Ziva Thailand (17): iyo Economy

Hupfumi hweThailand ndohumwe hwakasimba uye hwakasiyana zvakanyanya muSoutheast Asia. Nyika iyi inzvimbo yechipiri pakukura kwehupfumi mushure meIndonesia uye ine vanhu vari kukura vari pakati nepakati. Thailand ndiyo inonyanya kutengesa kunze kwezvinhu zvakaita semagetsi, mota, zvigadzirwa zverabha uye zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvakaita semupunga nerabha.

Iyo sevhisi chikamu ndicho chikuru chinobatsira kuThailand gross chigadzirwa chemukati (GDP), ichiteverwa nezvikamu zveindasitiri nekurima. Bazi rekushanya rakakoshawo kuwana mari yenyika, nevashanyi vanopfuura mamirioni makumi matatu neshanu pagore (denda reCovid risati rasvika).

Hurumende inoita basa rakakosha muhupfumi hweThai uye inovavarira kusimudzira kwakaringana kwezvikamu zvakasiyana. Pane zvirongwa zvehurumende zvakawanda zvinotarisa kusimudzirwa kwechikamu chezvekurima, zvivakwa uye mabasa emagariro. Kune zvakare makambani mazhinji epasi rese anogara muThailand, anosanganisira mafekitori emagetsi nezvimwe zvinhu. Nyika zvakare ine hupfumi huri kusimukira hunoenderana nekutengesa kunze kwenyika, paine huwandu hukuru hwevanotengeserana pasi rose. Mumakore achangopfuura, Thailand yakatarisana nematambudziko akawanda ehupfumi, kusanganisira kushayikwa kwemabasa uye kukwira kwemitengo. Asi zvisineyi nezvimhingamipinyi izvi, hupfumi hwenyika huri kuramba huchikura nekusimukira.

Hupfumi hweThai hunozivikanwa nekukura kwahwo kwakasimba kune kunze kwenyika. Nyika iyi ndeimwe yevatengesi vakuru vemagetsi, machira, zvikamu zvemotokari uye chikafu pasi rose. Thailand inonyanya kutengeserana inodyidzana iUnited States, China, Japan neEuropean Union.

Trading partners

Thailand inonyanya kudyidzana neChina, United States, Japan, Malaysia neSingapore. Pamwe chete, nyika idzi dzinotora inopfuura hafu yezvese zveThailand zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye kunze kwenyika. Thailand inonyanya kutengesa kunze zvinhu zvemaindasitiri zvakaita semagetsi, zvikamu zvemotokari, zvipfeko uye fenicha. Misika mikuru yekutengesa kunze kwenyika kuThailand iChina, United States, Japan, Australia neMalaysia.

Thailand inonyanya kupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika nehafu-yakapedzwa kuti iwedzere kugadzirisa uye kutumira kunze kwenyika. Misika mikuru yekupinza kunze kwenyika kuThailand iChina, United States, Japan, South Korea neMalaysia.

Asean Membership

Thailand inhengo yeAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), isangano renyika gumi muSoutheast Asia rakavambwa muna 1967 kusimudzira kudyidzana kwedunhu uye kubatana kwehupfumi. Thailand inhengo yekutanga yeASEAN uye yakaita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira kudyidzana kwedunhu mukati mesangano. Nyika yakabatsirawo mukubatanidzwa kwehupfumi mukati meASEAN nekupinda muzvirongwa zvakaita seASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) neASEAN Economic Community (AEC).

Hunhengo muASEAN hunogona kupa Thailand zvikomborero zvakati wandei, zvinosanganisira kuwana misika mikuru, kusimudzira kubatanidzwa kwehupfumi uye kugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika, nekupa chikuva chekubatana kwedunhu munzvimbo dzakaita sezvakatipoteredza, rubatsiro rwevanhu uye kuchengetedzeka.

Thailand yakapindawo muzvirongwa zvakati wandei zvine chekuita nedunhu nepasi rose, senge ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), chikuva chenhaurirano dzezvematongerwo enyika nechengetedzo, uye ASEAN Plus Three (APT), mubatanidzwa pakati peASEAN, China, Japan uye. South Africa, Korea. Senhengo yenyika yeASEAN, Thailand inoita basa rakakosha mukubatanidzwa kwedunhu uye kubatana muSoutheast Asia uye inoenderera mberi nekushanda mukusimudzira sangano.

Thailand senyika yakaderera muhoro

Thailand inyika ine mihoro yakaderera kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinogona kukwezva kuti makambani agadzire muThailand, nekuti anofanirwa kubhadhara mari shoma yevashandi. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwekudyara munyika uye zvinogona kubatsira mukukura kwehupfumi hweThailand. Nekudaro, mibairo yakaderera muThailand zvakare sosi yekusaenzana munharaunda uye kusashamwaridzana kwevashandi. Vashandi vazhinji muThailand vanotambira mihoro yakaderera uye dziviriro shoma kubasa. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kumamiriro ekushanda asina kunaka uye mararamiro akaderera kune vamwe vashandi.

Hupfumi hweThailand hunoenderana nezvikamu zvakati wandei, kusanganisira kushanya, kutengesa kunze kwenyika zvinhu zvemaindasitiri, uye zvekurima. Zvakadaro, chikamu chezvekurima chasara kumashure kwechikamu chemaindasitiri nezvekushanyirwa uye hachina basa nemazvo kana zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika mudunhu iri. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nemukaha unowedzera pakati pevapfumi nevarombo munyika. Pasinei nematambudziko akatarisana neThailand, nyika inoramba iri mutambi mukuru muhupfumi hweSoutheast Asia uye inoramba ichishanda mukuvandudza kusimudza mararamiro evanhu vayo.

Mupunga kunze kwenyika

Thailand ndeimwe yevatengesi vakakura mupunga munyika. Nyika iyi inotora chikamu chegumi kubva muzana chekutengeswa kwemupunga pasi rose uye ndiyo yechipiri pakukura mupunga kunze kwenyika mushure meIndia.Mupunga chirimwa chakakosha muThailand uye nyika ine nhoroondo refu yekurima mupunga. Minda yemupunga yeThailand inonyanya kuwanikwa nechepakati nekuchamhembe kwenyika. Mupunga unonyanya kurimwa muThailand ijasmine mupunga uye mupunga unoshandiswa kugadzira mupunga unokora. Jasmine mupunga mupunga une tsanga refu, yakapfava uye inonhuhwirira, ukuwo mupunga wakakora une tsanga pfupi yakakora uye unoshandiswa kugadzira sadza nebepa remupunga.

Thailand inotora zvakakosha kutengesa mupunga kune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda pasi rose, kusanganisira China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Egypt, Iran, Kuwait, uye United Arab Emirates. Mupunga zvakare wakakosha kuwana mari kuvarimi vazhinji muThailand uye nekudaro unobata basa rakakosha muhupfumi hwenyika.

Nekudaro, kune zvakare matambudziko akatarisana neThailand maererano nekutengesa mupunga kunze kwenyika. Semuenzaniso, kuchinja-chinja kwemitengo yemupunga uye kukwikwidzana nedzimwe nyika dzinotengesa mupunga kune dzimwe nyika zvinokanganisa kutengeswa kwemupunga neThailand. Kune zvakare kushushikana nezve kusimba kwekugadzirwa kwemupunga muThailand, kunyanya maererano nekushandiswa kwemvura uye agrochemicals.

indasitiri yemotokari

Thailand ine indasitiri yemotokari iri kusimukira uye inzvimbo huru yekugadzira mota uye kutengesa kunze kwenyika muSoutheast Asia. Nyika inoona nezve 12% yemotokari dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye ndiyo yechipiri pakukura kunze kwenyika mudunhu iri mushure meJapan. Kune akawanda makuru makuru epasi rose anogadzira mota akavakirwa muThailand, anosanganisira Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Ford, General Motors uye BMW. Vagadziri ava vanonyanya kugadzira mota diki uye dzepakati nepakati dzeThai uye misika yekunze. Thailand iri zvakare kumusha kune akati wandei e Thai anogadzira mota, akadai Isuzu, Mitsubishi uye Suzuki.

Indasitiri yemotokari yeThai zvakare ine yakakosha kugovera nemakambani mazhinji eThai anogadzira nekutumira kunze zvikamu zvemotokari. Iyi ketani yekugovera ndiyo mutyairi mukuru wehupfumi hweThailand uye inoverengera chikamu chakakosha chezvinobuda mumaindasitiri enyika.

Nekudaro, kune zvakare matambudziko akatarisana neiyo Thai mota indasitiri. Semuyenzaniso, kutsamira kwakasimba pane zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kunogona kutungamira mukusagadzikana kwenhamba dzekutengesa nekuda kwekuchinja-chinja kwemitengo yekuchinjana uye kuchinja kudiwa kune dzimwe nyika. Kune zvakare makwikwi kubva kune dzimwe nyika mudunhu iri dziri kushandawo muindasitiri yemotokari, dzakaita seChina neIndonesia. Pamusoro pezvo, pane kutyira nezve kuenderera mberi uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kweindasitiri yemotokari, kunyanya maererano nekubuda kwegasi rinokuvadza uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu.

Tourism

Tourism inoita basa rakakosha muhupfumi hweThailand. Ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo huru dzekuwana mari yenyika uye yakabatsira mukukura kwehupfumi hweThailand. Muna 2019, kushanya kwaikonzera chikamu che20% chezvakakura zvechigadzirwa chenyika (GDP). Tourism muThailand inowedzerwa nemahombekombe akanaka, zvinokwezva zvetsika uye mutengo wakachipa wekurarama. Nyika inokwezva mamirioni evashanyi vanobva kumativi ese enyika gore rega rega.

Tourism inogona zvakare kugadzira mabasa kune vagari venzvimbo uye kubatsira mukusimudzira zvivakwa, zvakaita semahotera, maresitorendi uye zvekufambisa. Mari kubva mukutengeswa kwezvinhu uye masevhisi kune vashanyi, senge zviyeuchidzo, chikafu nechinwiwa, uye chekufambisa, yakakoshawo kuhupfumi. Nekudaro, zvinogona zvakare kutungamira kune kudzvanywa kwedzimba dzenzvimbo uye nharaunda yakasikwa kana ikasagadziriswa nenzira yakagadzikana. Mumakore achangopfuura, Thailand yakashanda nesimba kugadzira hurongwa hwekushanya kwakasimba kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kushanya kunoramba kuchibatsira muhupfumi hwenyika pasina kukuvadza nharaunda nenharaunda.

vakwikwidzi mudunhu

Thailand yakatarisana nemakwikwi kubva kune dzimwe nyika mumusika wepasi rose, kunyanya muSoutheast Asia, uko nyika iri mutambi mukuru. Vakwikwidzi vakuru veThailand vehupfumi vanogona kusiyana zvichienderana neindasitiri yakanangana neiyo nyika inoshanda.

• Panyaya yezvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri, China inokwikwidza zvikuru kuThailand. China ndiyo inotengesa kunze kwenyika zvinhu zvemaindasitiri, inokwikwidza neThailand pamutengo uye nekubudirira.
• Mumunda wekurima, Vietnam inokwikwidza zvikuru kuThailand. Vietnam mutambi ari kukura mumusika wepasi rose wezvigadzirwa zvekurima, semupunga nekofi, uye inogona kukwikwidza neThailand pamutengo uye mhando.
• Panyaya yekushanya, Thailand inogona kukwikwidza nedzimwe nyika dziri mudunhu, dzakadai seMalaysia, Indonesia nePhilippines, dzinofarirwawo nevashanyi.
• Thailand inogona zvakare kukwikwidza nedzimwe nyika mumaindasitiri ebasa, senge IT masevhisi nemari, uye nedzimwe nyika dziri kushanda mukugovera ketani.

Kuti urambe uchikwikwidza mumusika wepasi rose, zvakakosha kuti Thailand irambe ichivandudza uye ichichinja

Chengetedza mari muThailand

Thailand inogona kunge iri nyika inoyevedza yekuisa mari kune vamwe vanoisa mari nekuda kwezvinhu zvakati wandei, senge:

• Nzvimbo yakanakira: Thailand ine nzvimbo yakanaka muSoutheast Asia uye isuwo rakakosha pakati peChina neIndia. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti nyika inakidze kumakambani ari kuda kutora mukana wekukura kuri kuita hupfumi hwenyika mbiri idzi.
• Kugadzikana: Thailand ine nhoroondo refu yekugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye haina njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga (kunze kwemafashama). Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti nyika inakidze kune vanoisa mari vachitsvaga nzvimbo yakagadzikana yekudyara mari.
• Mari yakaderera: Thailand ine mutengo wakaderera wevashandi nekugadzira, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti inakidze kumakambani ari kutsvaga nzvimbo yakachipa yekugadzira.
• Kusiyana kwehupfumi: Thailand ine hupfumi hwakasiyana hune zvikamu zvakasimba senge kushanya, kutengesa kunze kwezvinhu zvemaindasitiri nekurima. Izvi zvinogona kupa vanoisa mari nesarudzo dzinoverengeka dzekudyara mariri.

Nekudaro, kune zvakare matambudziko anogona kutarisana nevanoisa mari muThailand, senge dzimwe nguva opaque yemutemo system, nyaya dzezvivakwa zvehungwaru uye kuwanikwa kushoma kwechikwereti. Vagadziri vemari vanofanirwa saka kuziviswa zvakanaka vasati vafunga kuisa mari muThailand.

Makambani eDutch neBelgian muThailand

Kune akawanda makambani echiDutch akazvimisikidza muThailand. Heino mienzaniso mishoma:

• Shell: Shell ndeimwe yemakambani makuru emafuta negasi pasirese uye yakazvimisikidza muThailand ine akati wandei ekuisa mafuta negasi uye zviteshi zvegasi.
• Unilever: Unilever ikambani yepasi rose inogadzira nekutengesa chikafu, kuzvichengeta uye zvigadzirwa zvemumba. Iyo kambani ine huvepo hwakakosha muThailand ine akati wandei nzvimbo dzekugadzira uye mahofisi.
• Heineken: Heineken mugadziri wedoro ane huvepo munyika dzinopfuura makumi manomwe. Kambani iyi ine doro muThailand uye inotengesawo mamwe marudzi edoro munyika.
• AkzoNobel: AkzoNobel ikambani yemakemikari inogadzira zvigadzirwa zvepende uye coating indasitiri, pamwe neyemapepa uye cellulose maindasitiri. Iyo kambani ine kuvapo muThailand ine akati wandei nzvimbo dzekugadzira uye mahofisi.
• Ahold Delhaize: Ahold Delhaize isupamaketi yemarudzi akawanda ine mapazi munyika dzinoverengeka, kusanganisira Thailand.

Kune akawanda makambani eBelgian akazvimisikidza muThailand. Heino mienzaniso mishoma:

• AB InBev: AB InBev ndiyo inogadzira doro rakakura pasi rose uye inowanikwa munyika dzinopfuura makumi mashanu. Kambani iyi ine doro muThailand uye inotengesawo mamwe mabhureki edoro munyika.
• Solvay: Solvay ikambani yemakemikari inogadzira zvigadzirwa zveaerospace, mota, zvemagetsi uye mamwe maindasitiri. Iyo kambani ine kuvapo muThailand ine akati wandei nzvimbo dzekugadzira uye mahofisi.
• Delhaize: Delhaize isupermarket cheni ine mapazi munyika dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira Thailand.
• Umicore: Umicore ikambani yehunyanzvi inoshanda mukugadzira zvinhu zveindasitiri yemagetsi, indasitiri yemotokari nezvimwe. Iyo kambani ine kuvapo muThailand ine akati wandei nzvimbo dzekugadzira uye mahofisi.
• Bekaert: Bekaert ikambani inogadzira uye inotengesa tekinoroji faibha uye tambo yekupfekedza zvigadzirwa. Iyo kambani ine kuvapo muThailand ine nzvimbo yekugadzira uye mahofisi.

Iyo Thai baht

Iyo Thai baht ndiyo mari yepamutemo yeThailand uye inoshandiswa kune ese mafambisirwo emari munyika. Iyo baht yakatumidzwa zita resirivheri yaimboshandiswa semari muThailand.

Kukosha kwebhaht kunoenderana neakasiyana ehupfumi zvinhu, senge inflation, mhindu uye kudiwa kwemari. Kana kudiwa kwebhaht kuchiwedzera, kukosha kwemari kunogona kukwira, nepo kudonha kwekuda kungakonzera kudzikira kwekukosha kwebhaht. Iyo baht yakasangana nenguva dzekushaya simba uye simba munguva yakapfuura, uye kukosha kwemari kunogona kuchinjika mukupindura shanduko yehupfumi. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa mitengo yezvinhu uye masevhisi muThailand uye simba rekutenga rehuwandu.

Hurumende yeThai yakatora matanho akati wandei kudzikamisa kukosha kwebhaht, sekudzikamisa inflation uye kutonga mitengo yezvibereko. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuchengetedza hupfumi hweThailand uye kuchengetedza simba rekutenga rehuwandu.

The fair

Stock Exchange yeThailand, inozivikanwawo seStock Exchange yeThailand (SET), ndiyo inoita basa guru muupfumi hwenyika. Iyo SET yakavambwa muna 1975 uye inogara muBangkok. Ndiyo imwe yeakakosha mastock exchange muSoutheast Asia, ichipa chikuva kumakambani kutengesa uye kutenga masheya uye kuisa mari muhupfumi hweThai.

Musika wemasheya weThailand unopesvedzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupfumi zvakaita se inflation, mitengo yemubereko, mitengo yekuchinjana uye kudiwa kwezvinhu zveThai pamusika wepasi rose. Kana hupfumi hweThailand hukakura, hunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwemitengo yemusika wemasheya, nepo kudzikira kwehupfumi kunogona kukonzera kuderera kwemitengo yemusika. Musika wemasheya weThailand unopawo huwandu hwesarudzo dzekudyara kune vanoisa mari senge masheya, mabhondi uye mutual fund. Vanoisa mari vanogona kubatsirwa nekukura kwehupfumi hweThai nekudyara muThailand Stock Exchange. Nekudaro, kudyara muThailand musika wemasheya kunogona zvakare kusanganisira njodzi dzakadai sekusagadzikana uye kurasikirwa kwemari. Vagadziri vemari vanofanirwa saka kuziviswa zvakanaka vasati vafunga kuisa mari muThailand stock exchange.

Tarisiro yekukura kwehupfumi

Kukura kwehupfumi hweThailand kunoenderana nezvakati wandei zvakaita sekudiwa kwezvinhu zveThai pamusika wepasi rose, chikamu chekushanya, kusimudzira zvivakwa uye kushandiswa kwemumba. Thailand yakaona kukura kwakakosha kwehupfumi munguva yakapfuura uye inoonekwa seimwe yehupfumi huri kusimukira muSoutheast Asia. Nekudaro, hupfumi hweThailand hwakasanganawo nematambudziko akadai sechikwereti chakakwira, opaque yemutemo system uye kuwanikwa kwechikwereti kushoma.

Kuenderera mberi, hupfumi hweThailand hunogona kubatsirwa kubva mukukura kwehupfumi hwedunhu, kusanganisira China neIndia, uye kuwedzera kuri kuda kwezvigadzirwa zveThai mumusika wepasi rose. Nyika iri kushandawo kuvandudza zvivakwa uye kukurudzira budiriro inoenderera mberi kuchengetedza hupfumi hwenyika. Nekudaro, hupfumi hweThailand hunogonawo kutarisana nematambudziko akadai sekukanganisa kweCCIDID-19 denda, kusagadzikana kwemusika wepasi rose uye kuwedzera kwemakwikwi epasirese. Saka zvakaoma kunyatsofanotaura nezve tarisiro yekukura kwehupfumi hweThailand.

Dzvanya hupfumi hweThai

Kune akati wandei matambudziko uye matambudziko akatarisana nehupfumi hweThai parizvino:

• Kuderera kwekuvimba mubhanga uye hurongwa hwemari. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuderera kwekudyara uye kuvimba kwevatengi muhupfumi.
• Kuderera kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika. Thailand inovimba nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinhu zvakaita semagetsi uye zvikamu zvemotokari, uye kudzikira kwekuda kwezvinhu izvi kunogona kukonzera kudzikira kwehupfumi.
• Chikwereti chikuru chenyika. Thailand ine chikwereti chenyika chakakwira, icho chinogona kutungamirira kumari yemubereko yakakwirira uye zvirambidzo pamashandisirwo ehurumende.
• Kuderera kwekubudirira. Kubudirira muThailand kwakadzikira nguva pfupi yadarika, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kudzikira kwemakwikwi uye kukura kwehupfumi.
• Kushaikwa kwekuchinja. Thailand inotarisana nekushaikwa kwekushanduka mumusika wevashandi, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukusashanda uye kuderera kwechigadzirwa.
• Kutsamira pachikamu chimwe chete. Thailand inovimba zvakanyanya nechikamu chekushanya, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukusagadzikana kwehupfumi kana paine shanduko mukuda kwekushanya.
• Kuderera kwekukura kwevanhu. Thailand iri kusangana nekudzikira kwehuwandu hwevanhu, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kudzikira kwekudiwa kwezvinhu nemasevhisi uye kuderera kwekukura kwehupfumi.
• Thailand inofanirwa kutarisana nematambudziko akasiyana siyana ezvakatipoteredza, sekusvibiswa kwemhepo, kusvibiswa kwemvura, matambudziko emarara uye kuderera kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana. Matambudziko aya anogona kukonzerwa nezvakati wandei zvakaita sekukura kuri kuita hupfumi hwenyika, kuwedzera huwandu hwevanhu uye kuwedzera kudiwa kwezvinhu.
• Pachine matambudziko ekuwana dzidzo yevashandi muThailand, sekushaikwa kwemikana yekudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika uye kushaikwa kwekudzidziswa kwemamwe mapoka, akadai sevakadzi nevashandi vari muchikamu chisina kurongwa.

Kukurudzira hupfumi nehurumende yeThai

Hurumende yeThai yakatora matanho akati wandei ekusimudzira hupfumi, kusanganisira:

• Kupa zvikwereti zvemutero uye zvipo kumabhizinesi kukurudzira kudyara.
• Kusimbaradza hurongwa hwedzidzo nekudzidziswa kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwevashandi uye kuwedzera hunyanzvi.
• Kurudzira kutengesa kunze kwenyika nekutsigira kutora chikamu kwemakambani eThai mumitambo yepasi rose uye kusimbisa hukama hwekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika.
• Kukurudzira kushanya nekusimbisa zvivakwa uye kukwezva vashanyi kuburikidza nemashambadziro ekushambadzira.
• Kugadzira maindasitiri matsva, akadai seyepamusoro-tekinoroji indasitiri, kusiyanisa hupfumi uye kuderedza kutsamira pazvikamu zvishoma.
• Kugadzirisa matambudziko ari mumusika wevashandi nekusimbisa kuongororwa kwevashandi uye nekusimudzira kutaurirana kwakabatana.
• Kukurudzira bhizimusi uye kutsigira mabhizinesi madiki uye epakati kuti akurudzire kukura.

Kazhinji, hupfumi hweThailand hwakagadzikana uye hunoenderana-siyana, uye nyika inozivikanwa semutambi mukuru mudunhu reSoutheast Asia uye mumusika wepasi rose.