu nemafashamo e2011
'Muzinda weBangkok uchafashama, izvo hazvidzivisike. Muvhiki imwe mvura inonamira pamusoro pemadziro makuru ebhegi yoisa pakati pasi pemamita 1 kusvika ku2 emvura.'
Graham Catterwell muNyika, Mbudzi 9, 2011.
Nguva pfupi
- Mafashamo ekutanga pakutanga kwaNyamavhuvhu, kunyanya kuchamhembe, Isan uye kuchamhembe kwebani repakati. Vanhu gumi nevatatu vakafa kare.
- Mukutanga/pakati paSeptember, anenge mapurovhinzi ose mubani repakati akafukidzwa nemvura.
- Pakupera kwaGunyana / kutanga kwaGumiguru, madhamu anomanikidzwa kuburitsa mvura yakawanda uye yakawanda, Ayuttaya uye nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri ikoko dzakazara. Iyo graphic inoratidza mamiriro acho muna Gumiguru 1.
- Pakati paOctober, Bangkok iri kutyisidzirwa kekutanga. Nguva dzemhirizhonga dziri kuuya. Vagari vanokwanisa kutiza vanotiza.
- Hondo yekuchengetedza inokwana dunhu rebhizinesi reBangkok mafashama-isina ichatanga pakati / mukupera kwaGumiguru. Nyanzvi nevezvematongerwo enyika vari pahuro kune mumwe nemumwe nekufembera kunopokana nemazano. Zvinosarudzwa kuti kuedza kuchaitwa kuchengetedza pakati peBangkok kubva mumvura.
- Musi wa5 Mbudzi, iyo 6 km refu yejecha dike (hombe bag wall) kuchengetedza nzvimbo yebhizinesi yeBangkok yakagadzirira. Kurwa kunomuka nevagari vemusabhabhu avo zvino vanofanirwa kubata nemvura yakawanda kwenguva yakareba.
- Pakupera kwaMbudzi, pakati peguta reBangkok pakaponeswa, asi mhirizhonga yakatenderedza dike ichiripo.
- Pakupera kwaZvita/kutanga kwaNdira chete mvura yakakwira yakanyangarika kwese kwese.
Mafashamo a2011 aive akaipisisa mundangariro dzinorarama
Mafashamo eThailand muna 2011 ndiwo akanyanya kuipa mundangariro, akauraya vanhu vangangosvika mazana mapfumbamwe, achikonzera kukanganisa kwemadhora mabhiriyoni makumi mana nematanhatu uye kukanganisa hupenyu hwemamiriyoni. Hakushamisi kuti ngwariro yakawanda yakabhadharwa kuchisakiso cheiyi ngwavaira uye nzira dzokudzivisa nadzo chinhu chakadaro munguva yemberi.
Kwaiwanzotaurwa kuti uyu njodzi yakaitwa nevanhu yainyanya kutaura nezvekutemwa kwemasango, mutemo une chekuita nemadhamu uye kusagadziriswa kwemigero, kunyanya kutenderera Bangkok. Ini ndinopokana nemaonero iwayo uye ndinoona kunaya kwakasiyana-siyana muna 2011 semukonzeri mukuru.
Nyaya yangu iri pamusoro pezvinokonzeresa zvakataurwa pamusoro uye ini ndinotarisisa Bangkok nenzvimbo yakatenderedza, inova moyo weThailand, asi ngatirege kukanganwa kuti kwaivewo nemafashama kuNorth, Northeast neSouth, kunyangwe zvishoma.
Kunaya kwemvura
Hapana kupokana kuti kunaya kwemvura muna 2011 kwakakwira zvakanyanya. KNMI yakaverenga kuti kunaya kwemvura kuChamhembe kwaive ne60 muzana kupfuura avhareji uye yakanyanya kubva 1901. Munyika yese yaive yakapoteredza 50 muzana. Muna Kurume 2011, mvura yakanga yatove nezvikamu mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu kubva muzana kupfuura nguva dzose.
Musi waChikunguru 31, zvakasara zvekuora mwoyo kunopisa, Nockten, Tairendi. Yakatokonzera mafashamo asiri ekutyisidzira mubani repakati muna Nyamavhuvhu. Kubva pakupera kwaGunyana kusvika pakupera kwaGumiguru, mamwe matatu etropical depressions (Haitang, Nesat, Nalgae) mvura pamusoro kunyanya Kumaodzanyemba. (Mumwedzi waChikunguru, Nyamavhuvhu naGunyana, Thailand inogamuchira avhareji yemvura yakawanda nekashanu kupfuura muNetherlands munguva imwe cheteyo.)
Muna Gumiguru, mvura yakadururirwa muBangkok pamusoro penzvimbo yakafara yakapetwa ka40 kupfuura iyo Chao Phraya inogona kudonha muzuva rimwe.
Kutemwa kwemasango
Ndiri mufambi mukuru mudondo uye ndinodemba zvikuru kutemwa kwemasango. Asi ndicho chikonzero chenjodzi ya2011 here? Kutemwa kwemasango zvechokwadi kunokonzeresa kwenzvimbo, kwechinguvana mafashamo anotsvaga asi zvinenge zvisati zvamboitika njodzi iyi isati yasvika. Kutanga, kwete nokuti makore 100 apfuura, apo Thailand yakanga ichakafukidzwa ne80 muzana yesango, pakanga patova nemafashamo akaipisisa. Chechipiri, nekuti muna Nyamavhuvhu pasi resango rakatozadzwa nemvura uye kunaya kunongoyerera kubva ipapo, miti kana kwete.
Reservoirs
Nzizi shanu dzinoyerera kumaodzanyemba kuita Chao Phraya kune imwe nzvimbo pedyo neNakhorn Sawan. Iwo ndiwo Wang, Ping, Yom, Nan uye Pasak. MuPing mune Bhumiphon Dam (Trat) uye muNan iyo Sirikit Dam (Uttaradit). Kune mamwe madhamu madiki, asi haasi chinhu kana tichienzanisa nemadhamu makuru maviri maererano nekukwanisa kuchengetedza mvura.
Kudiridza nekugadzira magetsi
Basa guru remadhamu makuru maviri ragara riri kudiridza nekugadzira magetsi. Kudzivirira mafashamo kwakauya pechipiri, kana zvakadaro. Zvakakosha kusimbisa izvi nokuti mabasa maviri aya (1 kudiridza uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi uye 2 kuunganidza mvura kudzivirira mafashamo) kupesana kune mumwe nemumwe.
Pakudiridza nekugadzira magetsi, madhamu anofanira kunge akazara sezvinobvira pakupera kwemwaka wekunaya kwemvura, uye zvakazosiyana ndezvechokwadi kudzivirira mafashamo. Ese maprotocol (kusvika panguva iyoyo) akanangana neaimbova, anozadza matangi pakupera kwaGunyana kuti ave nechokwadi chemvura yakakwana mumwaka unotonhorera uye wakaoma. Pamusoro pezvo, muna 2010, gore rakaoma, pakanga pasina mvura yakakwana kuseri kwemadhamu uye izvo zvakashorwa zvakare. Dambudziko radhiabhori.
Mhedzisiro yemadhamu pakudzivirira mafashama inoodza moyo
Zvadaro imwe pfungwa inokosha. Iwo madhamu makuru maviri, Bhumiphon neSirikit, anongotora makumi maviri neshanu muzana chete emvura yese inobva kuchamhembe, imwe yese inoyerera kunze kwemadhamu aya kuMaodzanyemba, mubani repakati. Kunyangwe nemutemo wakakwana wekudzivirira mafashama akatenderedza madhamu, unongodzikisa huwandu hwemvura kumaodzanyemba ne25 muzana.
Sei mvura yakawanda yakabudiswa mumadhamu munaSeptember/October chete?
Mvura yakawanda yaifanira kubudiswa mumadhamu munaSeptember naOctober kudzivirira kuparara kwedhamu zvechokwadi yakakonzera kuoma uye nguva yemafashamo. Izvozvo zvingave zvakadziviswa here? Mafungiro akapatsanurwa pane izvozvo.
Kune avo vanoti mvura yaifanira kunge yakayerera muna Chikumi/Chikunguru (izvo zvakaitika, asi zvishoma), asi mumwedzi iyoyo mvura iri mumadhamu yakanga yakanyatsoenderana nehurongwa, pakati pe50 ne60 muzana yakazadzwa, saka. hapana chikonzero zvachose chekutarisira. MunaAugust, chiyero chemvura chakawedzera nekukurumidza, asi zvirokwazvo kwete zvakanyanya. Uyezve, pakanga patove nemafashamo mubani repakati panguva iyoyo uye vanhu vakanga vachizeza kuwedzera.
Kwakanga kuri bedzi pashure pokunaya kwemvura zhinji muna September/October apo mwero wemvura wakava wakakomba uye mabudiro aifanira kuitwa. Izvo, ndinofunga, hazvina musoro kufunga kuti munaJune / July zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kunenge kuchine mvura yakawanda munaSeptember / October, sezvo nguva yakareba yekufanotaura kwemamiriro okunze haisi yakanaka.
The klongs
Mamiriro asina kunaka ekugadzirisa maklongs, hurongwa hwemigero mukati nekutenderedza Bangkok, inowanzotaurwawo sechinhu chinokonzera kuoma kwemafashamo. Izvi hazvina kukwana zvachose nekuda kwechikonzero chinotevera.
Iyo canal system yakagadzirwa zvakanyanya nemuDutchman, Homan van der Heide, pakutanga kwezana ramakore rapfuura, uye yaive uye inongoitirwa kudiridza. Izvo hazvina kugadzirwa uye hazvina kukodzera kudhiza mvura yakawandisa kubva pakati pebani rakatenderedza Bangkok kuenda kugungwa, zvirinani kwete muhuwandu hwakakwana (iri kushandirwa izvozvi).
Mhedziso
Ndinotenda kuti chakanyanya kukonzeresa mafashamu muna 2011 kwaive kunaya kwemvura kwakasiyana gore iroro, pamwe nezvimwe zvikonzero zvichida zvakakonzera zvishoma. Yakanga iri yechikamu chidiki chete yakagadzirwa nevanhu. Ndinodawo kuziva kuti munyika dzose dzemonsoon, kubva kuPakistan kusvika kuPhilippine, rudzi urwu rwemafashamo runoitika nguva dzose, pasina munhu anonongedza kune chimwe chinhu kunze kwekunaya kwemvura yakawanda semhosva.
Ini handina kupinda, uye handidi kupinda, mutemo kana mafashama ari chokwadi, icho chidzidzo pachacho.
Unofanira kuyera zvishuwo zvakawanda
Nezvekudzivirira njodzi dzemafashamu mune ramangwana, ndinongotaura kuti ibasa rakaoma zvikuru; kunyanya sezvo uchifanirwa kuenzanisa zvido zvakawanda (varimi-vamwe vagari; Bangkok-nyika; kusimudzira hupfumi hwemamiriro ekunze; nezvimwewo). Zvinotora nguva. Hapana chinhu chakadai semhinduro yakakwana, inenge nguva dzose sarudzo pakati pezvakaipa zviviri, nezvose zvinosanganisira kubvunzana, kupopotedzana, kupopotedzana uye kumukirana.
Kunzwa kwakawanda kwakatoitwa pakuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera mvura yakawandisa (yekukurumidza, yakachipa asi ine chikamu mhinduro), iyo inonzi. tsoko matama, kuchamhembe kwebani repakati. Izvo hazvinyanyi kubatsira nekuti vagari havasi kunyatsofarira nezvepfungwa yekuti vanofanirwa kumira mumamita 1 kusvika ku2 emvura kwemwedzi kuti maBangkokian arambe akaoma.
Ini ndinofungidzira kuti ichagara iri mhinduro yakasarudzika nekumwe kudiki kana kukuru kuvandudzwa pano nepapo. Kugadzirira zvakanaka mafashamo anotevera naizvozvo kwakakosha zvakafanana.
Positive uye inyaya inoita kuti ijeke kupfuura mhere-mhere nekuridza mhere kweNYANZVI. Ndatenda neruzivo Tino.
Nyaya yakanaka chokwadi handizivi kana iri positive, Tino anoziva zvakawanda nezvayo, asi ava shasha here?, zvinorwadza kuti kana munhu akapa mhinduro panyaya yakadai, akapiwa zvachose uye zvichibva pane zvake. chiitiko chake, ichi chaanonzwa nekuona, chinobva charatidzwa sekuchema kweAnoziva.
Uye nei zvese zvichifashama zvakare mumakore akajairika mushure megore ra2011? Senge, semuenzaniso, Ayuttaya iri kufashama zvakare? Nepo rusvingo rwekongiri rwakanga rwuchiri kuiswa pane dike panzvimbo isina simba yakaonekwa muna 2011? Vanhu vakanga vakanganwa kutarisa mamiriro edhiki, zvokuti muna 2012 mvura yakayerera pasi (!) Mudhuri wekongiri ...
Kubva ku - analytical - yakajeka nyaya yaTino iwe unoravira mhedziso yekupedzisira "hapana chinogona kuitwa nezvazvo" uye saka zvakare "usaite chinhu nezvazvo".
Uye iyo inoratidzika kwandiri seimwe nzira yakanyanyisa fatalistic. Asi izvo zvichatongwa naGerrie se "kuridza mhere kweNYANZVI".
Zvakanyorwa zvakanaka, asi ini ndakanga ndiri muRangsit nguva pfupi mafashamo asati aitika munaGunyana 2011 uye mugero waive wakazara nezvirimwa uye masuwo ekiyi akange asisagone kuvhurwa, gare gare pakupera kwaGumiguru panguva yemafashamo dzimba dzemhuri dzaive dzinenge. 80 masendimita emvura uye panhau ndakaona kuti vagari vane mapiki uye zviremwaremwa vakachera gomba mudhiki pane sluice, kuchengetedza varidzi vemba vakapfuma vaingova ne30 cm panguva iyoyo, uye nekuda kwegomba guru nzvimbo yakaderera yakazadza. kumusoro, zvichikonzera 1.80 mumba iyo inenge 60 cm yakakwirira kupfuura mugwagwa, imba yangu yakanga ine 14 vanhu vakawedzerwa kudya uye kurara, ichiri kufadza nekuda kwevanhu vakadaro uye vatyairi vasina hanya.
Musango rezvinhu, hazvisi nyore, kana zvisingagoneki (kunyangwe kune nyanzvi dzemvura) kuti vaone chaizvo zvikonzero zvemafashamo munyika ino (seya 2011) uye kuwirirana kwavo uye kukosha kwega.
Chinonyanya kukosha inyaya yekuti tingaderedza sei kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nemafashamu akadai uye inyaya dzipi dzinoiswa pamberi. Semuenzaniso, kuchengetedza nzvimbo yepakati yeBangkok yakaoma inoita kunge (kana yave) yekutanga nhamba 1. Vakuru Thais uye expats vanogona vachiri kurangarira mafashama muSilom neSukhumvit. Ndichiri kuyeuka kuti panguva yemafashamo muna 2011 zvakanzi kuvhurwe madhamu ese, kubvisa madhishi ese kuitira kuti mvura iwane nzira yayo yechisikigo (uye nemuguta) kuenda kugungwa. Tarisiro yaive yekuti pakati peBangkok yaizova pasi pemasendimita makumi matatu kwemazuva mana. Kune vezvematongerwo enyika vanoita sarudzo dzepamusoro munyika muno, izvi zvaisatenderwa zvachose. Hapana mumwe akabvunzwa pfungwa dzake, kunyangwe paramende.
Chokwadi Chris. Ndakafamba nemumvura kusvika mumabvi angu paSukhumvit. Mvura huru, yechokwadi, asi mahyacinths emvura ndiwo aikonzerawo kuomarara uye materu akatemwa akabatsirawo. Ndichasiya pachena kana uye kusvika pamwero upi chimwe chinhu chakakonzera mafashamo kupfuura chimwe, sezvo handisi nyanzvi {zvisinei kwete zvezvikonzero zvemafashamo}.
Takanga tiri pasi pemvura 1.50 paLaksi kwemwedzi miviri, kungosiya nzvimbo yacho. Mafashamo edu, uye kureba kwawo kwenguva refu, zvamazvirokwazvo akagadzirwa nomunhu.
Iniwo handikwanise kutaura zvaTino. Zvakadiniko nezvekukohwa mupunga kwakawedzerwa, kwavakachengetera mvura kwenguva yakareba kupfuura kutenderwa? Uye idi rokuti madhamu ose akanga ane mwero wakakwirira zvikuru panenge panguva imwe cheteyo ndokurega mvura yaMwari ichiyerera pamusoro pemunda waMwari?
Pamusoro pezvo, imwe dzidziso yekurangana iri kutenderera apo varidzi venzvimbo dzakakwirira vanogona kungoerekana vatengesa iyo isina mafashamu nemitengo yakakwira. Saka mafashamo kupa ruoko kune vanofungira nyika.
Zvese zvinogoneka muThailand, kunze kwekutarira mberi
Wadiwa Tino, ndinotenda kuti kuparadzwa kwemasango kwakakura kupfuura zvaungada kutenda. Kana iwe ukataura mamiriro acho makore 100 apfuura, unoratidza kuti ivhu raive 80% masango. Ndinogona kukuvimbisa kuti izvi zvanga zvisiri izvo muBangkok's river delta, iyo yaizivikanwa kwenguva refu nevhu rakaorera. Saka munharaunda iyi makore 100 apfuura huwandu hwemiti hunofanira kunge hwakasiyana zvakanyanya nezviri nhasi.
Tino aingonzwa senge nyaya yakanaka paThailandblog, akaiita kuti irebe uye akanyorwa zvinoyevedza, asi ndinofanira kubvumirana nevanhu vakaita saDr. Tim.
Mhedzisiro yekuparadzwa kwemasango idambudziko guru pasirese uye zvakare muThailand. Makore apfuura vakatanga kupengesa varimi kurima mupunga uye kuti zvive nyore izvi vanochera pasi 50 cm kuti vagadzire kudzika kuti vakwanise. kuchengetedza mvura yekurima mupunga, izvo zvisingadiwi zvachose.
Uye zvakare, masango mazhinji angonyangarika, izvo zvinosara kana iwe uchityaira uchipfuura neThailand nemavhiri ako mana inongomira miti iyo kazhinji isina yakawanda yakasara nekuti hapana ivhu rakaitenderedza.
Ndiri kufara chaizvo kuti ndirambe ndichienderera mberi. Ndinotora katatu naNakhon Sawan sepamusoro uye mutsetse pakati peNakhon Pathom nePrachin Buri sechigadziko. Ndiverengei nekuti ini handisi nyanzvi pazviri. Ndinofunga kuti ingangoita 17.500 square kilometers. Ndiri kuzovandudza fungidziro iyi. Ndakaisa miti 100 pahekita imwe neimwe. Saka dzakaparadzana nemamita gumi. Miti inowanzobatana mumasango, asi ini handidi kuwedzeredza nekuti haugone kudyara miti pese pese. Nechikonzero chimwe chete ichocho, ndakatenderedzawo nzvimbo yevhu. Miti zana pahekita, pachava ne10 10.000 paskweya kilometa. Panyika yakawanda iyoyo ndinogona kudyara 17.500x 10.000 miti. Ndiyo miriyoni zana nemakumi manomwe nemashanu miti. Chii chinozoitika? Miti iyi inofefetedza marita 175 emvura pazuva. Iwoyo angangoita matani mamiriyoni 250 emvura asingafaniri kupinda nomunzizi zuva nezuva. Ini ndinofungidzira kuti angangoita 450 cubic metres emvura pamuti anogona kuchengetwa muvhu. iyo inopfuura mamiriyoni 3 ematani emvura asingapindi munzizi zvakare. Uyezve, nzizi dzacho dzakadzika zvakapetwa kaviri nokuti nzizi 'dzisina masango' dzinotora jecha rakakura kwazvo dzodziisa munzira.
Mvura yemvura kubva 2011 haina dambudziko zvachose kune system yandiri kutsanangura pano. Nemwoyo wose, Tim
Zvisikwa zvechokwadi gore iroro.
Ini handisi nyanzvi, asi ndinoona mhedzisiro yezviito zvevanhu.
Gore rose munhu anoona nzizi dzine ruvara rwebrown, dzinosuka matani nematani evhu rakaorera kugungwa. Sango, zvakare pamateru emakomo akadzivirirwa, riri kutemwa kuti pave nekurima uye/kana kurima zvipfuyo. Munharaunda yandinogara, makore 50 apfuura kwaiva netsoko, kunyange ingwe. Ikozvino munhu anongoona chibage nenzimbe.
Hapasisina miti nemidzi zvinokwanisa kuunganidza nekunwa mvura yakawanda. Nyika inokukurwa kusvika pasara dombo, kubva ipapo mvura inomhanya ichienda kuhova nenzizi. Chinosara ivhu risingashandiswi, rinenge hapana chinokura pariri. Munhu chinhu chakakosha mumaonero angu.