Hutano hweveruzhinji muThailand, nyaya yekubudirira
Thailand yakave nenhoroondo refu uye yakabudirira yekuvandudza hutano hweveruzhinji.
WHO, World Health Organisation, 2007
Vana vakawanda kwazvo vakanga vachifa kare ikako, uye takanga tisingazivi chikonzero nei.
Phasom Yunranatbongkot, anozvipira kwemakore makumi matatu
Vazvipiri ava ndivo musimboti weimwe yeanobudirira veruzhinji masisitimu ehutano pasi rose. Semuenzaniso, vakakonzera kuderera kukuru kwezvirwere zvinotapukira zvakadai seHIV, marariya uye dengue.
WHO, 2012
Vazvipiri vehutano mumisha
Regai nditange nekutaura pamusoro pevanozvipira mumisha, nokuti zvimwe ndivo vanobatsira zvikuru mukusimudzira utano hweveruzhinji, zvikuru vekumaruwa, uye zvinosuwisa kuti havasi kunyatsozivikanwa.
MuChirungu vanodaidzwa kunzi 'Village Health Volunteers' uye muchiThai, nechidimburidzo, อสม, 'oh sǒ mo'. Yakavambwa makore makumi mashanu apfuura nachiremba Amorn Nondasuta (iye zvino ane makore makumi masere nematatu), nhamba yavo pari zvino inomira pa83, imwe padzimba makumi maviri. Anowanikwa mumusha wega wega (zvinosuruvarisa kuti handina kukwanisa kuziva kuti anoshandawo mumaguta here, pamwe pane muverengi anoziva kana kuti anogona kubvunza? Handifungi kudaro).
Vazvipiri ava vakave nechokwadi chekuti hutano hwakakosha hwakagovaniswa zvakaringana. Munyika umo masimba anoburitsa hupfumi kubva kuBangkok, uyu mumwe wemienzaniso mishoma yechirongwa chakavakirwa munharaunda uye chenharaunda chinoshanda. Mabasa akasiyana-siyana evazvipiri ava anoratidza zvakajeka kuti vazhinji vane hanya uye vakazvipira kune zvakazara uye zvakabatana kufarira kweThailand.
Chii chinonzi hutano hwevanhu?
Hutano hweveruzhinji ndehwekudzivirira zvirwere, kurebesa hupenyu, uye kusimudzira hutano kuburikidza nekuedza kwakarongeka munharaunda. zvakakosha kudzivirira, mararamiro, magariro uye mamiriro emuviri uye hutano.
Kuchengetedza hutano mupfungwa yakatetepa (zvipatara, vanachiremba, maoparesheni nemapiritsi) ndicho chinhu chidiki chakakosha. Muzana remakore rechi19, hutano hwevanhu veDutch hwakavandudzwa nekusvetuka uye miganhu pasina zvikomborero zvesayenzi yemazuva ano, asi kuburikidza nekudzivirira zviri nani, mararamiro ane hutano, mvura yakachena yekunwa, hutsanana huri nani uye, kunyanya, kuwedzera ruzivo pakati pevanhu. Aya ndiwo mbiru dzehutano hwakanaka hweveruzhinji.
Dai waizovhara zvipatara zvese, hutano hweveruzhinji hwaisazodzikira zvakanyanya, ndinombotaura ndichiseka, asi pane tsanga yechokwadi mairi.
Nhamba dzacho
Ngatipei mifananidzo yakaoma. Kufa kwevana ndicho chiratidzo chakanyanya kukosha chehutano hwakanaka hweveruzhinji (nhamba dzese UNICEF, 2011; muThailand, kufa kwevana kwakawira nekukurumidza kupfuura nyika makumi matatu idzo dzanga dzakada kufanana padanho remagariro nehupfumi).
Kufa kwevacheche kusvika gore rimwe chete (pazviuru zvekuzvarwa mhenyu), gore uye nhamba
1990 29
2011 11
Kufa kwevacheche kusvika kumakore mashanu ezera (pazviuru zvevakaberekwa vapenyu)
1970 102
1990 35
2000 19
2011 12
Makore ekurarama (pakuzvarwa)
1960 55
1970 60
1990 73
2011 74
Kufa kwemadzimai mukusununguka (pa100.000 vanozvarwa vapenyu)
1990 54
2008 48 (avhareji yedunhu: 240)
Mamwe manhamba
- 96 muzana yevanhu vane mvura yokunwa yakanaka
- 96 muzana vane nzvimbo dzakakwana dzoutsanana
- 99 muzana yevana vose vakabayiwa nhomba
- 81 muzana yevakadzi vanoita zvepabonde vanoshandisa nzira dzekudzivirira kubata pamuviri
- Chikamu che99 kubva muzana chevakadzi vose vanowana rubatsiro rwekuzvara kamwechete uye 80 muzana kana
- Chikamu che100 muzana chevakadzi vose vanosununguka vachibatsirwa nenyanzvi
- 1 muzana yevana haina zvokudya zvakakwana zvinovaka muviri, 7 muzana haina zvokudya zvinovaka muviri zvine mwero
- 8 muzana yevana vane mwero kusvika kuhuremu hwakanyanya
- 47 muzana vanoshandisa munyu une iodine
HIV/AIDS uye kuwana rubatsiro rwehutano
Rega ndiwedzere zvimwe zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha. Thailand muenzaniso kune nyika kana zvasvika pakudzivirira, kutonga uye kurapwa kweHIV/AIDS. Pandakauya kuzogara kuThailand makore 14 apfuura, ndaienda kunopisirwa chitunha chemumwe munhu wechidiki mwedzi woga woga, asi zvinofadza kuti izvi zvave kushoma.
Makondomu neHIV inhibitors zviri nyore uye zvakachipa. Chechipiri ndechekuti anenge wese mugari weThailand akawana zviri nyore uye zvakachipa kuwana hutano mumakore achangopfuura, anga ari pasi pehafu yehuwandu makore makumi matatu apfuura. Kare, mhuri zhinji dzakawira muhurombo hwakanyanya nekuda kwekudhura kwemari yekurapa, asi rombo rakanaka nguva idzodzo dzapfuura.
Zvimwe zvikonzero zveiyi nyaya yebudiriro
Thailand saka yaita fambiro mberi huru muhutano hweveruzhinji munguva pfupi. Kufanoona, kuronga kwakanaka uye kurongeka, zvivakwa zviri kumaruwa ari kure uye hurongwa hunoshamisa hwevazvipiri ndiwo vane basa rekuita izvi.
The economic development yemakore achangopfuura ndiyo inokonzerawo kufambira mberi muhutano hwevanhu. Zvinoitawo sezvinokosha kwandiri kukura kwedzidzo. Kutozosvikira muna 1976, 80 muzana yavana vose vaipinda chikoro, asi avhareji yenhamba yamakore muchikoro yaingova ina bedzi! Iye zvino inenge 100 muzana yevana vose vanoenda kuchikoro uye vanogara ikoko kweavhareji yamakore 12 (kusanganisira dzidzo yepamusorosoro). Chikamu chinokosha chayo kosi yechikoro idzidzo mune zvakawanda zvehutano (Dzidzo yezvepabonde inosuwisa kuti yasara kumashure, HIV/AIDS iri kurapwa, uye nemazvo).
Zvimwe zvishoma nezvevazvipiri vehutano
Sangano iri, rakakurukurwa muchidimbu pamusoro apa, rakapa rubatsiro rwakakosha, zvichida chinonyanya kukosha, mukuvandudza hutano hwevanhu, kunyanya kumaruwa. Wese Thai anozviziva uye anovatenda.
Vanogashira mavhiki maviri ekudzidziswa, vanosangana pamwedzi, kana kakawanda kana zvichidikanwa, uye vanokwanisa kuwana hutano hwehutano hwekubvunzurudzwa uye zano. Ivo vanogamuchira mari yekubhadhara pamwedzi ye700 baht uye vane mukana wemahara wehutano. Vazvipiri vanowanzosarudzwa nekuda kwekuda kwavo zvinhu zvevanhu, mutsa wavo, chido chavo chekubatsira avo vanoshaya, kuwedzera kune ruzivo rwavo rwehutano nehurwere.
Mabasa avo akawanda, uye ini ndichataura akanyanya kukosha: kudzivirira, kuona matambudziko, kubvunzana nebazi repamutemo, ruzivo uye kukurudzira mararamiro ane hutano. Semuenzaniso, vanoshanyira vanhu vakwegura, vanhu vane zvirwere zvisingaperi seshuga neHIV, madzimai akazvitakura nemadzimai ane vana vachangozvarwa.
Vakaitawo basa guru muchirwere cheshiri furuwenza muna 2007-8. Idi rekuti vazvipiri munenge mumusha wega wega vakawana nekukurumidza uye kushuma kufa kwehuku kwakaita kuti Thailand ive nyika yakanyanya kukanganiswa muAsia.
Basa ravo mukuvandudza hutano hweveruzhinji mumakore makumi mashanu apfuura rave richikosha uye vanozvipira vanodada nazvo. Uye Thailand inogona kudada zvakaenzana nezvayakawana mumunda wehutano hweveruzhinji mumakumi emakore apfuura.
Sources:
Thomas Fuller, Vazvipiri Vanogadzira Kuchengeta kuri nani mumisha yeThailand, NYTimes, September 26, 2011
Arun Boonsang et al., New Primary Health Care muThailand, September 25, 2013
Sara Kowitt et al., A Qualitivity Chidzidzo pane zviitiko zveVazvipiri vehutano muThailand, Mahidol University, Gunyana 25, 2012
Komatra Chuensatiansup, MD, PhD, Vazvipiri vehutano muChimiro cheKuchinja, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, 2009
Basa reVazvipiri Vehutano Vemumusha muAvian Influenza Surveillance muThailand, WHO, 2007, ine tsananguro yebasa yakadzama yevazvipiri ava
http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/Thailand_statistics.html
Wadiwa Tina,
Ndinofanira kubvuma chokwadi kuti ini - ndinogara muBangkok - handina pfungwa yakawanda yekushanda kwevanozvipira kumaruwa mune zvekudzivirira hutano. Zvakadaro, hafu yeawa yeGoogling yakapa data rinotevera:
– pakati pa2000 na2011, nhamba yevanaamai vechidiki yakawedzera nezvikamu makumi mana nezvitatu kubva muzana;
- nhamba yevarwere veHIV/AIDS yakawedzerawo mumakore achangopfuura;
- nhamba yevaThais vanorwara nepfungwa iri kuwedzera zvakare. Dr. Surawit inofungidzira kuti 20% yeThais (chaizvo, 1 mu5) vane matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa (kusanganisira kuora mwoyo);
- kune dambudziko rinoramba richikura doro nezvinodhaka munyika ino (zvakare pakati pevanobva kunze!);
Mumwe wevanokurudzira zvikuru kusimudzira utano kumaruwa, VaMechai Viraviadya (avo vanozivikanwawo nezita rekuti VaKondomu) vanotenda kuti chimwe chezvikonzero zvinoita kuti hurongwa uhwu husimbe inyaya yekuti huipi hwacho hahusi kurwiswa kubva kumidzi yahwo. Uye mudzi urombo. Hurukuro yakanaka kwazvo naKuhn Mechai nezve pfungwa dzake inogona kuwanikwa pa content.healthaffairs.org/content/26/6/W670.full.
Wadiwa Hans.
Ndakaturikira izwi rekuti 'chirwere chepfungwa' sehurwere hwepfungwa. Handizivi kuti chii chakaipa nazvo. Ini ndinotaura kwandinobva uye handitore zvinhu zvenhando nekuti ini handizvizivi, asi ndinovimba nenyanzvi mune izvi. Tino anodaidza kudzivirira uye mararamiro zvikamu zvehutano hweveruzhinji uye ari right. Pamusoro pezvo, anoti vazvipiri vakabatsira zvakanyanya mukusimudzira hutano hweveruzhinji. Ndinoda kuwedzera mamwe mazwi maererano nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvisina kukosha zvemararamiro. Uye ndinobvumirana naKuhn Mechai kuti hutano hweveruzhinji hunogona kuwanikwa chete kana hurombo hwanyatsorwiswa, uye kwete kungokwidza muhoro wepasi kusvika pamazana matatu baht pazuva nepo mhomho dzeThais dzichishanda mudunhu risiri pamutemo kana ivo pachavo uye vasina basa rinobhadharwa. zvachose...
Ngazvive kure neni kutaura kuti zvese nezvehutano hweveruzhinji muThailand zvakakwana. Thailand zvirokwazvo iri kudzikira mune 'yakabudirira' chirwere chemaitiro: gomarara rakawanda uye chirwere chemoyo. Izvozvo hazvikanganisi kufambira mberi kukuru kwakaitwa mumakumi emakore achangopfuura.
Imwe nhamba pamusoro peHIV/AIDS. Muna 1991 pakanga paine nyaya itsva 143.000 2011, muna 9.700 dzaingova 2012 2016 uye idzi dzakanyanya kuitika mumapoka matatu ane ngozi, vanoshandisa zvinodhaka, pfambi nevatengi vavo, nevarume vanorara nevarume. Kunze kwaizvozvo, denda reHIV rinenge ratsakatika. Muna XNUMX, chirongwa chitsva chekudzivirira HIV chakatangwa kusvika XNUMX, chinonzi AIDS Zero, nerubatsiro rweUNAIDS uye yakatangwa naGeneral Yuttasak.
Handeyi nazvo …. kubva pa143.000 kusvika pa9.700...mumakore gumi. Zvinoita sezvisingabviri kwandiri. Nhamba mbiri idzi dzichanyanya kuenderana nenzira yekuverenga. Uye nzira yekuverenga inobva pane izvo munhu anoda kuwana nenhamba. Kushandisa kondomu pakati peThais kuchiri kushoma. Ndinoziva nezve 10 kesi dzaThais akafa neAIDS uye vese vakafa nemabayo kumba vasina kurapwa. Saka havasati vanyoreswa muhuwandu hweAIDS.
Mumakore makumi maviri, mudiwa Ivo. Huwandu uhu hunobva kumasangano akasiyana anoti WHO, UNAIDS pamwe naVaMechai (MR.Condom). Zvitsva zveHIV/AIDS: 20 muna 2007; 14.000 2010; 11.000 2012. Sei 'zvisingabviri zvakanyanya'? Tsvakurudzo yakawanda yakaitwa pane izvi; Huwandu uhu, uye zvamazvirokwazvo maitiro (kuderedzwa ne9.000 muzana kwenyaya itsva mumakore makumi maviri), ndizvo chaizvo, hapana chikonzero chekukahadzika izvozvo. Ehezve pane kumwe kusareporterwa, hapana anoziva kuti yakawanda sei, pamwe yakawanda muna 90 kupfuura ikozvino. Kushandisa kondomu pakati pevadiki Thais i20 muzana, idiki kwazvo asi isiri shoma.