'Bumbiro rakakurumbira' ra1997 rakarasika
Thai Constitution Monument iri mumugwagwa weRatchadamnoen, Bangkok
Zvino nhaurirano pamusoro pekuvandudza bumbiro remitemo riripo nguva dzose dzichibuda munhau, hapana chakaipa kana tikatarira shure kubumbiro rekare rinorumbidzwa zvikuru ra1997. Bumbiro iroro rinozivikanwa se'bumbiro revanhu'zvimwe, rát-thà-tham-má-noen chàbàb prà-chaa-chon) uye ichiri chimiro chakakosha uye chakasiyana. Kakanga kari kekutanga uye kekupedzisira kuti vanhu vapinde muhurongwa hwekunyorwa kwebumbiro idzva. Izvi zvakasiyana zvikuru, semuenzaniso, bumbiro remitemo razvino, iro rinoumbwa kuburikidza nehurumende yejunta. Ndosaka zvakare kune masangano anoedza kudzoreredza chimwe chinhu chezvakaitika muna 1997. Chii chakaita kuti bumbiro remutemo ra1997 rive rakasiyana kudaro?
Bumbiro remutemo rakavapo sei?
Mushure memazuva ekuteura ropa muna Chivabvu 1992, nyika yaive, zvakare, ichinanzva maronda ayo. Munhambo ya1992-1994, kudanwa kwebumbiro idzva kwakawedzera, kutanga neboka duku revangwaru nevarwi. Rutsigiro rweizvi runokura zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakanyanya uye pakupera kwa1996 komiti inodomwa kuti inyore bumbiro idzva. Nhengo makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe dzakatora chikamu, kusanganisira nhume makumi manomwe nenhanhatu dzakabva kumapurovhinzi (mumiriri mumwe kubva kune rimwe nerimwe rematunhu makumi manomwe nematanhatu). Vanhu vanodarika zviuru gumi nezvipfumbamwe vange vanyoresa kunhumwa idzi kubva mudunhu iri, zvikuru magweta asiwo vemabhizimisi nevakuru vakuru vakasiya basa. Vanhu ava vakabvumidzwa kudoma vanhu gumi mudunhu rega rega, uye zvange zvave kuparamende kusarudza munhu mumwe chete kubva pasarudzo iyi pamunhu mumwe nemumwe. Idzi nhengo dze99 dzakawedzerwa nevadzidzi makumi maviri nenhatu vane ruzivo mundima yehutongi, hutongi hweveruzhinji, nezvimwe.
Pana January 7, 1997, dare iri rakatanga basa, makomiti maduku akarongwa kuti ashande mupurovhinzi imwe neimwe uye misangano yakaitwa. Gwaro rekutanga rebumbiro rakagadzirwa mukupera kwaKubvumbi. Iyi vhezheni yekutanga yakatsigirwa neruzhinji rwenhengo dze99 dzedare. Iyi pfungwa yekutanga yakazotaurwa zvakanyanya mumapepanhau. Mushure meimwe gakava rakasimba reruzhinji, kubvunzana uye kubvunzurudza, komiti yakauya nepfungwa yekupedzisira mukupera kwaChikunguru. Nemavhoti makumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri akatsigira, vana vavhota uye vatatu vasipo, komiti yakatambira gwaro rebumbiro iri ndokuripira kuparamende neseneti musi wa 92 Nyamavhuvhu.
Kuratidzira kudaidzira shanduko yebumbiro (Adirach Toumlamoon / Shutterstock.com)
Bumbiro idzva remitemo rakaunza shanduko huru kune (dzakasarudzwa) nhengo dzeparamende uye (kusvika panguva yakasarudzwa) nhengo dzeSeneti. Naizvozvo kuramba kwakasimba kwaitarisirwa, asi chaizvo muna Chikunguru 1997, dambudziko rakakura rakatanga nekudonha kweBaht. Dambudziko iri raizozivikanwa pasi rose seAsia Financial Crisis. Reformist akatora mukana wenguva iyi nekuisa dzvinyiriro huru: bumbiro idzva raizove neshanduko dzezvematongerwo enyika dzinofanira kudzikamisa huwori uye kuwedzera kujeka, uye nekudaro kupa zvishandiso zvinodikanwa kubuda mudambudziko.
Mashoko chaiwoiwo ebumbiro remitemo nokudaro akava asinganyanyi kukosha.
Nhengo dzeparamende idzi hadzinawo masimba ekuti dzigadzirise zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana kuitira kuti dzienderere mberi nekuzeya bumbiro remitemo. Sarudzo yaingove yekutendera kana kuramba. Paivewo netsvimbo kuseri kwegonhi: kana paramende yaramba bumbiro remitemo yenyika, referendamu yenyika yaizotevera kuti bumbiro rotambirwa here kana kuti kwete. Nemavhoti mazana mashanu nemakumi manomwe nemasere, 578 vachipikisa uye gumi nevanomwe varamba, paramende neseneti dzakatambira bumbiro idzva. Bumbiro idzva remitemo rakatanga kushanda muna Gumiguru 16.
Zvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru
Kodzero nerusununguko mubumbiro ndizvo zvaitengeswa, nzira itsva yakatorwa zvechokwadi. Mbiru mbiri huru dzebumbiro idzva dzaive:
- kuunza nzira dzekutonga dziri nani, kupatsanurwa kwemasimba uye kubuda pachena.
- kuwedzera kugadzikana, kushanda nesimba uye kururamisira kweparamende nedare remakurukota.
Chaive chakakosha kwaive kupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika kubva kumasangano akazvimirira. Saka imwe yakauya:
- Dare reConstitutional: kuyedza mhosva dzinopesana nemutemo wepamusoro wepasi)
- Ombudsman: kuongorora zvichemo uye kuzviendesa kudare kana kudare rebumbiro remitemo
- National Anti-Corruption Commission: kurwisa huori pakati penhengo dzeparamende, seneti kana vakuru vakuru.
- State Control (audit) Komisheni: yekuongorora uye kutonga kwemari nenhengo dzeparamende neseneti.
- National Human Rights Commission: kugadzirisa zvichemo zvevagari pamusoro pekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu.
- Kanzuru yeSarudzo: kuronga nekuona mafambiro akakodzera uye akanaka esarudzo
Aya masangano akazvimirira aifanira kushanda senzira iri nani yekutonga kuhurumende. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, seneti yakaita basa rinokosha pakugadza nhengo dzemasangano akazvimiririra ataurwa pamusoro apa. Izvi zvakatangirwa nehurongwa hwekusarudza hwakaoma hune mamwe makomiti eparamende kudzikamisa pesvedzero yezvematongerwo enyika.
Zvitsva zvakare ndezvekuti pasi pebumbiro idzva remitemo, seneti, dare reparamende risina divi ravakarerekera, harichagadzwa namambo kana hurumende, asi kubva zvino richizosarudzwa nevanhu zvakananga. Vanokwikwidza havafanire kuve vakabatana nebato rezvematongerwo enyika uye havagone kushanda kwematemu maviri akatevedzana.
Kune bumbiro idzva, komiti yakafuridzirwa nemuenzaniso weGermany, kusanganisira maererano nekuvhota, kufamba, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Imwezve shanduko yakakosha yaive yekuti, kuitira kuti dare remakurukota rive nekugadzikana, masimba akawanda akapihwa mutungamiri wehurumende. Vezvematongerwo enyika veThai zvakare vaiwanzochinja mapato ezvematongerwo enyika, izvo zvinodikanwa kuti vamiriri veParamende vaifanira kunge vari nhengo yerimwe bato mazuva makumi mapfumbamwe kusati kwatanga sarudzo chaifanirwa kudzivirira maitiro aya. Izvi zvakaita kuti isanyanya kukwezva kuputitsa mubatanidzwa nguva isati yakwana.
Muzvose, raive gwaro rine shanduko huru uye zvinhu zvakawanda zvitsva. Bumbiro iri rakanzi “Bumbiro revanhu” nekuti rakaumbwa nevatevedzeri vematunhu ese. Pakunyorwa kwegwaro rebumbiro, pakaitwawo misangano yakasiyana-siyana umo masangano, masangano nemapato akasiyana siyana. Kusvika panguva ino kwakanga kusati kwamboonekwa veruzhinji.
Sei "yakakurumbira bumbiro"?
Asi raitova bumbiro remitemo revanhu here? Bumbiro rakanyorwa nevanhu haringorevi bumbiro revanhu. Semuyenzaniso, pane ma question marks pamusoro pechisungo chekuti MP nenhengo dzeSeneti vanofanira kunge vaine madhipuroma edzidzo yepamusoro. Sekutaura kwekomiti iyi, vanhu vakawanda vakaratidza kuti vanoda mutemo wakadaro, asi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vagari vakapinda munhaurirano idzi vakadzidza zvikuru. Kupinza uye pesvedzero yeavhareji vagari vasina dzidzo yepamusoro inoshamisa, 80% yevagari vaive varimi, vashandi uye zvichingodaro, vakadonha zvishoma munzira.
Mitemo yekugovewa kwezvigaro muparamende yaitsigira mapato makuru, ayo akapihwa zvigaro zvakawedzerwa. Izvi zvakabva zvadzivirira kupatsanuka kweparamende nokudaro zvakapa kugadzikana, zvaitorevawo kuti zvaive zvakaoma kuti vashoma vawane mavhoti muparamende, sezvaizoitwa nemumiriri wekugovewa kwezvigaro.
Mitumbi mitsva "yasina kwayakarerekera" uye yakazvimiririra yakazadzwa nenyanzvi dzepakati peBangkok. Mupfungwa, vanhu vane ruzivo, vane chinangwa uye vanokwanisa vakadomwa, semuenzaniso, nhengo dzeDare reConstitutional Court dzakasarudzwa nenhengo dzedare, Dare Repamusorosoro, asiwo nedare reseneti. Mukuita, zvisinei, pesvedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika yaisagona kubviswa chose chose.
Kupidigura hurumende nebumbiro idzva:
Muna 2006, mauto akatora simba zvakare, achigadzirisa zvakawanda zvekuchinja kwepasi. Dare remauto pacharo rakabatanidza komiti yekunyora bumbiro idzva remitemo (2007), saka izvi zvakapesana zvikuru nebumbiro remutemo ra1997. Panzvimbo pekupa pfungwa huru yeruzhinji, aive zvino ave masimba-aizoisa hwaro hutsva, kuitira kuchengetedza kubata kwavo nesimba. Veruzhinji vaifanira kuita referendamu umo vaingofanira kusarudza kuramba kana kubvumidza bumbiro idzva. Pamusoro pezvo, vakuru vemauto vakayambira kuti vaizoramba varipo kana vanhu vakaramba bumbiro remitemo. Mishandirapamwe yekupikisa bumbiro idzva remuna 2007 yakarambidzwa…
Mushure mekutonga kwe2014, chiitiko chakafanana chakaitika maererano nebumbiro remutemo ra 2017. Senate yakaumbwa nemauto uye yakawanawo simba rakawanda (kusanganisira kuvhotera mutungamiri wehurumende). Dare redzimhosva rakasarudzawo nhengo dzemasangano 'akazvimiririra' akaita seElectoral Council uye chikamu cheDare reConstitutional Court, nokudaro vachisimbisa simba uye simba remasimba-aripo. Mugwagwa wakanga watorwa muna 1997 wakanga wapera zvakajeka.
iLaw uye nekupa siginecha inodaidzira kunyorwazve kwebumbiro, inotungamirwa naJon Ungpakorn (aimbova senator, mukoma weanopotera Jiles Ungpakorn, vese vanakomana veakakurumbira Puey Ungpakorn weThammasat University) - [kan Sangtong / Shutterstock.com]
Zvishandiso uye nezvimwe:
- Ngano uye chokwadi: iyo democratization yeThai zvematongerwo enyika. By Tamada Yoshifumi. Kyoto University Press (20009), ISBN 9781920901417.
- Dambudziko reThailand uye Kurwira Democracy. NaGiles Ji Ungpakorn. WDPress (2010), ISBN 9780956514509.
- http://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/Paper_on_the_1997_constitution_2.pdf
- https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Thailand_(1997)
- https://prachatai.com/english/node/9563
Dambudziko rekuramba richikundikana democracy muThailand harina kunyanya kuenderana nebumbiro remitemo, asi nechokwadi chekuti nyika haina mapato chaiwo ezvematongerwo enyika (FFT zvichida kunze). Mapato ezvematongerwo enyika eThai haana kuumbwa nemafungiro sezvatinoziva kumadokero, asi neprovince "godfathers" uye mhuri yavo yepedyo, vanogona kushandisa simba ravo remunharaunda kuti vawane mavhoti akawanda sezvinobvira. Nzvimbo yepati ine mazano akajeka emitemo haipo munyika iyoyo. Ndezvekuhwina uye zvasara ndezvechipiri.
Zvingave zvakanaka sei dai dare reseneti nemasangano akazvimiririra akanyatsozvimiririra kubva kune zvematongerwo enyika kubva mubumbiro remutemo ra1997. Sezvineiwo, seneti yakazadzwa nemhuri ye "godfathers" wepurovhinzi uye ivava vakasarudza nhengo dzemasangano akazvimirira.
Somuenzaniso, bumbiro remitemo ra1997 rakatungamirira kumamiriro ezvinhu anoenzana nezviri kuitika iye zvino. Hurumende, paramende, dare reseneti, dare rebumbiro, komisheni yehuwori zvose zvakabatana uye vakabatana mumasimba. Zvakanga zvisina kusiyana naThaksin, uyo akatora mukana webumbiro remutemo ra1997 nekuunza "godfathers" dzedunhu pasi pebato rimwe.
Chizvarwa chechidiki chinoda kuona shanduko dzakawanda, uye ndizvozvo. Zvinosiririsa kuti kuratidzira kwavo kwakanangana nenyaya dzinoda shanduko yakakura kwazvo munharaunda yeThai. Zvingadai zviri nani kudai vaingotarisa nezvehuwori uye kusaenzana munzanga. Kushanda nhanho nhanho pakuvandudza nzanga.
Wataura chokwadi, Petervz, nezve kutadza basa kwemapato ezvematongerwo enyika muThailand.
Ndinoda kuitsanangura zvishoma. Semuenzaniso, Thailand yaive neCommunist Party (1951 kusvika 1988) uye Socialist Party (1970? - 1976). Mapato ose ari maviri akarambidzwa. Muna Kukadzi 1976, Boonsanong Punyodyana, sachigaro weSocialist Party, akapondwa.
Iwe unotaura nezveFFT seyakasiyana. Zvinonzwisisika. Asi ndiwo chaiwo muenzaniso wekuti mapato ane chirongwa chakanaka haatenderwe. Bato reFFT, Future Forward Party, rakaparadzwa nezvikonzero zvisina musoro uye rava MFP Move Forward Party. Hupenyu hunoomerwawo nasachigaro wekutanga, Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit.
The Thai Rak Thai Party zvakare yaive nechirongwa chakanaka uye chakakosheswa chakaitwa nekukurumidza. Bato iroro rakapararawo. Ini handisi kuzoenda mune zvakawanda ... uye handizotaura mazita ...
Chero bedzi bumbiro remitemo riripo richiramba riripo (simba reseneti!), Handitendi kuti nhanho-nhanho yekuvandudza nzanga inogoneka.
Ndinotenda kuti chizvarwa chezvino, chechidiki chinoisa zvinangwa zvakanaka, hongu, dzimwe nguva shanduko huru, handifungi kuvandudzwa kwakakura. Vave kuzvibhadharira mujeri.
@Petervz,
Ndinogona kubvumirana nekuita uku uye ndinofunga kuti dambudziko riri muhurongwa uhwo vakwegura nemafungiro avo echinyakare vanogona kana kuti vachiri kushanda. Mumakore angangoita gumi vachange vari vanhu vaona nyika uye zvakare vanoziva kuti Thailand haisi chitsuwa. Mumakore achangopfuura, shanduko dzagara dzichienderera mberi, asi hadziite nhau kunze kwekunge dzisina kunaka. Pane mwenje pamagumo emugero asi usarega nguva ichinyanya kukosha.
Wataura chokwadi, Petervz, nezve kutadza basa kwemapato ezvematongerwo enyika muThailand.
Ndinoda kuitsanangura zvishoma. Semuenzaniso, Thailand yaive neCommunist Party (1951 kusvika 1988) uye Socialist Party (1970? - 1976). Mapato ose ari maviri akarambidzwa. Muna Kukadzi 1976, Boonsanong Punyodyana, sachigaro weSocialist Party, akapondwa.
Iwe unotaura nezveFFT seyakasiyana. Zvinonzwisisika. Asi ndiwo chaiwo muenzaniso wekuti mapato ane chirongwa chakanaka haatenderwe. Bato reFFT, Future Forward Party, rakaparadzwa nezvikonzero zvisina musoro uye rava MFP Move Forward Party. Hupenyu hunoomerwawo nasachigaro wekutanga, Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit.
The Thai Rak Thai Party zvakare yaive nechirongwa chakanaka uye chakakosheswa chakaitwa nekukurumidza. Bato iroro rakapararawo. Ini handisi kuzoenda mune zvakawanda ... uye handizotaura mazita ...
Chero bedzi bumbiro remitemo riripo richiramba riripo (simba reseneti!), Handitendi kuti nhanho-nhanho yekuvandudza nzanga inogoneka.
Ndinotenda kuti chizvarwa chezvino, chechidiki chinoisa zvinangwa zvakanaka, hongu, dzimwe nguva shanduko huru, handifungi kuvandudzwa kwakakura. Vave kuzvibhadharira mujeri.
Chinyorwa chakanaka, Rob V!
Nehurombo, bumbiro rakakurumbira rakafanana richaramba riri parunyorwa rwezvishuwo kwenguva yakareba iri kuuya, nekuti kwete Thailand chete asi dunhu rese rinotarisa kune yekuChina yekumanikidza modhi yekuitora kana kuisiya.
Chidimbu chakasimba chandinogona kuziva nacho. Iwe unotaura masangano akazvimirira, ona pazasi. Aya haasisiri akazvimiririra, asi akatorwa zvachose kana zvakanyanya nehutongi huripo. :
Dare reConstitutional: kuyedza mhosva dzinopesana nemutemo wepamusoro wepasi)
Ombudsman: kuongorora zvichemo uye kuzviendesa kudare kana kudare rebumbiro remitemo
National Anti-Corruption Commission: kurwisa huori pakati penhengo dzeparamende, seneti kana vakuru vakuru.
State Control (audit) Komisheni: yekuongorora uye kutonga kwemari nenhengo dzeparamende neseneti.
National Human Rights Commission: kugadzirisa zvichemo zvevagari pamusoro pekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu.
Kanzuru yeSarudzo: kuronga nekuona mafambiro akakodzera uye akanaka esarudzo
Ndizvo zvazvakaitawo pasi pebumbiro remutemo ra1997 mushure mekunge De Thai Rak Thai akunda. Dambudziko rezvematongerwo enyika pasina chero pfungwa. Iwo 2 marooms aisanzi marooms ePoea-mia pasina. Onawo mhinduro yangu pamusoro.
Icho ichokwadi, mudiwa Petervz, asi handikwanise kunzvenga pfungwa yekuti mushure mekupidigura hurumende muna 2014 masangano akazvimirira akasvika pakuvimba zvakanyanya nemasimba-akadaro.
Muenzaniso wakanaka wekushaikwa kwemafungiro inyaya yekuti vezvematongerwo enyika vanochinja kune rimwe bato vasina kurova ziso. Pane pfungwa yakanangwa mukati mepakati peFFT (KK), asi ikoko zvakare unoona vazhinji vanotora mukana, vazhinji vacho vava verimwe (hurumende). Kuchengeta chigaro chavo. Zvematongerwo enyika munyika muno zvaita manyama amire nerongo. Seneti yazvino imhinduro
Quote:
"Politics munyika muno manyama amire nerongo chaiwo."
Ndinobvumirana nazvo. Asi chokwadi coup ya2014 yaizopedza izvozvo? Chii chakakanganisika? Kana kuti ingori coup d'état?
Uye iko zvino yakamirira bhirioni mutsva (kana wekare) kuti ashumire vanhuwo zvavo…
Kutenga mavhoti? Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, vanhu vakatora mari kubva kubato vovhotera bato ravanoda. Ona chinyorwa muBangkok Post (2013):
https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/383418/vote-buying-claims-nothing-but-dangerous-nonsense
Kutenga mavhoti hakuna chimwe chinhu kunze kwehupenzi hune ngozi
Kumwe muna 2011, mudzimai wangu akandifonera achibvunza kuti ndingadyawo zvinonaka naye neshamwari dzake muresitorendi. Handina kukwanisa kuramba chipo ichocho.
Patafura paive nemadzimai angangoita 8. Ndakabvunza kana paiva nechimwe chinhu chokupemberera. Zvakanaka, vakati, takaenda kumusangano weDemocratic Practice uye tese takawana chiuru chebhati. 'Saka muchavhoterawo bato iroro here?', ndakabvunza. Kuseka 'Kwete kwete, tinovhotera Yingluck!' .
Ndizvo chaizvo nyaya isiri yechokwadi kuti varimi vakapusa ivavo vanotenga mavhoti, izvo zvinokanganisa kuvimba kwezvematongerwo enyika.
Ferdinand, verenga chinyorwa ichi kubva ku2013 Bangkok Post
https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/383418/vote-buying-claims-nothing-but-dangerous-nonsense
'Kupomerwa kutenga mavhoti hakuna maturo'
Muna 2011 mukadzi wangu akandifonera kana ndaida kunopinda dinner neshamwari dzake. Patafura paiva nemadzimai matanhatu ndichibva ndabvunza kuti vaipemberera. Vati mumwe nemumwe akagamuchira chiuru chebaht pamusangano webato reDemocratic Party. Ndakabvunza kana vaizovhotera izvozvo. 'Kwete', vakashevedzera pamwe chete, 'tichavhotera Yingluck'.
Vanotora mari vovhotera bato ravanoda.
Ini ndichabva ndareurura kuti ndinobata maUngpakorns, baba nevanakomana, zvakanyanya. Heti dzangu dzaenda kuJon neLaw, kunyangwe isati yabhadhara kana isati yabhadhara. Zvakakosha kuti tirambe tichitarisa kukosha uye kukosha kwekunyora bumbiro rakati dzikamei rine bumbiro remitemo rinobva pazasi-kumusoro.
Bumbiro re97 raive kuvandudzwa kukuru, risati riri rimwe gwaro rakaiswa kubva kumusoro (ipapo iwe unokurumidza kupedzisira uine monstrosity ye elitist rag), asi pakupedzisira mutemo une midzi kubva pazasi. Sezvineiwo, kupinza kubva pasi kungadai kwakave kuri nani kana boka repasi, varimi nevashandi, vaibatanidzwa zvakanyanya. Bumbiro remakumi mapfumbamwe nenomwe rinowedzera mamwe machena makora, ari nani epakati kirasi. Uye iyewo kazhinji anotarisa pasi varimi, vatengesi vemumigwagwa uye zvichingodaro. Bumbiro remitemo remakumi mapfumbamwe nenomwe rinoratidza kuzvidza kwakati vanhu ivavo, stereotype inonyatsozivikanwa yenyati dzakapusa dzinotengesa mavhoti adzo kuti dzipihwe. Kuti zvinhu zvakasiyana, kuti maplebs haatengese vhoti yavo kumunhu anonaya mamwe manotsi zana, asi kuti vanosarudza mumiriri wavanofungidzira kana kutarisira kuti vachaunza matanho uye mabhenefiti, zvakanaka ...
Asi pamwe zvakanyanya nezve izvo mune ramangwana chidimbu nezve democracy muThailand, umo ini ndinotarisira kubata nekutenga mavhoti, vanamwari uye basa revanozikanwa. Kana kuti vateereri veThailand Blog vanofanira kunge vaneta nezvidimbu zvangu pamusoro pedemokrasi pari zvino.. 😉 chimwe chinhu pamusoro pekodzero dzevanhu ipapo? Ipfupi bio yaJon naJiles? Kana kuti zvimwe tsvaga inonakidza Thai (m/f) yekubvunzurudza zvakare? 🙂
Ramba uchinyora nezve democracy, mudiwa Rob V. Zvichida nyaya yemumwe kana kupfuura yevaratidziri vechidiki avo vari mujeri zvino?
Iyo pfupi bio yaJon naJiles zvakare yakanaka. Ndakanyora nezve baba Ungpakorn pano.
https://www.thailandblog.nl/achtergrond/puey-ungpakorn-een-bewonderingswaardige-siamees/
Rob V., ini ndiri werusununguko-mufaro saka inzwa wakasununguka kuenderera nechidzidzo chako, ndichaita izvozvo nemabhuku echiThai uye nezvimwe zvinhu zvandinofarira. Vamwe vanofarira kunyora nezve vhiza mitemo uye corona shots, uye vamwe vanofarira kuona nhau. Saka iwe unoona kuti isu hatisi pre-yakarongwa marobhoti…
Ipapo iyi blog icharamba iri pamba uye kana paine asingadi kuiverenga, zvakanaka, vanongoidarika, handiti?
Ndatenda Rob,
Chimwe chinyorwa chinonakidza chekumashure.
Kare makambonyora paforum ino, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuti munoda bumbiro iri.
Ikozvino ndava kunzwisisa kuti sei uye ndinofunga kuti bumbiro ra1997 nderimwe, kana risiri iro rakanakisa bumbiro reThai remakore makumi mapfumbamwe apfuura.
Sezvineiwo, zvakabuda kuti bumbiro iri harisati riri vimbiso yekuti kune hutongi hwejekerere.
petervz inotoreva pamusoro petsika (yezvematongerwo enyika) umo zvido zverudzi rwakagadzikana zvine chinangwa chebudiriro kumunhu wese zviri pasi perutsigiro, dzinza remunhu nezvido zvake.
Chete kana tsika iyoyo yabatwa/kuitwa kuti isagoneke mubumbiro remitemo ndipo panogona kuva nedemocracy yakazara umo zvido zvevagari vese zvinotariswa.
Wadiwa Theo, haugone kushandura mutsigiri we (venzvimbo uye capital) vane mukurumbira vanoita zvese zvavanogona kuti vachengetedze chinzvimbo chavo chesimba uye pesvedzero, kunyangwe vakashevedzera "plebs" (uye hongu, hongu, ndinonyora izvozvo nekunyomba) .yekutora chikamu, rusununguko, democracy uye kugadzwa kwekodzero, zvinosungirwa uye zvichingodaro.
Asi zvinhu hazvisi zvenzira imwe chete traffic (ini ndichapfeka dialectical materialist hat), zvinhu zvinopesvedzera uye zvinochinjana. Saka bumbiro idzva remitemo rinogonawo kugadza muenzaniso wakanaka, kunyange kana mamiriro enzanga akarurama asati agadzirwa. Chero zvazvingava, pane zvidzidzo zvekudzidza kubva munyaya yakakomberedza 97 Bumbiro.