Nhoroondo yeThai Railways
Kutakurwa kwezvinhu uye vanhu Tairendi zvakaitika pamusoro penzizi nemigero kana pamusoro penyika kwemazana emakore nemhuka dzakaita senzombe, nyati, mabhiza, nzou dzine mahowdah nengoro dzemabhuru.
Kutakurwa kwenjanji kwepamba kwaisazivikanwa muThailand kusvika kusvika muzana ramakore rechi 19. Aive Mambo weThai Chulalongkorn (Rama V), uyo nevazhinji vake kufamba inonyatsoziva nezvehunyanzvi uye maindasitiri ekuvandudza muAsia neEurope, akatanga kuvandudzwa kweThai njanji. Nharembozha yechitima haingogadzirise kutaurirana kwemumba, izvo zvaizobatsira vanhu uye hupfumi, asi zvakare yaizove nzira yakanaka yekudzivirira nharaunda yeThai kubva pakuwedzera kwekoloni kwaiitika munyika dzakavakidzana.
Muna Gumiguru 1890, Mambo Chulalongkorn akabvumidza kugadzwa kweBazi reChitima, uye muna 1891 njanji yekutanga yakatangwa mune yainzi panguva iyoyo Siam, kubva kuBangkok kuenda kuNakhon Ratchasima. Chitima chekutanga kubva kuBangkok kuenda kuAyutthaya chakamhanya munaKurume 26, 1894 uye network yenjanji yakawedzera kuwedzera.
Zuva raBaba Chitima Chitima Chitima Kukwira - KITTIKUN YOKSAP / Shutterstock.com
Ministry of Railways yakakamurwa kuita madhipatimendi maviri, Northern neSouthern Railways. Iyo Northern Railways yaitarisira njanji kumadokero kweRwizi Chao Phaya uye Southern Railways yaive nebasa rakafanana renjanji kumabvazuva kwerwizi. Vazhinji vekuEurope vaishanda mumadhipatimendi ese ari maviri, ayo akazoonekwa seanodhura zvakanyanya. Madhipatimendi ese ari maviri akabatanidzwa muna 1917 ndokuva Royal State Railways yeSiam.
Dambudziko rehunyanzvi rakamuka mukumwe kuvandudzwa kwenjanji. Iyo yaimbove yeNorth Railways yaive negeji yemamita 1,4435 uye iyo Southern Railways yaishandisa chivanhu chepasi rose 1,00 metres geji. Izvo zvakanga zvisina kunaka pakuvandudzwa kwenjanji pamwe chete uye neRoyal Decree hupamhi hwenjanji yenyika yose hwakaiswa pamamita 1,00, zvakafanana nehupamhi hwenjanji muMalaysia, Burma neCambodia. Kugadziriswa kwese 1,4435 m njanji kwakatora makore gumi uye kwakapedzwa muna 1930.
Kusvika 1910, kupera kweRama V nguva, 932 makiromita enjanji dzakavakwa. Kuwedzera kwakaenderera mberi pasi pemadzimambo anotevera, zvekuti muna 1946 njanji yemakiromita 2518 yakapedzwa. Izvi zvingadai zvakatora nguva yakareba dai Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri isina kutanga. Njanji muThailand ipapo dzakatambura zvikuru nokubhomba kwakawanda. Zvivakwa zvakawanda, mabhiriji, midziyo yechitima, njanji zvakaparadzwa uye zvese zvaifanira kugadziriswa nekuvakwazve mushure mehondo.
Imwe shanduko nyowani yaive mutemo wepamutemo we1952, uko panguva iyoyo zita repamutemo razvino State Railway yeThailand inomuka kubva. Iyo njanji network parizvino iri pamusoro pe4100 km kunzvimbo dzese dzeThailand. Ndiyo zvakare mukuru wehurumende mushandirwi ane vanopfuura 26.000 vashandi.
Standard gauge ndeye 144,5 cm uye ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pasi rose. 1 mita yenjanji inonzi narrow gauge.
MuSwitzerland, izvi zvinowanzowanikwa munzvimbo dzine mhepo. (kusanganisira network yeRhaetian Railway)
Ndakaverenga kuti panguva iyo sarudzo yemamita 1 yetrack muThailand yakaitwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehupfumi. Narrow gauge yakachipa zvakanyanya kugadzira pane standard geji.
Narrow gauge (mita 1) haikodzeri mitsara yekumhanya.
Hanzi,
Iyo njanji mwero hupamhi ndeye 143,5 cm.
Uyezve, kune yakafara track hupamhi muEurope (Spain, Finland, Russia, Ireland).
Uyewo mitsetse mishoma ye100 cm, pano neapo.
Yekutanga njanji muThailand yakavakwa nekambani yeGerman mu143,5 cm.
Ndinotenda munguva yehondo yenyika yekutanga, kuvakwa kwakatorwa nekambani yeChirungu, iyo yakashandisa 100 cm upamhi, seIndia, Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia.
Mhedzisiro yacho ndeyekumhanyisa kumhanya kwakanyanya, yakaderera axle mutoro, uye zvimwe zve izvo zvinodzivirira zvinhu.
Rega ndidzoke kuna Mario zvishoma.
Kuvakwa chaiko kweHSL Asd-Bd-Belgium kwakatora makore matatu chete nemwedzi mipfumbamwe.
Nguva yakawanda yakarasika nekuda kwekutenga kwevhu, kunetseka nezve pesvedzero yechitima (ERTS) uye yakajairwa Dutch sideliness uye nharaunda freaks.
Ini ndinobheja maThai haapinde mumatambudziko akadaro.
Uye maChinese zvechokwadi anokwanisa kuvaka HSL kusvika ku3 km / h ine chinhambwe che4-250 km mumakore 400-600.
Dambudziko hombe ringave Bangkok, uye kana Suvarnibhumi ikasarudzwa sechiteshi muBangkok, pane kamwe kamwe dambudziko diki.
Sezvineiwo, zvichienderana nepasi, zvinogona kana kusave zvakakosha kutyaira murwi paunenge uchishandisa magita ekongiri.
Iko kukwanisa kweiyo pasi pevhu kuti idonhe inotarisa rudzi uye hukuru hwezvikamu zvematombo akapwanyika, uye izvi zvinotarisa rudzi rwevarara, simba renjanji.
Sezvineiwo, kupihwa tekinoroji nyowani yedhiziri locomotives, iyo inomhanyisa inogona kusvikwa padanho reHSL, zvinogoneka kuti maChinese achafunga kuvaka network yedhiziri.
Izvi zvinoita musiyano mukuru mumitengo (hapana mutsara wepamusoro, zviteshi, nezvimwewo) uye nguva yekutungamira yekuvaka.
Nenzira, iyo geji yakajairwa ye143,5 cm inoshandiswawo paHSL, iyo HSL muSpain zvakare 143,5 cm, nepo imwe yese yeSpain ine yakafara geji.
Ini ndinoziva chimwe chinhu nezvazvo, ini ndiri munhu anofarira njanji ini.
MuIndia, iyo huru network igeji yakakura (167,6 cm). Iyi yaimbova meter gauge. Nechekare 24.000 km ye30.000 km yenjanji yakashandurwa.
Indonesia ine Cape Trail. Iyi 106,7 cm, uye haisati yanyanya kushandiswa pasi rose.
Handitendi kuti madhiziri anogona kutyaira HSL. Kuzvitima zveHSL unoda simba rinoita 5.000 kW kumberi nekumashure, kuti chitima chipe mhanyi kumhanya uye simba rekudhonza pamateru (muDLD neFR inenge 5%).
MuU.SA, nyika yedhiziri, 6-axle units inogadzirwa ne "chete" 3.200 kW. (semuenzaniso SD90MAC). Zvitima izvi zvakaunzwawo zvine 4400 kW, asi zvakabviswa mukugadzirwa nekuda kwematambudziko makuru.
zvakanaka,
Dzokera kuBangkok station.
Nzvimbo itsva yepakati "Bang-Sue" (kuseri kwemusika weChatuchak) yakasarudzwa. Panguva yekuvaka, zvakasarudzwa kuwedzera mapuratifomu kuitira kuti akwanisewo kuHSL. Iyo Red-Line inomhanya kubva kuchiteshi chepakati "Bang-Sue" kuburikidza neLak-Si uye Don Muang kuenda kuRangsit ndeyepamusoro-pamusoro-pasi BTS, iyo ikozvino yakagadzirwa 4 tracks. 2 maturu eBTS uye maviri enjanji. Kupindirana, zvitima zvekutakura uye ramangwana reHSL rinofanira kumhanya pamusoro peizvi.
Beyond Rangsit pane nzvimbo yeyakasarudzika HSL mutsara. Zviteshi zvepakati zvakavakwa nenzira yekuti iyo BTS inomhanya kunze uye zvitima zvenjanji mumigwagwa miviri yemukati, ichingopfuura chiteshi cheDon Muang, (inoonekwa kubva kuBangkok) nzira dzezvitima dzinotungamirwa kurudyi, vanewo waya pamusoro . Iyo BTS ine njanji yekutungamira.
Mushure memakiromita angangoita mana, apfuura chiteshi cheDen Muang akananga kuRangsit, njanji dzinoenda kumuseve 4 (pasi pasi), izvo zvine njodzi kuThai. Iyo Thai inotyora zviri nyore, gomba mufenzi kuti ufambe kuenda kune rimwe divi, zviri nani ne scooter kana handcart uye zvese.Ini ndinofanoona kufa kunodiwa kuno munguva pfupi iri kutevera.
Handizivi kana njanji "dzekare" dzichachengetedzwa kusvika Don Muang, chero zvakadaro hapana kugadzirisa kunoitwa padanho rekuyambuka zvakare. Yakapfuura Don Muang, iyo BTS ichatyaira chikamu pamusoro penjanji yekare uye njanji "yekare" ichaputswa. Zviteshi zvishanu zvekutanga zvatove padanho repamusoro. Don Muang chete (kaviri kureba seimwe 5) uye Bang-Sue vachiri nebasa rakawanda rekuita.
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Sekureva kwazvino mishumo, kuendesa kuri muna 2020.
Kwaziso Gerrit kubva kuLak-Si (Bangkok)
Uye kana, semuenzaniso, panjanji dzakamanikana njanji dzakakodzera uye vanorara vakanyura ne3 cm, uri mudambudziko! Negeji yakakura, mufambi anonzwa achigutsurira kurudyi. Asi negeji yakamanikana, ngoro kana chitima chose chiri kurudyi rwenjanji !!
Izvo zvakaitika kashoma munzira yekuenda kuChiangmai makore maviri apfuura. Yakatovharwa nekugadziriswa.
Iwe unogona kutoinzwa ichiuya: pakuvhura mhanya chitima chakatendeuka padivi pacho zvakare! Handikwanise kutaura kuti raive pfudzi rekuruboshwe here kana rekurudyi.
Vezera rangu
Mumakore akatenderedza 1876 pakanga paine rwendo rwekutsvaga chokwadi rwakarongwa neBritish Empire kumisikidza chinongedzo chenjanji kubva kuMaulmein muMyanmar kuburikidza nedunhu reTak muThailand kuenda kuChiang Mai neChiang Rai nechinangwa chekuchamhembe kweChiang Rai muMyanmar ndokuzokotama. kumabvazuva kuYunnan yekuChina.
Kana ndikakurudzira bhuku rine simba pamusoro peizvi: 'A Thousand Miles on an Elephant in the Shan States' nemunyori Holt S Hallet. Bhuku iri ndereChiRungu asi dudziro yangu inogona kuwanikwa painternet pane imwe blog.
Akataurawo mukana wekubatanidza nzira isati yavepo muThailand. MaBritish aida kudzikamisa simba reFrench (Laos neVietnam yemazuva ano) nekuvhura nzira yekutengeserana kuChina. Mutsara wacho pachawo hauna kuvakwa uye sekuziva kwangu kuchine kusati kwabatana neMyanmar rail network.
Kana iwe uchida kuverenga nezve kuvandudzwa kweThai njanji network kumaodzanyemba, unogona kutsvaga bhuku raHenry Gittins rine musoro unoti 'On Track'. Bhuku iri muChirungu.
Gittins akapayona muma1885 uye akazova mukuru mukuru weSiamese Railways. Ndiye akabatanidza Hua Hin uye akagadzira mutsetse wekumaodzanyemba. Asi akashandawo paCanadian Railways.
Iyo BBC ine yakanaka yakatevedzana nezvezvitima zveAsia, kusanganisira muThailand: Great Asian Railway Journeys. Pamusoro pemifananidzo yakanaka kubva kuzvitima zvakasiyana uye nzira, kune zvakare kutarisisa kwakawanda kune tsika yenzvimbo munzvimbo dzinoshanyirwa nemuratidziri Michael. Nhepfenyuro neBelgian gore rapfuura. Mamwe mashoko: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000dtbn