Mambo Naresuan Mukuru

Monument yaMambo Naresuan muAyutthaya

Muna Ndira wegore rega rega, imwe ye Tairendimagamba makuru ekare mambo Naresuan Mukuru, anowanzo remekedzwa muAyutthaya. Asi kunyanya muPitsanulok, yaimbova guta guru reSiamese empire.

Ndiye muvambi weSiamese Empire, iyo yaaifanira kurwira hondo dzakawanda. Nehungwaru hwechiuto, aive nehunyanzvi uye akangwara, ari "muvambi" wehondo dzemagandanga uye nzira dzepasi rinopisa. Mafirimu akati wandei eThai akaitwa nezvehupenyu hwake muzana ramakore rechi 16/17, izvo zvakakonzera budiriro huru yebhokisi. Iyi ndiyo nyaya yehupenyu hwake:

Mambo Naresuan akaberekwa Muchinda Naret muna Kubvumbi 25, 1555 muPitsanulok naMambo Maha Thammaraja nemukadzi wake Wisutkarat Phra Chan. Baba vake vaiva muchinda ane simba kubva kuSukhothai, akazova mambo muna 1548 uye akatonga kusvika 1568. Muchinda Naret akazozivikanwa seBlack Prince, kusiyana nemunun'una wake Ekathotsarot, ainzi White Prince. Mukoma wake Supankanlaya aizivikanwa seGoridhe Princess.

Muna 1563 Mambo Baynnaung wePegu, nyika yeBurmese, akakomba guta rePitsanulok uye Mambo Maha Thammaraja aifanira kubvuma. Humambo hweSukhothai hwakava nyika yevassal yePegu. Maha Thammaraja akaramba ari mambo, asi sechivimbiso chekuvimbika kwake kuna mambo wePegu, vanakomana vake vaviri vakatapwa uye vakadzidzazve mudare raMambo Baynaung. Vainyanya kudzidziswa martial arts eBurmese nePortuguese, izvo zvaizobatsira kuti Prince Naret akunde chiBurmese chimwe chete. Muna 1569 Ayutthaya akapambwawo ndokutorwa namambo wePegu uye akaitawo Maha Thammaraja mambo weiyi vassal state. Mugore rimwe chetero, machinda maviri Naret naEkathotsarot vakasunungurwa kubva muhusungwa muPegu vachichinjana naPrincess Suphankanlaya, uyo akazova mudiwa waBayinnaung.

Chivezwa chematanda chenzou yaMambo Naresuan ichirwa neCrown Prince yeBurma paDon Chedi Memorial.

Pazera ramakore gumi nemana, Muchinda Naret akagadzwa kuva Mambo wePitsanulok nababa vake uye akanzi Mambo Naresuan. Anofanira kuchengetedza rutivi rwekuchamhembe rweumambo kurwisana neKhmer, yaanokunda muhondo dzakawanda. Nokudaro anowana mukurumbira wakanaka somukuru wemauto anotyisa. Zvisinei, Naresuan anonyatsoziva kuti anogona kubata Khmer, asi haazombokwanisi kurwisa mauto eBurma. Midziyo yavo uye nhamba inodarika iyo yemauto eAyutthaya uye muhondo Naresuan aizorasikirwa. Nekuda kwekudzidziswa kwake kwechiuto kwakakura muPegu, Naresuan anotarisa pamatekiniki matsva muhurongwa hwemauto. Anoumba uto revazvipiri, vaanodaidza kuti Wild Tigers, avo vanofanirwa kurwa nekumhanya kusati kwamboitika uye nekushamisika. Akasika, sekutaura, uto remagandanga, kunyange zvazvo, hongu, rakanga risina kunzi panguva iyoyo.

Muna 1575, mauto akanga akazara uye akarongeka, nhare dzeAyutthaya dzakagadziriswa uye dzakasimbiswa, uye ndipo apo Naresuan, nemvumo yababa vake, akaparadza ukama naPegu. Mauto eBurma anobva aenda kuchamhembe kwehumambo neuto guru kuti adzorere runyararo. Nzira itsva yava kushandiswa naNaresuan, inova nzira yepasi rinopisa. Iri zano idzva rinowira pasi pekudzokera kwaNaresuan zvine hunyanzvi, asi achisiya minda yakapiswa, misha nemataundi kune mauto eBurmese ari kufambira mberi. Mombe dzacho dzinotorwa naNaresuan kana kuti dzoiswa muchetura ipapo. Nekuenderera mberi kwekurwisa kwemagandanga kubva pakuvandira, mazana evaBurmese anourayiwa. Vamwe vakanga vasara vakaodzwa mwoyo kwete nokurwiswa ikoko chete, asiwo nenzara zvokuti mauto eBurma akazopedzisira abuda zvachose. Naresuan ndiye aive mukundi mukuru nekuda kwemaitiro ake matsva.

Monument yaMambo Naresuan paWat Yai Chai Mongkhon muAyutthaya

Mambo Bayinnaung anofa muna 1581 uye mwanakomana wake Nanda Bayin anomutsiva. Makore maviri gare gare, hondo pakati penyika mbiri idzi inotanga zvakare. Madzimambo maviri aya anozivana kubva panguva yakasungwa Naresuan muPegu uye havasi shamwari chaidzo. Nayin Bandin anoraira mwanakomana wake Minchit Sra kuteya nekuuraya Naresuan. Zvisinei, Naresuan anoziva nezvezvirongwa izvi, zvaakaudzwa neshamwari mbiri dzekare dzedare raPegu. Hondo yeRwizi rweSittoung yakatevera, umo Naresuan anobudirira kuuraya mukuru weuto reBurma nepfuti yakanangwa mhiri kwemvura. Minchit Sra anobva asiya kurwa ndokudzokera.

Mugore rimwe chetero, Naresuan akaraira kuti maguta ese ekuchamhembe anosanganisira Pitsanulok abviswe sezvo yaive pamberi pehondo pakati peAyutthaya nePegu. Nanda Bayin haanyatso kukanda mapfumo pasi, nekuti kumwe kurwiswa kwakati wandei paAyutthaya kunotevera mumakore anotevera, ayo anogara achidzingwa naNaresuan, kunyanya nekuda kwemaitiro ake echiuto. Mushure mehondo ye1586, Naresuan anoenda kuchamhembe ndokutora Chiang Mai, guta guru reumambo hweLanna.

Musi waChikunguru 29, 1590, parufu rwababa vake, Naresuan akagadzwa korona saSomdet Phra Sanphet II, Mambo weAyutthaya. Minchit Sra anobva aedza kurwisa Ayutthaya zvakare uye anofambira mberi nePass yeVatatu Pagodas (Dan Chedi Sam Ong), asi zvakare uto rake rakamedzwa uye anofanira kudzoka.

Tsanangudzo yeDon Chedi monument muSuphan Buri

Zvinoita sekunge pasina kupera kwekurwiswa kweBurma, nekuti muna 1592 inorova zvakare. Minchti Sra, zvakare anofamba achipfuura nemuPass yeVatatu Pagodas uye anosvika kuSuphanburi pasina kupokana. Naresuan yakamira muNong Sarai uye hondo inopfuta ipapo. Kunouya pakurwa kunotyisa, uko nzou dzinorovera kumativi ose uye dzinokonzera kutya. Kuda kurwa kwakanaka, Naresuan anodenha Minchit Sra kune duel yega. Mumwe nemumwe akatasva nzou, vanopinda muhondo inozivikanwa seYuttahhadhi (hondo yenzou), uye muna Ndira 18, 1593 Mincht Sra anokundwa ndokuurayiwa naNaresuan. Zuva iri richiri kupembererwa muThailand kusvika nhasi seZuva reMauto.

Naresuan anobva atendeukira kumabvazuva kunorwa neKhmer. Mauto mana akatumirwa kuti afambe nomuChampasak (kumaodzanyemba kweLaos), Banteymas (zvino yava Ha Tien) muVietnam, Siem Reap neBattambang kuenda kuLovek, iro rakanga riri dzimbahwe reCambodia kubvira muna 1431. Lovek anopambwa zvachose neuto raNaresuan. Mambo weCambodia, Borommaraja V anofanira kutizira kuViang Chan. Naresuan anotora mukoma wake Sri Suriyopor senhapwa uye mwanasikana wamambo satenzikadzi wake.

Muna 1595, Naresuan akarwisa Pegu ndokurikomba kwemwedzi mitatu. Kurwiswa ikoko kwakasemwa neuto rakabatanidzwa revatongi veAva, Pyay naToungo, zvichimanikidza Naresuan kuti adzoke. Muna 1599 Pegu akarwiswa zvakare, asi mutongi weToungoo akatya kuti kutorwa kwaPegu kwaizopa Ayutthaya simba rakawandisa uye akatora Pegu ndokutora mambo Nanda Bayin. Naresuan akazosvika Pegu, ndokuwana yaparara zvachose. Uyezve, paakarwiswa nemutongi weToungo, Naresuan aitofanira kutiza.

Mugore ra1600, humambo hweAyutthaya hwakanga hwasvika pahupamhi hwahwo uye hwaive simba repamusoro muSoutheast Asia. Mambo Naresuan akafa musi waKubvumbi 25, 1605 muWiang Haeng (yava kunzi amphoe muChiang Mai Province), pamwe nechirwere chibhokisi. Mambo Naresuan akakodzera zvakakodzera zita rekuti Mukuru, nekuti aive mumwe wevakuru vemauto muSoutheast Asia uye akaunza humambo kubudiriro huru. Iye zvakare anotorwa mumoyo yavo neThais seMukuru, akakunda Khmer, akakunda Burma uye akaita Ayutthaya mukuru.

Yakaturikirwa kubva kuGerman mushure mechinyorwa chaDr. Volker Wangemann mu "Der Farang"