Ziva Thailand (15): Huwandu hwevanhu uye huwandu hwevanhu
Huwandu hweThai hune vanhu vangangosvika mamirioni makumi matanhatu nepfumbamwe uye ndeimwe yehuwandu huri kukurumidza kukura muAsia. Thailand inyika yakasiyana, ine vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana, kusanganisira Thai, Chinese, Mon, Khmer neMalay. Vanhu vazhinji muThailand maBhudha, kunyangwe painewo madiki ezvimwe zvitendero zvakaita seIslam, Hinduism uye Chikristu.
Thailand inyika ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwehuwandu hwevanhu. Huwandu hwevanhu vanonyanya kuumbwa nevaThais, vanoumba ruzhinji rwevanhu uye vanogara kunenge kwese kwese munyika. Pamusoro peThais, kune zvakare nharaunda dzakakosha dzeChinese, Cambodian, Laotians, Malays uye mamwe mapoka eSoutheast Asia muThailand. Kune zvakare nharaunda diki dzemamwe madzinza muThailand, anosanganisira Indian, European, African and Hispanic mapoka. Idzi nharaunda dzinonyanya kugara mumaguta makuru, akadai seBangkok neChiang Mai. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzeThailand, senge nzvimbo dzemuganho neLaos, Cambodia neMyanmar, kunewo madzinza madiki anochengeta tsika nemitauro yavo. Aya mapoka anosanganisira Hmong, Karen, Akha, uye Yao, pakati pemamwe.
Rudzi rukurusa muThailand ndiThai, vanoumba 75% yevagari vemo. MaThai anobva nechepakati nekuchamhembe kweThailand uye ane nhoroondo refu munyika. Tsika dzavo dzakakanganiswa zvakanyanya nenyika dziri pedyo dzeLaos, Cambodia neMalaysia.
Kuwana dzidzo
Matanho edzidzo muThailand akawedzera kunaka mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura. Zvinoenderana nenhamba kubva kuThai Bureau yeNational Statistics, vangangoita 95% yevagari veThai vakapedza zvidzidzo zvepuraimari. Huwandu hwevanhu vane dzidzo yesekondari kana yepamusorosoro hwawedzerawo, kunyange hazvo pachine musiyano mukuru pakati pemadhorobha nemaruwa. Pane zvikonzero zvakati kuti nei mwero wedzidzo muThailand wakavandudzika. Chimwe chezvikonzero chikuru kuwedzera kuwaniswa kwedzidzo. MuThailand, dzidzo yepuraimari ndeyemahara uye inosungirwa kuvana vese vari pakati pemakore matanhatu negumi nemaviri. Izvi zvapa kuti huwandu hwevana vanoenda kuchikoro huwedzere uye hushoma hwevasingagoni kuverenga nekunyora.
Zvirongwa zvakati kuti zvakatangwa zvakare kusimudzira mwero wedzidzo muThailand, zvakaita sekuvandudza kunaka kwedzidzo, kusimbisa kugona kwevadzidzisi uye kusimudzira tsvakiridzo yesainzi neyetekinoroji. Kunyange kuchine matambudziko akadai sehukuru hwekirasi, kushomeka kwezvishandiso uye kusaenzana mukuwana dzidzo, nhanho dzedzidzo muThailand dziri kuramba dzichikwira.
Avhareji yemari uye mari inoraswa
Avhareji yemari muThailand yakawedzera mumakore achangopfuura. Zvinoenderana nemahofisi ehuwandu hweThai uye masangano evashandisi vepasirese, muhoro wepakati muThailand muna 2022 ungangoita zviuru gumi nezvishanu zvebhaht pamwedzi kana mazana mana nemakumi mana nemanomwe emadhora. Panguva imwecheteyo, muguta guru Bangkok vanowana avhareji ye15.000 baht. Muchikamu chakazvimiririra i417 baht uye munharaunda yeruzhinji i22.274 baht. Kunyangwe avhareji yemari muThailand yakawedzera, pachine musiyano mukuru pakati pemadhorobha nemaruwa. Avhareji yemari inowanikwa munzvimbo dzemadhorobha pane yekumaruwa nekuda kwehuwandu hwemabasa uye nekuwedzera kudiwa kwevashandi mumaguta.
Mari inoraswa neThailand chikamu chemari inogona kushandiswa nevanhu pazvinhu nemasevhisi, mushure mekubvisa mitero nezvimwe zvinodhura. Zvinoenderana nenhamba kubva kuThailand's Bureau of National Statistics, mari inoraswa yemumba muThailand yakawedzerawo 2021% muna 3 zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura. Kunyangwe mari inoraswa yawedzera muThailand, pachine musiyano mukuru pakati pemadhorobha nemaruwa.
Muhoro wepasi muThailand unosiyana nepurovhinzi. Zvinoenderana nenhamba dzakabva kuThailand's Bureau of National Statistics, muhoro wepasi muna 2021 waive ungangoita mazana matatu baht pazuva, ayo akaenzana nemadhora mazana masere nemakumi matatu. Mubairo wepasi unodzokororwa makore maviri ega ega zvichienderana nekukwira kwemitengo nezvimwe zvinhu zvehupfumi. Muhoro wepasi unoshanda kune vese vashandi muThailand, zvisinei nedanho ravo redzidzo kana basa. Inoshandiswa senzvimbo yekutarisa yemuhoro uye mihoro uye ine chinangwa chekuona kuti vashandi vane mari inonzwisisika yekurarama nayo.
(Pavel V. Khon / Shutterstock.com)
Urombo pakati pehuwandu hwevanhu
Kunyangwe Thailand iri nyika yakasimukira ine hupfumi hwakasimba, kuchine misiyano mikuru pakati pemadhorobha nemaruwa maererano nedzidzo, hutano uye hupfumi. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeThailand, mararamiro akaoma uye vanhu vanogara pasi pehurombo. Naizvozvo hurombo idambudziko guru muThailand. Zvinoenderana nenhamba dzakabva kuThai Bureau yeNational Statistics, vangangoita gumi nerimwe muzana yevagari vemuThailand vanogara pasi pehurombo, hunosvika mamirioni manomwe nemazana manomwe. Mutsara wehurombo muThailand muna 11 waive ungangoita zviuru gumi nezvishanu zvebhaht pagore, angangoita madhora mazana mana nemakumi maviri. Iyi ndiyo mari iri pasi apa iyo mhuri inoonekwa seyakashata uye inokodzera rubatsiro rwehurumende uye mamwe marudzi erubatsiro. Izvo zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mutsara wehurombo muThailand igwara uye mari yemumba handiyo yega inoita kuti uone kana iri murombo. Zvimwe zvinhu, zvakaita sehuwandu hwevanhu vari mumba, zera renhengo, mamiriro ehutano uye mararamiro, zvinogonawo kukanganisa hurombo hwemhuri.
Kunyangwe hupfumi hweThailand hwakakura zvishoma mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, ruzhinji rwevanhu runoramba ruri kumashure. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika munzvimbo dziri kure uye mumaguta makuru, uko mari yekurarama yakakwirira. Hurombo muThailand kazhinji hunobva mumubatanidzwa wezvinhu, zvinosanganisira kuderera kwedzidzo, kushaikwa kwehutano hwehutano nemabasa emari, uye kusagadzikana kwemamiriro ekushanda. Vashandi vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika ndivo vanonyanya kunetseka nehurombo, sezvakaita varimi vaduku vanotambura nemitengo yakaderera yezvigadzirwa zvavo uye mamiriro okunze akaipa. Kugadzirisa urombo muThailand, hurumende yakatanga zvirongwa zvakawanda uye zvirongwa, kusanganisira kupa rubatsiro rwemari kune varombo nevanotambura, kuvandudza kuwana dzidzo uye hutano hwehutano, nekusimudzira maitiro ekurima ekurima. Naizvozvo hurombo hunoramba huri dambudziko guru kuThailand.
Zvikwereti zvemumba
Chikwereti chemhuri idambudziko guru muThailand. Zvinoenderana nenhamba kubva kuThailand's Central Bureau of Statistics, dzimba dzemuThailand dzaive nechikwereti cheavhareji chinosvika zviuru zana nemakumi mashanu baht muna 2021, izvo zvakaenzana nemadhora mazana mana nemakumi maviri. Uku kuwedzera kwezvikamu zvishanu kubva muzana zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura. Pane zvikonzero zvakati kuti nei mhuri muThailand dziri muchikwereti. Chimwe chezvikonzero chikuru kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwemakadhi echikwereti uye zvikwereti zvemunhu. Mhuri zhinji dzeThai dzinoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvemari izvi kusimudzira mararamiro avo kana kubhadhara mari isingatarisirwe. Zvisinei, izvi zvinogona kukonzera zvikwereti zvakanyanya uye matambudziko emari kana mhuri dzisingakwanisi kubhadhara zvikwereti izvi.
Zvimwe zvikonzero zvechikwereti chemumba muThailand zvinosanganisira mari yakaderera, kuronga kwemari kusina kukwana uye kusadzora maitiro ekushandisa. Kugadzirisa chikwereti cheimba, hurumende yeThai yakatanga zvirongwa zvakati wandei, zvinosanganisira kusimudzira dzidzo yezvemari uye kutanga zvirongwa zvekubatsira nekupa mazano kumhuri dzine dambudziko remari. Izvo zvakakosha kuti urambe uchishanda munzira dzekudzikisa chikwereti cheimba muThailand uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti mhuri dzinokwanisa kurarama mune yakanaka mari.
Demographics
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvehuwandu hwave kuderera kwehuwandu hwekuzvarwa mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, izvo zvakakonzera kuderera kwechikamu chevechidiki muhuwandu. Izvi zvinogona kuverengerwa kune zvakati wandei, senge nzira dzekudzivirira kubata pamuviri dzakavandudzwa, kuwedzera kwemaguta uye kuwedzera kwekupinda kwechiuto kwevakadzi. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha inguva youpenyu. MuThailand, tarisiro yehupenyu yakawedzera nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwehutano uye mararamiro. Izvi zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwenhamba yevakwegura muhuwandu hwevanhu. Kutama zvakare chinhu chakakosha chehuwandu hwevanhu muThailand. Kune kufamba kwakakosha kwevanhu kubva kunzvimbo dziri kure nemisha midiki kuenda kumaguta makuru, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu mumaguta uye kuderera kwemaruwa.
Kuchembera
Huwandu hwevanhu vachembera chiitiko icho Thailand inofanirwa kurwisana nacho. Zvinoenderana nenhamba kubva kuThailand's Bureau of National Statistics, mugove wevanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu muhuwandu hweThailand wakawedzera kubva pagumi muzana kusvika pamakumi maviri muzana pakati pa60 na2005. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kune vanhu vakura vakawanda muThailand uye huwandu hwevechidiki huri kudzikira. Huwandu hwevanhu vachembera muThailand imhaka yezvikonzero zvakati wandei, kusanganisira kudzikira kwekuzvarwa, kuvandudzwa kwehutano hwehutano uye kuwedzera kwehupenyu hwehupenyu. Huwandu hwekuchembera huri kukonzera matambudziko akati wandei, akadai semitengo yakakwira yehutano uye kudzikira kwekutora chikamu chevashandi. Kuti agadzirise matambudziko aya, hurumende yeThai yakatanga zvirongwa zvakawanda, kusanganisira kutanga penjeni uye zvirongwa zvekuchengeta vakwegura, kukurudzira mararamiro ane hutano uye kusimbisa kubatana kwevanhu.
The Isan
Isan inzvimbo iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweThailand. Isan inzvimbo yechipiri pakukura muThailand uye ine huwandu hwevanhu vangangoita mamirioni makumi maviri nerimwe. Inzvimbo yekumaruwa ine huwandu hwevanhu vashoma uye chimiro chehupfumi chezvekurima. Vanhu verudzi rweIsan pakutanga ndeverudzi rweLaotian uye vane tsika dzavo dzakasiyana nemitauro. Vanhu vakawanda muIsan vanotaura mutauro weLao, kunyange zvazvo mutauro weThai wakapararirawo. Iyo Isaan zvakare ine hupfumi hwetsika tsika, ine yakasarudzika mimhanzi, kutamba, zvipfeko uye mhemberero.
Hupfumi hweIsan hwakanyanya kubva pakurima, nemupunga, chibage, sesame nefodya sezvigadzirwa zvakakosha. Kune zvakare maindasitiri akakosha, akadai semachira, kugadzira chikafu uye zvekuvakisa, mudunhu. Kunyange hazvo hupfumi hwaIsan hwakakura mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, urombo huchiri dambudziko guru mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzedunhu. Iyo Isan inozivikanwa zvakare nehunhu hwayo hwakanaka, ine minda yakakura yemupunga, nzizi refu, masango akasvibira uye tembere dzenhoroondo. Iyo inzvimbo inozivikanwa yevashanyi vari kutsvaga yechokwadi uye ine runyararo yezororo chiitiko muThailand.
(teerapat punsom / Shutterstock.com)
Nharaunda yeMuslim mumatunhu ekuMaodzanyemba
Matunhu eThailand ekumaodzanyemba, anosanganisira Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat, uye Songkhla, ane nharaunda huru dzeMuslim. Nekumwe kufungidzira, vaMuslim vanoumba inenge hafu yevagari vemo mumapurovhinzi aya. Nharaunda yechiMuslim mumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba ndeerudzi rwechiMalay uye ine tsika nemitauro yakasiyana. Nharaunda yeMuslim mumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba yakagara ichisangana nekusaenzana kwevanhu, hupfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika uye rusarura. Izvi zvakonzera kusawirirana pakati pevagari veMuslim nehurumende uye zvakakonzera kunetsana kwemhirizhonga mudunhu iri.
Kugadzirisa gakava iri, hurumende yeThai yakatanga zvirongwa zvakati wandei, zvinosanganisira kumisa mapuratifomu enhaurirano pakati pehurumende nenharaunda yeMuslim, kuvandudza kuwanikwa kwedzidzo nehutano, uye kusimudzira hupfumi. Kunyange kufambira mberi kwaitwa, kunetsana kunoramba kuri dambudziko guru kuThailand.
Kushamwaridzana uye kugamuchira
Vanhu veThai vane hushamwari uye vane mutsa uye vanozivikanwa nekuda kwemapati nemimhanzi. Chitendero chavo chiBuddha, icho chine basa rinokosha muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva netsika. Vanhu veThai zvakare vanodada nenyika yavo uye vane hukama hwakasimba nehunhu uye runako rwechisikigo rweThailand. Kazhinji, vanhu veThai chikamu chakakosha chetsika nehupfumi hweThailand. Hushamwari hwavo, kugamuchira vaeni uye rudado munyika yavo zvinoita kuti vave vakasiyana uye vakakosha.
Chinyorwa chakanaka kwazvo.
Izvi zvinotopindura zvakajeka mubvunzo waEmma maererano nechikumbiro chake: 'Urombo muThailand'.
Kana akaverenga izvi, anenge achitova nechikonzero chakakwana chokugadzirisa mubasa rake.
Chinyorwa chakanaka chokwadi.
Nekudaro, zvandinosangana nazvo (uye mukadzi wangu weThai anobvumiranawo nazvo) ndezvekuti hushamwari hwevanhu veThai huri kupera zvakadaro. Ichi chiitiko hachinyanyi kuoneka pakati pevanhu vakuru, asi vechidiki vakachinja zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura.
Ini handina ruzivo rwekuti chikonzero chaicho cheizvi chii, ndinofunga kuderera kwehurombo kune chekuita nazvo. Kusimuka kweinternet, kunyanya magariro enhau, pamwe zvakare chikonzero chekuti munhu wese anogara zvakanyanya mubhurugwa rake pasina kutora vamwe munharaunda.
Mutsika dzechiThai, vabereki vaigara vachikosheswa nevana vavo. Izvowo hazvisi nguva dzose zvakadaro zvakare. Ndinoziva nezvemienzaniso mizhinji apo vana havachatarisi baba naamai vavo chaivo, asi vasina chinhu chiduku chavo pachavo. Hunhu hwekuzvida uhu huri kuramba huchinyuka.
Kubatana uye kubatsira zvinowanzorasika. Kutsvaga pfuma, godo kune izvo vamwe vanazvo uye kuda kuwanda iwe pachako zvinokonzera matambudziko mazhinji. Chokwadi zviri nani kune avhareji yeThai, urombo huri kudzikira, dzidzo iri nani zvakanyanya. Zvese izvi inzvimbo yekuberekera nzanga iyo iri murume wese zvake. Zvinosiririsa, asi Thailand iri kukurumidza kuchinja.
Shanduko chikamu chehupenyu, izvo dzimwe nguva zvinosiririsa, asi pakupedzisira maThais vanosarudza pamwechete nzira iyo nyika ichaenda. Shanduko idzi dzinenge dziine zvinhu zvakanaka (zviri nani zvemagariro nehupfumi) pamwe nekuipira. Uko vanhu vanonyanya kuzviriritira, izvi zvinovapa mukana wekuve nehukama hudiki / hwepedyo nevanhu vakakukomberedza. Ehe, izvi zvakare zvine zvazvinobatsira uye zvisingabatsiri (zvishoma prying maziso, asiwo vashoma vanobatana).
Iri, senyika chero ipi zvayo, nyika izere nevanhu vakasiyana, vakakosha uye vasina kukosha. Uye senyika dzese, iri zvakare hotchpotch yemarudzi ese ekwakabva uye tsika (iyo Thai haipo). Shanduko inoenderera mberi. Nyika iri kuita diki diki uye tichaona kuti ramangwana rakamira sei.
Makore mashoma apfuura, Prime Minister Prayut Ubon Rachathani akashanyira. Akasangana neanopikisa kutonga kwake ndokumubvunza kuti "Uri muThai here?"
Ndivanaani avo Thais? Vazhinji vanorambwa vachiti 'kwete chaizvo Thai' kana kuti kwete Thai zvachose. Vazhinji vane madzitateguru kubva kune dzimwe nyika, chitendero chisiri chiBuddha, uye havataure Standard Thai. Vanowanzosarurwa.
MuThai munhu ane dzinza reThai, mushure meizvozvo tinogona kutaura nezve mamwe maficha emunhu nehupenyu hwavo.
Uye mwanakomana wangu ane marudzi maviri. MuThai chaiye here?
Iko hakuna zvakare 'Thai tsika'. Kune dzakawanda tsika muThailand.
“… chitendero chisiri chiBhudha uye usataure Standard Thai. Vanowanzosarurwa.”
Kana kuti maonero asiri iwo ezvematongerwo enyika. Vamwe vanoda republic. Izvo hazvisi zveThai.
Chinyorwa chakanaka
Dzidzo yepuraimari kusvika makore gumi nemaviri ndeyemahara, asi izvi zvinoshandawo here kumayunifomu echikoro nemabhuku?
Kuchikoro chepuraimari unofanira kupawo mabhuku nezvipfeko iwe pachako. Zvinotitorera 5000 baht uye zvipfeko zvinotengwa pakukura, izvo zvinongori pasi pegumi nemashanu baht pazuva. Kana iwe uchigona kuita mwana, saka haufanirwe kuve wakaoma kuisa iyo hombe mari yekuda kupihwa chembere kubva kuvana.
Kungotora pane imwe comment. Ini ndinongove nekunzwa kuti vana pachavo, nekuda kwedzidzo yavo uye ruzivo rwesocial media uye internet, vanonzwa kuti vabereki vavo vakapusa uye ivo vabereki vakafanana vanoramba vakanamatira muchembere uyezve hazvinzwisisike kuwana imwe mhando. yekusemesa uye kuvharidzira vabereki netipi kana vangotanga hupenyu hwavo hwekushanda ivo pachavo.
Ibasawo revabereki. Kushanda uchipenga uye kuzvinyima kuti urege mwanasikana wako achienda kuyunivhesiti uye pakupedzisira mwero wedzidzo unozove wakanaka zvekuve mabharani weresitorendi. Kunyara kwakadai vese, asi hongu, vanozviita ivo vomira ipapo.
Shangu dzinodhura mazana mashoma baht, ditto zvipfeko. Bhuku rinenge zviuru zvishoma baht pagore. Saka hapana chainobhadhara, kunyangwe kuzvikoro zvepaprivate sezvevana vangu ndinobhadhara mhando idzi dzemari. Uniform ibasa ramwari nekuti haufanirwe kusarudza kana kuratidza izvo mwana anofanira kupfeka uye unochengeta mari pazvipfeko zvenguva dzose saka zvipfeko zvechimiro cheunifomu hazvina mari yekuwedzera.