Nharaunda yekutanga yeDutch muThailand
Laurens Hoddenbagh / Shutterstock.com
Iyo Netherlands ine hukama hwenhoroondo neThailand, iyo yakatanga nehukama hwekutengeserana pakati peDutch East India Company (VOC) neSiam.
Iyi kambani yeDutch yekutengesa yaive nenzvimbo yekutengeserana muAyutthaya, iyo yakavambwa mukutanga 1600s uye yakaramba iripo kusvika pakupinda nechisimba kwevaBurmese muna 1767. Nzvimbo yekutengesa yaive yakakosha kuVOC sechikamu chemamwe mabasa ayo eAsia uye nekuwedzera maDutch. vakaunzwa kuti kutengeserana kurambe kuri munzira.
Vatengesi veDutch muAyutthaya
Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevaDutch vanhu vakaita sei uye maitiro avaiita kuvanhu veSiamese kazhinji uye kudare reAyutthaya kunyanya. A ChiThai mukadzi, dr. Bhawan Ruangsilp, zvino purofesa paChalulongkorn University, akapa chidzidzo kune ino makore apfuura uye akanyora bhuku pamusoro pazvo, rine musoro unoti "Dutch traders in Ayutthaya" Dr. Bhawan akadzidza nhoroondo muTübingen, Germany kwemakore akawanda uye, nokuti akanga ari munharaunda, akazodzidza chiDutch paYunivhesiti yeLeiden. Akapihwa dhigirii rekuremekedza nekuda kwezvidzidzo zvake zvenhoroondo iyoyo muAyutthaya.
Kudzidza muLeiden
Zvechokwadi kudzidza ikoko kuLeiden kwakanga kusiri nyore. Kutanga dzidza mutauro uye ipapo tenzi Old Dutch, umo makanyorwa nhoroondo dzeVOC. Zvinyorwa izvi zvine chekuita neinodaidzwa kuti "rejista yezuva nezuva", iyo hutungamiriri hweVOC muAyutthaya hwakachengeta nezvese zviitiko zvine chekuita nekutengeserana uye hukama hwekudyidzana nedare reSiamese. Aya magwaro akatumirwa kuhutungamiri hwepamusoro hweVOC muBatavia (yava kunzi Jakarta) uye naizvozvo akachengetedzwa zvakanaka.
Iyo yakanaka sosi yeruzivo nezve nhoroondo yeSiamese kubva panguva iyoyo, nekuti akawanda magwaro, nhoroondo, nezvimwe zvakarasika panguva yekudonha kweAyutthaya. Uyezve, ibwe rakanaka rokuongorora magwaro akanyatsochengetedzwa kubva panguva iyoyo, umo nhoroondo yaiwanzonyorwa semadiro amambo ari kutonga. Uye, sezvakataurawo Josefa munyaya yake, pakanga pasina kuperevedza kwamadzimambo panguva iyoyo.
Dutch community
Vatengesi veDutch nevamwe vashandi vechiDutch veVOC vaigara mudunhu rakasiyana kumaodzanyemba kweAyutthaya. Pane imwe nguva huwandu hwedunhu iri hwakatokwira kusvika kune vanhu vanodarika chiuru nemazana mana echiDutch uye VOC yakanga yadawo kuti vasunungurwe pamitemo yenzvimbo iyi, sekunge yagara iripo. Mafungiro enharaunda iyi kune veSiamesewo zvavo ainzwisa tsitsi. Pakutanga vaDutch vaida kuziva uye vaifarira, asi zvishoma nezvishoma vanhu vakatanga kutaura nezveSiamese nenzira yekunyomba sokunge vaiva varanda. Pakanga pasina vanhu vapi nevapi vokushamwaridzana, uye pakanga pasina vanhu vakawanda vechiDutch vakazvinetsa kudzidza kutaura mutauro wacho.
"Luk krueng" mhuri
Paive nevekusangana nevaSiamese, asi ini ndinokahadzika kuti unogona kudana iyo yemagariro. Shoko rekuti hupombwe rakanga risati ragadzirwa uye chipfambi raivewo izwi risingazivikanwe. Vakuru vedare repamusoro, kusanganisira mambo, vakaita vana gumi nevaviri nevakadzi vasina kuroorwa navo uye maDutch anofanira kunge akafunga kuti zvavanogona kuita, isu tinogona kuzviitawo. Saka vashomanana "mestizos" (vana veropa rakavhenganiswa) vakazvarwa uye mune dzimwe nguva maDutch akaroora mukadzi weko uye akazochengeta mhuri yose (sezvinoita Farang nhasi). Mamestizos aiwanzogara zvakanaka; mitauro miviri yavo yakavabvumira kushanda sevaturikiri uye/kana varevereri.
Cristi Popescu / Shutterstock.com
Kudare
Hukama hwehumiriri nedare reSiamese hwaive hwakakosha pakutengeserana kwakanaka. Madzimambo akatevedzana zvikuru akanga asina hanya nevatorwa ivavo vokumadokero. MaDutch aisadiwawo chaizvo, aionekwa seanonyima, kana nhamo, uye kuita bhizinesi navo zvaive zvakaoma. Kutanga maPutukezi akaenda, ipapo maFrench namaNgezi, achisiya maDutch. Ungafunga kuti vangave vari munzvimbo yakanaka yekutaurirana uye kukwanisa kuita bhizinesi nemitengo iri nani, asi izvo hazvina kuitika.
MaDutch aive akaomarara uye asingachinjiki zvachose uye kazhinji airamba (ipapo) maitiro ehuori aivepo. Kwakanga kune kutengeserana uye purofiti yakaitwa, asi kuda kuita bhizimisi kazhinji kazhinji kwaienda kumaChina namaMoor (maMuslim). Mambo Narai akanga akasiyana nevamwe. Akanga ane chido chikuru kuMadokero uye vatengesi veVOC vakamupa zvipo zvakawanda, zvakadai sematairi eItaly uye zvokuvakisa, mabhuku echiDutch newachi, mhou kubva kuCape of Good Hope, nezvimwewo.
Kudonha kweAyutthaya
Iyo nguva yeVOC muSiam inoratidzirwa nekushanduka kwakawanda kwechigaro, izvo zvaiwanzoperekedzwa nekucheneswa uye kudeurwa kweropa. Mafungiro mazhinji akagadzirwa nezve kudonha kwekupedzisira kweAyutthaya, iyo VOC inozvipomera mhosva dzehuori, ruvengo rwemukati uye godo, kupenga mukati medare, semhedzisiro yezvematongerwo enyika kunze kwemagedhi zvakaregeredzwa. Apo kushayiwa kwakanga kuri kukuru, Siam aingokwanisa kuunganidza varwi 15.000 XNUMX, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuvaBurma kutora guta reAyutthaya.
Pakupedzisira
Chidzidzo chaDr. Bahwan anoenderera mberi zvakanyanya kupfuura zvandaigona kuzvitsanangura. Kuongorora kwakadzama kwetsvakiridzo yapfuura yakaitwa nenyanzvi dzeThai, vachichera munhoroondo dzekare dzeVOC uye dudziro yezvinyorwa zveThai zvaivepo zvaive chikamu chekudzidza kwakadzama, kwaakaisa mubhuku. Iyi nyaya inongova chiratidzo chehupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevanhu vokutanga veDutch mu "nyika yekunyemwerera".
Anodiwa Gringo,
Zvakanaka kuti pane kutariswa kwenhoroondo zvakare.
Zvinonyadzisa kuti ndinofunga kuti zvinofambirana nekumwe kurerekera divi rimwe chete.
Kududzira zvinyorwa zvenhoroondo kune njodzi. Kazhinji, kutonga zviitiko zvekare uye maitiro neruzivo rwanhasi hakuna kunaka uye hakuratidzi kureba kwenjere.
Zvinyorwa zvishoma;
Kuziva mutauro uye tsika kunokosha pakutengeserana, vakuru vakuru vakadai saSchouten navan der Velde vakataura uye vakanyora (!) Siamese uye vakanyatsoongorora nzanga yeSiamese.
Semuenzaniso, chiito chekuchenjerera cheutungamiri panguva yeicho chinonzi "pikiniki chiitiko" muna 1636 hachigoni kuitwa neimwe nzira kunze kwekuziva kukuru kwetsika netsika.
Paive nehukama hwakanaka uye kubatana, iyo VOC yakatogadzirira kubatsira mambo muchiuto kurwisa vatongi vePattani. (Izvo zvakakanganisika nekuda kwemhando dzese dzekusangwarira nemauto eSiamese.)
Kutengeserana kweVOC kazhinji kwakamutsa godo remamwe masimba, uye zvinoshamisa kuti mufananidzo uyu wakarerekera unogamuchirwa sewakarurama, kunyange namaDutch.
Pasina kuda kukanganisa basa rinorwadza raDr. Bhawan Ruangsilp, ndinotenda kuti mufananidzo watsanangurwa pamusoro unoda kugadziriswa.
@Dick, ndatenda nemhinduro yako. Ehe, nhoroondo yeThai, kungofanana nenhoroondo yeDutch, inogara ichinakidza. Ini ndinofarira kuverenga nezvazvo uye dzimwe nyaya dzeSiam munguva yakapfuura dzichaonekwa pane ino blog.
Handisi munyori wenhoroondo kana zvimwe zvakadaro, ndingori muzvinabhizimisi akarega basa. Ini handisi kuzopokana newe nezvehunyanzvi hwekududzira magwaro ekare naDr. Bhawan. Ndakanyora nyaya pamusoro penharaunda yeDutch uye ndakasiya nemaune marudzi ose ezvematongerwe enyika. Kwandiri yaive yemufananidzo wenharaunda pachayo maererano nemaSiamese. Dr Bhawan vakakurukura nezvezvematongerwo enyika nekuchinja kwechigaro zvakadzama mubhuku ravo, asi zvakandiomera.
Mamwe mashoma ekutaura nezvemhinduro yako:
• Muchinyorwa changu izwi rekuti 'vazhinji' rakasiyiwa pane imwe nzvimbo, asi nezvemutauro waifanira kunge wakataurwa: "havasi vanhu vazhinji vechiDutch vakaedza kudzidza kutaura mutauro wacho". Zvinenge zvichienda pasina kutaura, kunyanya kwandiri, kuti pakutengesa nevaSiamese, vanhu veDutch vakakwana, kusanganisira vatungamiri, vaiziva mutauro.
• Unocherechedza kuti ruzivo rwetsika rwakakosha pakutengeserana. Ndizvozvo, mutsara wekutanga pasi pemusoro wekuti Padare unoratidzawo izvozvo. Zvichida kwete zvakanyanya kujeka, asi ini ndaireva kuti vatengesi veVOC vakaita zvese zvavaigona kuti vazive tsika netsika dzedare, kuitira kuti kutengesa kuve nyore. Icho chokwadi chekuti iwe unofanirwa kuziva tsika netsika dzemudiwa wako wekutengesa zvichiri kushanda nanhasi. Semuzvinabhizimisi ndinogona kukuudza zvakawanda pamusoro pazvo.
Nenzira, yeuka kuti Dr. Bhawan akadzidza magwaro eVOC akatumirwa kuhutungamiriri muJakarta. Anogara achitora kubva mumagwaro uye zvinogona kunge zviri, kunyangwe zvingangoitika, kuti kududzirwa kwezvimwe zviitiko kwakanyorwa zvakasiyana pane mushumo wepamutemo. Mune mamwe mazwi, uye ichiri kushanda: kangani zvinoitika kuti unoedza kunzwisisa mutengi, ita kuti zvive zvinonakidza sezvinobvira kwaari kuitira kuti iwe uwane zvaunoda kuti zviitwe uye kana iwe ukati zvakanaka kwaari, unotendeuka uye anofunga: “yaive c…bhegi!
Dick, ndakapedzisa nyaya ndichiti yaingova fungidziro yangu pamusoro penharaunda yakakura yevanhu vechiDutch muAyutthaya. Ikodzero yako kubvunza Dr. Bhawan wechero rusaruro, asi ini ndinokupa zano kuti utange waverenga bhuku rake, raakawana PhD yake muLeiden. Ichiri kutengeswa!.
Anodiwa Gringo,
Ndatenda nemhinduro yako uye zano.
Kufarira nhoroondo kunotibatsira kunzwisisa nyaya dzemazuva ano zviri nani.
Yakanga isiri chinangwa changu, Dr. Kupomera Bhawan chero chinhu, ini ndinonyatsoziva kuti basa iri rakaoma sei. Uye ndinoremekedza zvizere tsvakiridzo yake inorwadza mune zvakaoma-ku-kuwana-nhoroondo zvinyorwa zvenyika diki yeEurope.
Zvakaoma kwatiri kufungidzira kuti vanasekuru vedu vakararama sei uye vaifunga sei, tisingatauri mhuri yedu kubva muzana remakore rechigumi nemanomwe. Wepakati munhu ari muchikepe (pamberi pedanda) anga atove nemukana wakanyanya wekusadzoka kubva kuAsia ari mupenyu. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwevashandi, vazhinji veScandinavians, maGerman nevamwe vekuEurope vakafamba nechikepe. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kuMabvazuva, Chirungu neDutch (vashandi chete vari pamberi pemasti) vanochinja ngarava nyore nyore pazvinokodzera ivo. Fungidzira matambudziko emitauro, kunze kweaya ari munyika yaunogamuchira.
Hurwere nerufu zvaingogara mazuva ose, kunyanya kuvashandi vepasi avo vaipedzisira vave kumakuva asina mazita. Funga, semuenzaniso, nezvematombo eguva (chete enzvimbo dzepamusoro) muchechi yeDutch muMalacca uye tarisa makore ekupfupika kwavo.
upenyu.
Kufungidzira Siam separadhiso muzana ramakore rechigumi nenomwe kuri kure nechokwadi.
Ndicho chikonzero nei dzimwe nguva kuchindinetsa (kunze kweiyi nhau) kuti vamwe, vakanyatsodyiswa uye vakashongedzerwa nenyaradzo yose, vakagadzirira sei kutaura rutongeso rwavo pamusoro uye ruzivo rusina kukwana rwekare. Kana zvakanyanya kuipa, iyo pedantic PC chigunwe kubva pachigaro chiri nyore kuenda kumadzitateguru. Zviri zvakachipa uyewo zvishoma mbwende.
Pasina kuve chauvinistic, tinofanira kugumisa kuti chimiro chezvematongerwo enyika uye chetsika chemazuva ano eAsia hachiwanzo fungidziro pasina simba reDutch.
Kunyanya chikonzero chekuva wakangwarira uye kungwarira nemhedziso.
Ivai neSvondo yakanaka.
@Dirk, ndinobvumirana newe zvachose.
Ndinoda kuwedzera kuti ndine ruremekedzo rukuru kuVOC, iyo yakanga yakakosha zvikuru kune budiriro mune dzimwe nyika.
Iva neSvondo yakanaka kwauriwo!
"Pasina kuve chauvinistic, isu tinofanirwa kugumisa kuti chimiro chezvematongerwo enyika uye chetsika chemazuva ano eAsia hachifungidzike pasina pesvedzero yeDutch," unodaro, asi unogona here kupa zvimwe zvinongedzo zveizvi?
Uye zvakare ndichipindura kuGringo, ndinofunga kuti zvakanaka kuti uyeukewo kuti huranda hwakawanda, urombo, nzara, hondo, udzvinyiriri uye kunyange kuuraya rudzi rweVOC neuto rayo zvakakonzera kuvagari vemo mune yaimbova Dutch East Indies.
Imwezve yekuwedzera: mukuru weVOC wekutanga muAyuttaya aive mumwe mugari wetaundi rangu, Jeremias van Vliet. Akapinda muwanano yakabhadharwa kudaro nemutengesi weThai uye zvaipa mari kune vese. Vaivawo nevana vaviri. Van Vliet paakasiya Siam, aida kusiya mudzimai wake asi otora vana vake. Mambo vakabva vamisa izvozvo. Van Vliet aifanira kusiya oga uye akatambura upenyu hwake hwose nokurasikirwa nevana vake.
Hongu, kumusha uko. Ndiyo Schiedam.
Inonakidza sei kutumira, pamwe nemhinduro dzakasimba kwazviri!
Nezvekusimudzirwa kwaDr. Bhawan (Ruangsilp). Iyo honorary doctorate pachayo inogara ichiruramiswa.
Ini handina kujairana nenyika yezvidzidzo. Chiono chemunhu hachipfuuri chinangwa icho basa rinofanira kupenya pakutanga. Sehumbowo, chokwadi chekuti ari kudzidza mutauro 'wekare' usinganzwisisike, kuti awane mamiriro akakodzera. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa - kuzvinzwisisa nenzira iyo - kuti zvinyorwa zveDutch zvakadzidzwa aive maonero evatengesi veVOC pachavo. Saka basa rake ishumo yechinangwa pane imwe nyaya?
Saka, ndatenda nechikafu ichi, ikozvino ndava kuenda kuGoogle uko kunohodha basa rake rekupedzisira. Uye mamwe mazita akanyorwa naDick. Zvakare ndinokutendai @ Thailandblog nekuda kweiyi trigger, ini handisi kuzobhowekana kwemavhiki mashoma ekutanga, lol. Nenzira, chimwe chinhu chakasiyana nekubatsira vanoblogi kuziva kuti Zware van Nelle inogona kutengwa kupi muThailand, iyo VOC yakaronga izvo zvirinani panguva iyoyo :~)
Ndakanakidzwa nekuiverenga, zvinonakidza zvakaitika panguva iyoyo,
Bhuku racho rinogonawo kuodwa muchiDutch.
Ruzivo rwakanaka. Heino chimwe chinongedzo kune nhoroondo yeAyutthaya inosanganisira chidimbu cheVOC
http://www.chiangmai-chiangrai.com/glory-of-ayutthaya.html
Ini ndinogara muAyutthaya uye ndakashanyira musika wemvura kamwe chete.
Paive nekakamuri kadiki/nzvimbo mupassage yaive nemimwe mifananidzo yezvikepe zvine mureza weDutch uye dzimwe mari dzekare dzeVOC dzakagadzirwa. Zvakanaka kuona uye zvinoshamisa ...
Zvinofadza kuti maBurmese akakunda Ayutthaya. Zvinogara zvichinzi Thailand (zvakare seSiam?) haina kumbobvira yaziva mutemo wekunze. Kugara kweBurmese kwakatora nguva yakareba sei, uye kwakawedzera kupfuura Ayutthaya? Ndingawanepi ruzivo urwu? Ini ndinofungidzira kwete mubhuku raDr Bahwan.