Nhau kubva kuAncient Siam (Chikamu 3, Kuvhara)

Vanhu vokune dzimwe nyika vaiona sei Siam kare? Andrew Freeman (1932): 'Vanhu ava havagone kuzvitonga. Tarisa kuti vanoita sei zvinhu. Vekumabvazuva havambofa vakaonga zvavakaitirwa nemurungu.' Nyaya gumi nenhanhatu dzakatevedzana, dzakaturikirwa naTino Kuis.

Nyaya pfupi idzi dzinobva mukabhuku kane musoro unoti 'Tales of Old Bangkok, Rich Stories From the Land of White Elephant'. Iwo akanyorwa zvisina kurongeka maererano nenguva, nzvimbo uye chidzidzo. Ndakangosiya zvakadaro. Kwakabva nyaya imwe neimwe kutaurwa, asi ndangotaura munhu negore.

George B. Bacon, 1892

Vana veSiamese ndizvo zvinhu zvidiki zvinonakidza zvandinoziva. Vakandiroya kubva pakutanga, asi zvinondirwadza kuti rimwe zuva vachanyangara sezvakaita madzibaba naamai vavo, uye ndizvo zviri kutaura!

Ernest Mudiki, 1898

Iyo chete dunhu remukati menyika ndiyo refu nhete bazaar inozivikanwa seSamphaeng. Inenge makiromita maviri kureba uye ine vanhu vakavhengana zvikuru veIndia, Siamese neChinese.

Iyo refu nhete yebhazari ine zvayo zvinokwezva. Zvese zvigadzirwa zvemuno zvinouya pamwechete pano, uye vanhu vakati wandei vanogara vachidzidzira hunyanzvi hwavo hwekuzvarwa pano. Vapfuri vesimbi nevaruki vakabatikana nebasa ravo, vapfuri vegoridhe nevapfuri vesirivha vanogadzira mabhokisi nezvishongo zvevashandi vakapfuma nematombo anokosha vanocheka matombo kuti agadzirwe kuita zvishongo.

Zviratidziro zvemapepi uye mitambo yakavhurika inobvumira isina basa kuti irembedze uye nyuchi dzakabatikana dzichijambirana mumigwagwa isina kuenzana, yakaoma-yakarongwa. Pakati pousiku zvitoro zvinovharwa, asi nzvimbo dzokubhejera, maopium nedzimba dzepfambi zvinozadzwa navakaderera zvikurusa veboka rakaderera.

Sunthorn Phu mu 'Nirat Retch'

(Nyanduri, 1786-1855)

MuBang Luang pamugero mudiki, maChina mazhinji anotengesa nguruve dzavo. Vakadzi vavo vadiki, vachena, vakanaka uye vakapfuma. Varume veThai vakaita seni, vangakumbira ruoko rwavo muwanano, vanovharirwa kunze sekunge kuseri kwesimbi. Asi kana uine mari, sezvakaita maChina aya, mabhawa iwayo anongonyungudika.

Ernest Mudiki, 1898

Kushaikwa kwemasurname nenhamba dzedzimba kunokonzera matambudziko akawanda pakutumira matsamba. Kazhinji envelopu inoda kugadziriswa sezvinotevera:

Kuna VaLek
Mudzidzi paChikoro Chenguva dzose
Mwanakomana waVaYai, musoja
Pazasi peBlack Bridge
Kuseri kweTemberi yeLotus
New Road, Bangkok

Charles Buls, 1901

MaChina anoshevedzera zvakanyanya uye anoshanda nesimba. VaSiamese vakadzikama uye vanopfuura vakanyarara.

Kubva mubhuku raGustave Rolin-Jaequemyns, 1893

(Chipangamazano weBelgian waMambo Chulalongkorn. Ngarava mbiri dzehondo dzeFrance dzakapisa Chao Phraya kuti dzisimbise kutaura kweFrench munzvimbo dziri paMekhong, yava kunzi Laos.)

Munhu wose aiita seaora mwoyo. Mambo akandibvunza chandaifunga kuti chaizoitika, uye Richelieu (mukuru weDanish weuto rengarava reSiamese) akakarakadza kushandisa ngarava mbiri dzeSiamese kunyudza ngarava dzeFrance.

Ndakabvunza kana paiva nemikana ipi neipi yokuti kuvhiyiwa kwakadaro kwaizobudirira. Haana kukwanisa kuwana mhinduro yekusimbisa pamuromo wake. Ndosaka ndakakurudzira zvakasimba pamusoro pekuvhiya uku, kwandisingatombotsigire kana budiriro yakavimbiswa.

Kana ikabudirira zvaizoreva hondo uye ikasabudirira zvaizokonzera kubhomba kweBangkok nemuzinda. Mhinduro yangu yakanga iri yokuti, mufariro dzeguta, tinofanira kurega kurwisana.

Emile Jittrand, 1905

MaFrench anovhengana zvakanyanya nevagari vemo kupfuura maBritish; havasi kure seapashure. Nokuvanza zvakavanzika uye nehasha vanozviita vamene kuzvidzwa nevagari vemo.

James Anderson, 1620

(Chiremba, kubva kumagwaro eBritish East India Company.)

Kubhejera kwakanga kusiri iko utera hwega mumazuva iwayo sezvinoonekwa netsamba dzeKambani. Pane zvirevo zvehutsvina, zvirwere zvisingataurwi, kudhakwa nemabhata mutsamba dzinobva kuvashandi veKambani.

Zvichida tsika dzakanga dzakaderera kupfuura zvadziri nhasi. Tinofanira, kunyanguvezvo, kutonga maRungu aya netsitsi, tichirangarira kutapwa kwavo nemhoteredzo yavo zvakasiana zvikuru nemusha wavo wechiRungu, uye vanoratidzirwa kumiedzo mitsva mizhinji.

Andrew Freeman, 1932

'Pakagadzirwa mugwagwa uyu, zvitima hazvina kufamba usiku nekuda kwekudhumhana kwakawanda nenzou.'
“Unotamba,” ndakadaro.
Murungu akadira zvakare.
“Kwete,” akaenderera mberi achiti, “panofanira kuva nemutemo unoti nzou dzipfeke marambi ekumberi nemapombi.
'Mwari wangu dai taidzora Siam taivadzidzisa kuti kunyatsoshanda chii. Vanhu ava havagone kuzvitonga.”
'Kuregererei?' ndakabvunza.
“Zvakanaka, tarisa kumativi ako. Tarisa kuti vanoita sei zvinhu. Vekumabvazuva havambofa vakatenda zvavakaitirwa nemurungu ndosaka. Kudai taizoita sevaSiamese, chii chaizoitika kwatiri?'

Kubva mundangariro dzaPrince William weSweden, 1915

(Mushure mekupinda mukugadzwa kwaMambo Rama VI.)

Zuva rakatevera, rokupedzisira regore, takasvikazve muBangkok taneta asi takachengeteka, tichingova nendangariro dzakanaka dzokuvhima kunofadza. Nyanga dzenyati kubva kuBan Chee-wan dzave pakati pezvidadisa zvemikombe yangu yekuvhima nekuti sekuziva kwangu, Leewenhaupt neni ndisu chete takambopfura rudzi urwu rwemhuka dzeSiamese. Uye mune ramangwana zvichava zvakanyanya kuoma, uye zvichida kunyange zvisingabviri, nokuti kurambidzwa kwekuvhima kuri kuuya kune mhuka idzi dzinenge dzakaparara.

Nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo yehurumende, November 7, 1939

Zvinoenderana neFifth Edict, hurumende inokumbira vese Thais kuti vadye ma noodles nekuti ma noodles chikafu chakanaka, ane mupunga nenzungu, zvese zvine kuvava, munyu uye kutapira kuravira uye zvese zvinogadzirwa muThailand. Manoodles ane hutano, akachena, akachipa, ari nyore kutenga uye anonaka.'

Nguva, November 24, 1947

'Phibun Sonkraan (general who took power in 1946) akarambidza maSiamese kubuda mumigwagwa vasina heti kana shangu, kubva kutsenga betel, kugara kana kugwara mumugwagwa, kana kupfeka panung. Mumifananidzo yepamutemo, shangu neheti zvaive nemavara pamifananidzo yevarimi.

Phibun akarairawo kuti vane mahofisi vanofanira kutsvoda vakadzi vavo vasati vaenda kumahofisi avo. Vaityora mitemo iyi vaiendeswa 'kumisasa yedzidzo'.

(Panung: zvipfeko zvechivanhu zvevarume nevakadzi: jira rinoputirwa muhudyu rozosungwa pakati pemakumbo kumashure.)

Magazini yeTIME, 1950

Ananda (Rama VIII, 1925-1946) aive mambo wechidiki anoshamisa. Azere nepfungwa dzekuMadokero, akaramba kutaura nevashanyi vakagara pasi pechigaro chake pamberi pake, nzira yeSiamese. Akada kuti vagare pazvigaro zvakakura zvakangofanana naye.

Neue Zurcher Zeitung, Kubvumbi 15, 1950

Mangwanani aJune 9, 1946, nhau dzakapararira muguta kuti mambo muduku akanga awanikwa akafa mukamuri yake yokurara ane ronda rebara mumusoro make. Yaiva tsaona here? Kuzviuraya here? Kana kuti mhondi?

Paive nekupokana pane imwe neimwe yezvisarudzo zvitatu izvi. Pane avo vakasimbirira kuti Ananda Mahidol akanga achitya mabasa makuru uye mabasa akaoma akamumirira. Pakupedzisira, kunyumwira kwakatendeukira kuboka revezvamatongerwe enyika vanoda chinzvimbo avo vaifungidzirwa kuva vavariro yokubvisa umambo.

Associated Press, 1952

Mambo Bhumiphol Adulyadej nhasi vakasaina bumbiro idzva reThai rakaziviswa neuto remauto iro rakapidigura hurumende mwedzi mina yapfuura mukuvhota kusina ropa.

Mambo akanga aripo pamhemberero dzakadzama dzakatanga na11 o'clock chaidzo, nguva yaionekwa seyakanaka zvikuru nevazivi venyeredzi.

Nezuro, Radio Bangkok yakazivisa kuti mhemberero yakanga yambomiswa asi mauto akakurudzira mambo kuti achinje pfungwa dzake. Marshal Sarit akaburitsa pachena kuti nemusi weMuvhuro, na11 o'clock manheru, General Thanom Kittichachorn, wechipiri-mukuru wemauto, akasangana namambo. Achibvunzwa kuti mambo aifungei nezve coup, Sarit akapindura kuti: “Mambo anofanira kutaura kutii, zvinhu zvose zvakanga zvatopera.

Alfred McCoy, 1971

Iyo 'opium war' pakati paPhao (mukuru wemapurisa) naSarit (mukuru uye mutungamiriri wehurumende) yaiva hondo yakavanzika apo hondo dzose dzakavanzwa pasi pechivharo chehurumende. Kusarudzika kunonakidza kwakaitika muna 1950 apo mumwe wemauto eSarit akasvika pachiteshi muLampang aine opium.

Mapurisa echiPhao akakomberedza convoy iyi achida kuti mauto apihwe mushonga uyu nekuti kurwisa zvinodhaka ndiro basa remapurisa chete. Mauto paakaramba uye akatyisidzira kuti aizopfura achipinda mukamba, mapurisa akauya nepfuti ndokuchera kuti adzime moto.

Kumira kwekutya kwakatora mazuva maviri kudzamara Phao naSarit pachavo vazviratidza muLampang, vakatora opium, vakaiperekedza pamwe chete kuBangkok uko yakanyangarika chinyararire.

Kunobva:
Chris Burslem Ngano dzeOld Bangkok, Dzakapfuma Nhau Kubva Kunyika YeWhite Elephant, Earnshaw Books, Hong Kong, 2012.

Nhau kubva kuAncient Siam (Chikamu 1) yaive paThailandblog munaGunyana 24; Nhau kubva kuAncient Siam (Chikamu 2) musi waSeptember 28.

Mifananidzo: Tableaus at the Thai Human Imagery Museum, 43/2 Mu.1, Pinklao Nakhon Chasi Road, Nakhon Pathom. Tel. +66 34 322 061/109/607. Mufananidzo wekutanga: Madzimambo masere edzinza rekwaChakri; Rama IX, mambo aripo, haana kubatanidzwa. Mufananidzo wemukadzi muPanung hauna kutorwa mumuseum.

Ona mifananidzo yeSiam yekare pano.