Rwendo kuburikidza neThailand yapfuura chikamu 7

Sezvakataurwa nemusayendisiti ane mukurumbira Carl Sagan, "Unofanira kuziva zvakapfuura kuti unzwisise zvazvino." Mune mamwe mazwi, "kunzwisisa kuti Thailand yemazuva ano yakaumbwa sei, zvakakodzera kutarisa nhoroondo".

Iyi nhevedzano inopa mhedziso yezviitiko kubva ku1967 kusvika 2017. Chikamu chega chega chinofukidza nguva yemakore mashanu uye chine chokwadi chekubata zvinoshamisa kune vanonyanya kuziva nhoroondo yeThai buffs.

Chikamu 7: Period 1997-2001

1997 raive gore iro Chulabhorn Research Institute yakavambwa naHer Royal Highness Princess Chulabhorn kuita tsvagiridzo mubiomedicine uye biochemistry. American Pacific International School muChiang Mai uye Dare reConstitutional rakavambwa. Iyo 88-storey, 303-metres-yakakwirira Baiyoke Tower II yakapedzwa, zvichiita kuti chive chivakwa chakareba kupfuura zvose muThailand. Bangkok International Trade and Exhibition Center (BITEC) yakavhurwa mudunhu reBangkok's Bang Na pamwe neCentral Plaza nzvimbo yekutengesa iri paRama 3 Road uye yakasarudzika Emporium nzvimbo yekutenga iri paSukhumvit Road.

Uye 1997 rakanga ririwo gore iro dambudziko rezvemari rinoparadzanya rakatanga muThailand iro rakachinja East Asia ndokupararira kuEastern Europe neSouth America. Iyo inonzi "Tom Yum Kung" dambudziko rakakatyamadza pasi rose uye rakamisa chimiro cheThailand sehupfumi hwetiger hweAsia.

Ndira

Princess Mother Memorial Park, inozivikanwawo seSuan Somdet Ya, yakavhurwa naMambo wake Mambo Bhumibol Adulyadej muna Ndira 21 mundangariro dzaamai vake, Princess Srinagarindra. Inotungamirwa neBangkok Metropolitan Administration, paki iri mudunhu reKhlong San kuBangkok uye ine magadheni uye kuberekazve kweimba yaamai vehumambo, dzimba mbiri dzekuratidzira dzine memorabilia yemhuri yehumambo uye pavilion ine chifananidzo chemuchinda.

Mhomho yevanopfuura zviuru zvitatu vanofarira mafirimu vaive pakuvhurwa kwePlanet Hollywood restaurant muBangkok kusangana naSylvester Stallone, Bruce Willis, Wesley Snipes, Cindy Crawford, Jean Claude Van Damme naJackie Chan.

Boka raKaren rine zvombo rakapinda muThailand richibva kuBurma rikapisa misasa miviri yevapoteri mudunhu reTak, richisiya vapoteri vechiKaren vanenge 10.000 300 vasina pokugara. Boka revarwi vangangosvika mazana matatu vakaedza kuparadza musasa wechitatu asi vakadziviswa nemapurisa ekubhodha reThai. Kurwiswa kutatu kwakarongeka kwevhu reThai kwakaitwa nehurumende yeBurmese yeDemocratic Karen Buddhist Army uye zvinonzi nemakomborero emauto eBurmese akamira pamuganhu.

Kukadzi

Tiger Woods akahwina mutambo wegorofu weAsia Honda Classic kuThai Country Club mudunhu reChacheongsao. Yakanga iri kuhwina kwechina kwaWoods mumakwikwi gumi nemaviri kubvira paakachinja pro muna Nyamavhuvhu 12. Woods akaberekerwa kuUS ane amai vechiThai.

Mapurisa akasunga varume vatatu vachipomerwa mhosva yekudyidzana mukubira mari inosvika 600 miriyoni baht kubva kuBangkok Bank of Commerce (BBC). Mumwe wevakasungwa ndiKrikkiat Jalichandra, aimbove mutungamiri weBBC.

Kubvumbi

Mutungamiri Chavalit Yongchaiyudh akadana Pattaya se "tsime guru rehuipi" muThailand. Akataura kuti chipfambi, kutengesa zvinodhaka, kuba mari nezvimwe zvinhu zvakashata zvakatekeshera ipapo uye zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa kudzivirira kudzikisirwa kwevanhu veThai. Chavalit akaburitsa pachena kuti 'akapinda' munzvimbo yekutandarira yegungwa kuti atarisana nemhando dzese dzehuipi. Akataurawo kuti Pattaya inozivikanwa senzvimbo iyo vatengesi vezvinodhaka vakabira makumi emabhiriyoni ebhaht uye vakaratidza kushushikana kuti vanogona kushandisa purofiti yavo kukanganisa nzanga.

Gunyana

Bazi rezvekutakurwa kwezvinhu nekufambiswa kwemashoko rakazivisa kuti chirongwa cheHopewell chemadhora mazana matatu nemazana matatu chemadhora chicharaswa mushure memakore matanhatu ekunonoka. Dare remakurukota rakadzima chibvumirano mushure mekunetsekana kuri kuwedzera kubva kuHopewell Holdings yeHong Kong kuti yaizotadza kuendesa Bangkok Elevated Road uye Chitima System nenguva. Hopewell pakutanga akaramba kuti chirongwa ichi chakaraswa, achiti haana kuwana chiziviso chepamutemo kubva kuhurumende yeThailand. Sachigaro weHopewell, Sir Gordon Wu, vanoti kambani iyi yakazadzisa chivimbiso chayo chekuvaka migwagwa nenjanji makiromita makumi matanhatu. Kusiiwa kwechirongwa ichi kwakasiya mbiru dzekongiri dzinopfuura chiuru dzakamira munzira dzakarongwa dzisina chinangwa chakajeka. Iyo Bangkok Post yakatsanangura chiratidziro ichi seshanduro yeBangkok yeStonehenge.

Oktober

Bumbiro remutemo ra1997 rakatambirwa musi wa11 Gumiguru, richitsiva Bumbiro reMitemo ra1991. Bumbiro remutemo ra1997 rakarumbidzwa sechiitiko chikuru chegutsaruzhinji muThailand uye rakabviswa neCouncil for Democratic Reform musi waGunyana 16, 2006, zvichitevera kubvuta masimba kwemauto kwakabudirira. Bumbiro remuna 1997 rakatsiviwa neBumbiro re1 muna Gumiguru wegore iroro.

Mitumbi inosvika makumi maviri nenomwe nemazana matatu nemakumi mana nenomwe isina kutorwa yakatakurwa mumabhasikiti mahombe eshenjere nevashandi vanoyamura ndokutakurwa nemakombi kuenda kumakuva enguva pfupi kubva kuBangkok. Zvitunha zvakawora ndezvevanhu vakawirwa netsaona dzemumigwagwa pamwe nevasina pekugara vane hama dzisina kuwanikwa.

1998

Muna 1998, iyo conglomerate BEC-TERO Entertainment Company yakavambwa uye yekutanga Starbucks yakavhurwa muBangkok. Tesco Lotus akauyawo kuThailand uye Angel Airlines yakavambwa muBangkok. Harrow International School yakavhurwa munzvimbo yeDon Muang uye hombe IMPACT Arena, Exhibition and Convention Center yakapedzwa muMuang Thong Thani. Rajamangala National Stadium muBangkok's Bangkapi district yakavhurwa kune veruzhinji sezvakaita Thammasat Stadium muPathum Thani.

Ndira

Baht yeThai yakaderera kusvika pa56,67 neUS$. Vatengesi vemari vakati kudonha kwebhaht kwakawedzera nekubhuroka kweFinance One, kambani hombe yemari yeThailand, uye kuramba kuchidiwa mari yekuUS.

Kukadzi

Mumwe mutambi wetsiva akonzera mheremhere muLumpini Stadium nekuramba kukurura hembe pahuremo sezvinodiwa nemitemo. Achichema zvikuru, Parinya Charoenphol, wezita remadunhurirwa rekuti Toom, uyo anozivikanwa zvakare nezita repadariro rekuti Parinya Kiatbusaba, akati: “Mutemo uyu hautambirwe. Ndokurura sei pane vanhu?" Parinya akanga aita mukurumbira wekurwira mumatunhu asati apihwa hondo huru muBangkok. Vakuru vakasarudza kuita kuti mutambi wetsiva ane makore gumi nematanhatu ekuberekwa apfeke chipfeko chemukati pachikero nekuda kwekuratidzira kwaibva kuParinya. Parinya akahwina mitambo gumi nemasere pamakumi maviri nemiviri, kusanganisira newakaitwa muLumpini Stadium husiku ihwohwo.

Vanhu vanodarika zviuru makumi maviri vakadirana kudzimba nhatu dzeokisheni kuzotenga mota dzekutanga dzinosvika mazana mashanu nemakumi matatu neshanu, marori ekutakura uye mavan akaiswa kutengeswa neFinancial Restructuring Authority. Pakati pemabhagaini paive nemaMercedes-Benze makumi matatu, matatu eBMW neFerrari imwe chete.

Kurume

Mapurisa akatanga kuferefeta pamusoro pekupokana kwemakirabhu ehusiku anosanganisira Wanchhalerm Yubamrung, mwanakomana waMuan Chon mutungamiri webato Chalerm Yubamrung. Zvapupu zvakati Wanchhalerm akatora chikamu mukurwiswa kwemurume, mwanakomana wake nemukadzi panguva yekupokana paFuture Pub muBangkok's Chao Phraya Park Hotel. Wanchhalerm, uyo akaramba kubatanidzwa mune Future Pub brawl, akanga ambobatanidzwa mukurwiswa kwemurume muPhuket muna April 1997. Mhosva dzemhosva pamusoro pechiitiko ichocho pamusoro peWanchhalerm nevamwe varume vana dzakaderedzwa muna June nekuda kwehuchapupu husina kukwana.

Kubvumbi

Vanhu vangangosvika zviuru gumi vakashanyira Lumpini Park kuti vaone chisaririra chekare chaIshe Buddha. Chisaririra, zino rinodavirwa kuva rakanunurwa mumadota aBuddha pashure pokupiswa kwake muIndia anopfuura makore 10.000 2500 apfuura, chakaratidzirwa kuvoruzhinji mukati mokumbomira pakati peIndia neTaiwan.

Mutungamiriri wehurumende, Chuan Leekpai, vakapindura kufa kwemutongi weCambodian Pol Pot vachiti hurumende yeThai ichashanda nenharaunda yepasi rose kuunza vatungamiri veKhmer Rouge vasara kumatare edzimhosva nekuda kwekuuraya rudzi. Pol Pot, 'mukoma nhamba one' weKhmer Rouge, anonzi akafa nechirwere chemoyo.

Juni

Thailand yakava nyika yekutanga yeAsia kubvumidza kutengeswa kweViagra. Chikafu neDrug Administration yakabvumidza kutengeswa kwemusimboti asi yakamisa zvimwe zvirambidzo, ichiti mushonga unogona kutengeswa chete muzvipatara nemirairo inogadzirwa nenyanzvi dzekurapa mundima yeurology, psychiatry, cardiology kana endocrinology, avo vese vanogona kubatana erectile dysfunction. Pfizer Pharmaceuticals muThailand yakati mushonga uyu unotarisirwa kutengeswa nemari inosvika mazana mana baht papiritsi.

Juli

Mapurisa emuBangkok akatanga kurwisa vanhu vaiputa fodya munzvimbo dzavose, kusanganisira zvitoro zvikuru, zvitoro zvikuru, zvivakwa zvehurumende nemabhazi. Kutyora mitemo yefodya kwairangwa nefaindi ye2.000 baht. Mukuru wemapurisa, Major General Jongrak Judhanond, vataura mushure mehurukuro nevakuru vehutano kuti mapurisa achatarisawo maresitorendi ane air-conditioner anga asina nzvimbo dzekuputira.

Muzvinabhizimusi weTerecommunications Thaksin Shinawatra akatanga Thai Rak Thai (Thais Love Thais) Party (TRT) muna Chikunguru 14. Bato iri rakakumbira varimi vane zvikwereti vari kuomerwa nedambudziko rekushaya mari. Bato iri rakavimbisa kuvandudzwa kwehupfumi hwakasimba kana rikavhoterwa kuti ritore masimba uye rasvikawo kune vagari vemumaruwa pamwe nevemabhizimusi vane dambudziko remari.

Auto Alliance Thailand (AAT), kambani yekugadzira mota mumubatanidzwa pakati peFord Motor Company neMazda Motor Corporation yakatanga kugadzirwa muRayong Province. Mhemberero huru yekuvhura yakapindwa neMutungamiri Chuan musi waChikunguru 1. AAT inovaka compact pickup marori uye maSUVs kunyanya kumisika yeSoutheast Asia.

Gunyana

Mapurisa akatanga kurwisa mutambo wekutanga wepasi rose weThailand. Mapurisa akarayira kuti firimu rose riongororwe nebhodhi rinoongorora risati raongororwa. Bugis Street, firimu rinotaura nezvevanhu vanopfeka zvipfeko zvevakadzi munharaunda ine mukurumbira yakaipa yechiedza chitsvuku cheSingapore muna 1960, yakanga yatorambidzwa kuona zvinonyadzisira. Mutungamiriri weThai uye munyori wezviratidziro, Ing Kanjanavanit akati: “Kunosetsa kuti Thailand ine imwe yemichina yakasununguka zvikuru yokutsikirira muAsia asi indasitiri yemafirimu yeThai ndeimwe yeinoongororwa zvikuru pasi rose.”

Mitambo yeAsia ya1998 yakaitika muBangkok kubva muna Zvita 6 kusvika 20 nezviitiko 377 mumitambo makumi matatu nematanhatu nevatambi vangangosvika zviuru zvitanhatu nemazana mashanu.

Mbudzi

Hurumende yakabvumidza kutorwa kwemufirimu weHollywood kugadziridzwa kwebhuku raAlex Garland The Beach paKoh Phi Phi sevaratidziri vakapfeka masiki anoratidza nyeredzi yemufirimu Leonardo DiCaprio uye vachikanda mabhiri emadhora mudenga vakamira kunze kwemahofisi e20th Century Fox muBangkok. Zvinetso zvavo zvezvakatipoteredza zvakarambwa nevakuru vakuru vakanongedza kugona kwefirimu kusimudzira kushanya kweThai. Sarudzo yekutora firimu mupaki yenyika yakaitwa neboka rinotungamirwa naPrasit Damrongchai, Munyori Mukuru weHofisi yeHurumende.

1999

1999 yakaunza kuvhurwa kwakamirirwa kwenguva refu kweBTS Skytrain Sukhumvit Line. Skytrain yakavhurwa musi wa5 Zvita kurangarira zuva rekuzvarwa kwamambo. Hofisi yeAnti-Money Laundering (AMLO) yakavambwa. AMLO ndiyo sangano guru muThailand rinoita basa rekusimbisa mitemo yemari pakubata mari nekupokana nehugandanga. Phuket Air yakavambwa uye Santichaiprakan Park iri paPra Arthit Road mudunhu rePhra Nakhon kuBangkok yakagadzirwa. Sangano rinopa rubatsiro rinozivikanwa seSarnelli House Thailand rakatanga kupa rubatsiro rwekurapa nepekugara kuvana vakawirwa neHIV/AIDS, nherera, vakasiiwa nevanoshungurudzwa. SF Boka, mushandisi wemabhaisikopo nenzvimbo dzevaraidzo yakavambwa.

Ndira

German expat uye muzvinabhizimisi Wolfgang Ulrich akapomerwa kubatanidzwa mukutengesa zvinodhaka uye mamwe mabasa asiri pamutemo. Kusungwa kwake nekutadza kubhadhara mitero yekunze uye kupinda muThailand zvisiri pamutemo kwakonzera kuratidzira mudare reparamende apo vezvematongerwo enyika vanopikisa Chalerm Yubamrung vakasimudza nyaya yavo vachivhota vachipikisa Gurukota rezvemukati menyika, Sanan Khajornprasat, vachidzokorora zvakataurwa nemuGerman kuti akashandisa mamirioni makumi maviri nemaviri echiokomuhomwe kuti adzivise. vachidzingwa munyika. VaUlrich vaizivikanwa uye vaitya munharaunda yekunze uye vaizivikanwa kupedza nguva yakawanda muPattaya. Mafoto ake aine Chalerm state akaburitswa neThai media. Muna 22, Ulrich akaendeswa kuGermany kwaakatongerwa makore gumi nemaviri mujeri mushure mekunge apomerwa mhosva yekunyengedza vagari veGermany avo vakanga vabhadhara mamiriyoni maviri ebhati kune imwe nzvimbo isipo yekununura mhuka muPattaya.

Kubvumbi

Zvakasarudzwa kuti kumukira kwaOctober 14, 1973 kwaizobatanidzwa mumabhuku echikoro kuitira kuti pwere dzidzidze pamusoro pezviitiko zvenhau muThailand. Mutevedzeri wegurukota rezvedzidzo, VaSomsak Prisananantakul, vakati pakaumbwa komiti kuti iferefete nyaya iyi asi vakawedzera kuti: “Hatisi kuzotaura zvakadzama sekuti ndiani akaurayiwa uye kuti ndiani anga ari muherikoputa yakapfurwa vadzidzi vepaThammasat University. ”

mei

Vanofungidzirwa kuti mauto eBurmese nevamwe vavo vapanduki veKaren vakarwisa mapurisa eBan Nam Piang Din mudunhu reMae Hong Son, anenge makiromita maviri kubva kumuganhu weThai-Burmese. Varwi vakanga vakapakatira magirinedhi nezvombo zvoga. Sekureva kwemapurisa eThai, vangangosvika makumi maviri vapambi vakatanga kubata nekumanikidza mugari wemuThai kuti avatungamirire kukamba yemapurisa. Vapambi vakabva vakomba chiteshi vachibva vapfura. Mapurisa mana ekuThailand aitungamirira kamba yemapurisa akakwanisa kutiza. Thai Narcotics Suppression Center yakataura kuti kuwedzera kwezviitiko zvemubhodha mumwedzi ichangopfuura kwakakonzerwa nekuedza kwakasimba kweThailand kurwisa kutengeswa kwezvinodhaka.

UNESCO yakataura kuti Thailand yaifarira rusununguko rwevatori venhau asi yakawedzera kuti zvimwe chete hazvigone kutaurwa nezvenhau dzedhijitari dzeThailand sezvo nhepfenyuro zhinji dzeterevhizheni neredhiyo dzakaramba dziri pasi pehurumende nemauto. Mushure mekuburitswa kwegwaro iri, Mukuru wemauto General Surayud Chulanont akati mauto achabvumira vatongi vakazvimiririra kuti vaone kana mauto achikwanisa kuchengetedza makumi mashanu ekutapurirana mafambiro aakati anodiwa kuchengetedza nyika.

Juni

Dare reCabinet reThai rakabvumidza chirongwa chekuenda pamudyandigere chakanangana nekudzikisa huwandu hwemabasa ehurumende nezvikamu gumi kubva muzana, kana mabasa angangoita zana nemakumi maviri ezviuru. Iyo stimulus package yaizotanga pakutanga kwegore rezvemari ra10-120.000. Muchikamu chechipiri, imwe 2000 muzana yevashandi vaizoderedzwa. Pasuru yakabvumidzwa neCivil Service Commission yaive nechinangwa chekudzikisa hutongi nekuvandudza mashandiro.

Augustus

Hondo yemakore matanhatu yekuripwa nehama dzevakabatwa ne 'Black May' yakarasika mushure mekunge Dare Repamusorosoro rabvisa dare reNational Peacekeeping Council pamhosva ipi zvayo yezvemari. Sumalee Usiri nevamwe makumi matatu nevasere vakada miriyoni 38 baht mukukuvadza kubva kuRoyal Thai Army, mapurisa, General Suchinda Kraprayoon, aimbova mukuru wemauto emuchadenga Kaset Rojananil uye aimbova Gurukota rezvemukati menyika General Issarapong Noonpakdi. Hama idzi dzakapokana kuti vatungamiriri vatatu vemauto vakabvumidza kushandiswa kwechisimba kudzvanyirira varatidziri vedemocracy uye vakaraira kudzvanywa kwekuratidzira murunyararo muna Chivabvu 17,7. Mhirizhonga iyi inonzi yaifanira kudzora varatidziri vane mhirizhonga.

Gunyana

Amai Luang Bua Kityakara, amai vaMambokadzi Sirikit, vashaya. Royal Household Bureau yakaburitsa chirevo ichiti Mambo Bhumibol akasuwa zvikuru nerufu urwu. Mambo akati ML Bua (anozivikanwawo saKhun Tan) aigara achimuratidza mutsa mukuru iye nevamwe vemhuri yehumambo. Nemhaka yokuti akanga ari wedzinza roumambo, akapiwa hari yamambo nokuda kwokuvigwa kwake. Mutumbi wake wakaiswa muSala Thai Samakorn Hall kuGrand Palace uye nguva yekuchema yemazuva gumi neshanu yakaziviswa. ML Bua akaberekwa munaNovember 15.

Mutungamiri weChina, Jiang Zemin, akavimbisa panguva yekushanya kwenyika kuThailand kuti ashande pane "zvehutano" hweSino-Thai. Jiang akagashira kapeti tsvuku paakasvika paDon Muang Airport apo Mambo naMambokadzi uye Prime Minister Chuan vaivepo vachimukwazisa. Jiang akaperekedzwa neboka revanhu 180. Aive mutungamiri wechitatu weChina kushanyira Thailand kubva nyika mbiri idzi dzakadzoreredza hukama hwekudyidzana muna 1975. Vakamutangira Li Xiannian naYang Shankung vakashanyira Thailand muna 1985 na1991 zvakateerana.

Varongi veBangkok Film Festival vakaramba kucheka zvibodzwa zvemuDutch firimu "Jesu is a Palestinian," vachiti vachaita ratidziro yemahara kudzivirira kutyora mitemo yekudzora. Mukuru wemutambo wemafirimu, Brian Bennett, akati mapurisa aratidza kuti firimu iri rinofanira kukanzurwa kunze kwekunge chiitiko chepabonde chabviswa. “Takatarisa mutemo pane yambiro inoti chero ukasatengesa matikiti, mapurisa haakwanise kukupa faindi kana kugara mujeri. Tichatenga matikiti ese toita kuvhenekwa pachena,” akadaro Bennett. Mapurisa akamanikidza kubviswa kwemafirimu maviri kubva kuBangkok Film Festival yekutanga muna 1998.

Mbudzi

Vezvemamiriro ekunze nevagadziri vemafirimu vakarwa zvakare pamusoro peKoh Phi Phi uko 20th Century Fox yakadhirowa The Beach gore rapfuura. Boka rinodaidzwa kuti Shamwari dzeAo Maya (Maya Bay, uko kwakapfurwa kwakawanda) vakati vashandi vemufirimu vakasiya mahombekombe egungwa aimbova akachena akuvadzwa uye akakukurwa. Pepanhau reBritain rakatsanangura Maya Bay se "nzvimbo isina chinhu yefenzi dzakashata dzeshenjere nemiti yakafa". Mukutanga kwegore, vanoongorora zvakatipoteredza vakakumbira dare kuti vasiye kutora bhaisikopo, vachiti vashandi vekugadzira mafirimu vakanga vaparadza mahombekombe egungwa nekudyara miti yekokonati 100 nekudzura zvinomera. Dare redzimhosva rakaramba chikumbiro chekumisa kutora firimu.

Mutemo weBhizinesi reKune dzimwe nyika BE 2542 (1999) wakadzikwa kurambidza muridzi wekunze mune mamwe maindasitiri eThai. Mutemo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, wakaita kuti tsika yekugadza 'vanodomwa' vekuThai vave vemigove vakamiririra mutorwa. Munhu anenge asarudzwa anogona kubhadhariswa faindi kubva pa100.000 kusvika pamiriyoni imwe baht uye anosvika makore matatu mujeri.

Oktober

Wat Phra Dhammakaya Abbot Phra Dhammachao nevamwe vake vatatu vepedyo vakamhan'ara kumapurisa nekubira mari. Vakapomerwa pashure pokunge pomero zhinji dzabuda pamusoro petembere ine gakava. Abbot nevabatsiri vake vakapomerwa mhosva yekubira mari yetemberi kutenga nzvimbo mudunhu rePhetchabun inokosha inodarika mamirioni makumi mana baht. Temberi yakabatanidzwawo nemakambani enhema angangosvika zana akamiswa nehama dzemamongi makuru patemberi. Wat Phra Dhammakaya akanga avaka temberi dzakabatana dzinosvika makumi matatu pasi rose uye akanga ari mushishi rokutenga chechi yekare muChicago kuti ishandurwe kuva muzinda wekufungisisa pasi rose. Muna Kubvumbi, mubatanidzwa wemapoka ezvitendero angangosvika makumi matatu akakumbira kanzuru yeSangha kuti ifunge kudzinga abbot, ichiti zvakaitwa netemberi yake zvakakanganisa nyika, chitendero nehumambo. Zvisinei, mhosva dzose dzakazoregwa uye temberi yakabvumirwa kupfuurira kushanda.

Masayendisiti ainetseka nezvokufarira kuri kuwedzera kwezvokudya zvezvipembenene kubva kuvagari vokumaruwa nokuti vaityira kuti marudzi akati kuti aigona kutsakatika. Vatsvakurudzi vakaratidza kushushikana pashure pokunge ongororo yezvipembenene zvinodyiwa kuchamhembe nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva yakawana kuti vanhu veko vakanga vawedzera marudzi 11 matsva muzvokudya zvavo. Mhando ina chete dzaivepo pamenu.

Mbudzi

Mafekitori anodarika makumi mashanu mudunhu reTak akavharwa sezvo zviuru zvevashandi veBurmese vakadzingwa basa risati raziviswa. Mazana evashandi akadzokera kunyika dzavakabva nekuyambuka Rwizi rweMoei runopatsanura Thailand neBurma uye zviuru nezviuru zvakatsvaga hupoteri kumuganhu. Mutungamiri weTak Chamber of Commerce, Panithi Tangpati, akati vashandirwi vakadzinga vashandi basa kuti vasapomedzerwe mhosva yekuchengeta vabvakure zvisiri pamutemo, mhosva inorangwa nemakore anosvika gumi mujeri uye faindi ye50 baht.

Zvita

Vaviri vangangosvika zviuru zviviri vakaungana kumuchato mukuru mudunhu reNonthaburi, wakaitirwa kucherechedza zana ramakore idzva. Chiitiko ichi chakarongwa neTourism Authority yeThailand nemabhizinesi emunharaunda. Vazhinji vevachati nevaroora vaive Thai. Vazhinji vekune dzimwe nyika vakabuda nekuda kwematambudziko angangodaro eMillennium Bug.

2000

2000 ndiro gore rakavhurwa National Science Museum kupemberera zuva rekuzvarwa kwaMambokadzi Sirikit. Iyo museum muKhlong Luang mudunhu rePathum Thani inotungamirwa neBazi reSainzi neTekinoroji. Iyo 60 km, nzira nhanhatu dzakasimudzwa Bang Na Expressway yakavhurwa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kusvika kuPattaya kubva kuBangkok. Yakavhurwawo Mall Nakhon Ratchasima, nzvimbo huru yezvitoro iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Mapaki akati wandei akagadzwa, anosanganisira Khlong Phanom mudunhu reSurat Thani, Mae Wa muLampang neTak matunhu, Pha Daeng (yaimbova Chiang Dao National Park) muChiang Mai, Phu Sang muChiang Rai uye Phayao uye Doi matunhu Pha Hom Pok. muChiang Mai.

Kukadzi

Purovhinzi yeSamut Prakan yaive nzvimbo yechepfu yemwaranzi mushure mekunge silinda yecobalt-60 isina kudzivirirwa, inoshandiswa kugadzira gamma rays yezvekurapa nemaindasitiri, yakawanikwa kune mutengesi. Iye nevamwe vashandi vakabvisa mudziyo uyu vakasangana nemwaranzi yakaoma. Vanhu gumi vakaiswa muchipatara uye vana vavo vakazofa. Vakuru vakati silinda yakanyorwa kuti "Atomic Energy yeCanada." Yakatevedzwa kuKamol Sukosol Electric. Mutauriri weKamol Sukosol akati mumwe wemachina mana eradiotherapy wakabiwa mudura rekambani iyi.

Zviuru zvevaoni zvakaona varwi vashanu vekuNorwegian vachisvetuka kubva muchivako chakareba kudarika mamwe ose muThailand, Baiyoke Tower II, kuti vatore rekodhi pasi rose yekusvetuka-svetuka panguva imwe chete. Vashanu vakasvetuka kubva pauriri hwe81 hwechivakwa chine nhurikidzwa makumi masere nemana vachipinda munzvimbo yekupaka yepasi yechina yeIndra Hotel iri pedyo, 84 metres pazasi.

Gavhuna weBangkok Bhichit Rattakul akati mhando yemhepo muguta guru yave nani. Dhipatimendi rePollution Control rakati kabhoni monoxide uye zvinhu zvidiki zvakaderedzwa zvichienzaniswa nema1990. Mhepo yakachena yeBangkok yaive mhedzisiro yekufamba kuri nani kwetraffic uye kushandiswa kweplastic sheeting kuvhara marori makuru akatakura tsvina nezvimwe zvinhu zvisina kusimba. Zvifukidziro zvepurasitiki zvakarayirwawo kuti zviwarirwe pamusoro pezvivako zvakanga zvichivakwa.

Kurume

Mapurisa atora zviuru zana zvemaCD akabiwa muchitoro mudunhu reNonthaburi. Makarekodha nemavhidhiyo ane zvinonyadzisira. Muridzi wechitoro akange asipo panguva yekupambwa asi mapurisa akati vaironga kumupomera mhosva yekutyora kodzero.

Kubvumbi

Hurumende yakasimbisa hurongwa hwekuvaka nhandare yendege itsva pane yainzi Nong Ngu Hao ('Cobra Swamp'). Ikozvino yava kuzivikanwa seSuvarnabhumi International, nhandare yendege yaizovhurwa muna 2004 uye ichishandira vanhu vangangosvika mamirioni makumi mana pagore seye chete airport yepasi rose munzvimbo yeBangkok. Panguva iyo Don Muang Airport yaibata mafambiro epasi rose, New International Airport Development Committee yakati nhandare yendege yepasi rese yaizodzikisa mutengo uye Tourism Authority yeThailand yakabvuma. Don Muang akazokwanisa kuwanazve chinzvimbo chepasi rose.

Bazi rezvehutano rakati zvirongwa zvepaterevhizheni zvinofanirwa kubvisa mifananidzo yevatambi vari kuputa uye mapaketi efodya anofanirwa kuburitswa nemifananidzo yezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nefodya. Muzviratidziro zvese zveThai nekunze, mifananidzo yemiromo yevanoputa yaifanira kudzima, kunyangwe mumapopayi emakatuni.

Chulalongkorn University's veterinary faculty yakati chirongwa chayo chinotevera chekugadzira inyati yemvura (kwai plak) mushure mekunge yambogadzira mombe. Vatsvakurudzi vakati chirongwa chacho chakakodzera nokuti nhamba yemvura yeThai buffalo yakanga iri kukurumidza kuderera uye yakanyevera kuti mhuka inogona kunyangarika kubva kuThailand zvachose mune ramangwana.

mei

Shin Corp yaive nerunyerekupe rwekuti iri mubishi rekutenga chikamu chikuru muchiteshi cheTV chakazvimirira pakati pekutyira kupindira mune zvematongerwo enyika kubva kuvamba telecom conglomerate uye mutungamiri webato reTRT Thaksin Shinawatra. Thaksin aionekwa semukwikwidzi akasimba kuti ave mutungamiriri weThailand anotevera. Mumwe asina kudomwa zita ari paiTV akaudza Bangkok Post kuti: "Tinotya kuti Thaksin achatonga chiteshi cheterevhizheni obva azvishandisa kuti awane pundutso mune zvematongerwo enyika." Muna 1995, iTV yakapihwa mvumo yemakore makumi matatu ekushanda, asi chiteshi cheterevhizheni chaive chichidedera nekurasikirwa kwakaitwa panguva yedambudziko remari ra30.

Prime Minister Chuan akaburitsa 605-peji Ministry of Defense mushumo pamusoro pe 'Black May' pro-democracy kuratidzira uye kuurayiwa kwevanhu vakawanda muna 1992. Chirevo ichi, chakaburitswa ne60 muzana yezvinyorwa zvakasvibiswa, yakanyorwa naPrivy Councilor uye aimbova Mutungamiriri we. Vekutanga Mauto, General Pichitr Kulavanijaya. Varatidziri vaChivabvu 17-20 vakaratidzira vachipokana nekugadzwa kwaGeneral Suchinda Kraprayoon semutungamiri wehurumende mushure mekubvisa Chatichai Choonhavan pachigaro muna 1991. Hurumende yakati vanhu makumi mana nevana vakafa, makumi matatu nevasere vakatsakatika uye gumi nemumwe vakaremara. Zvisinei, vatsvakurudzi vakazvimiririra havana kubvumirana zvakasimba nenhamba idzi, vachiti mazana akaurayiwa chaizvoizvo.

Hofisi yeEnvironmental Policy and Planning (OEPP) yakati kukurwa kwevhu kwakaparadza mahombekombe eHua Hin neCha-am, kugeza jecha muGulf yeThailand. Rusvingo rwegungwa rwemakore makumi manomwe runodzivirira Maruekhathaiyawan Palace, nzvimbo yehumambo yakavakwa naMambo Rama VI, yakatamburawo nemigumisiro yekuparara kwegungwa. Nyanzvi yeOEPP, Nawarat Krairapanond akati: "Zvisikwa pachazvo zviri kukanganisa mahombekombe aya, asi kukurumidza kumhanya kunogadzirwa nevanhu." Akawedzera kuti pier, zvivakwa uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvinotsausa mhepo yegungwa, zvichimanikidza ikozvino kuyerera kumahombekombe ari pedyo. Izvo zvakacherechedzwa kuti kurasikirwa kwemahombekombe akanaka hakungodzikisi runako rwenyika chete asi zvakare kunotora mari yakawanda sezvo ivhu regungwa richitengeswa kusvika mamirioni gumi baht parai.

Juni

Pashure pemakore 30 okunzvera kwemamorekuru, Dr. Yongyuth Yuthavong akawana magadzirirwo eenzayimu rinogadzirwa nechirwere chemalaria chinonzi DHFR, icho chakaita kuti utachiona hwacho husanzwe nemishonga. (Yongyuth, akapedza kudzidza kuOxford, aimbova purezidhendi weThai Academy of Science and Technology uye anoramba ari mumwe wemasayendisiti anoremekedzwa muThailand.)

Oktober

Mapurisa akashandisa zvikwambo kudzosera kumashure mazana evaratidziri vaikanda matombo muHat Yai vachipokana nekubvumidzwa kwepombi yakabatana yeThai-Malaysian gasi. Vanoona nezvezvakatipoteredza vanoti pombi iyi yemakiromita mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu ingakanganisa ecology yedunhu iri uye kutadzisa vashanyi. Vagari vemumusha pamwe nevadzidzi vakapinda nechisimba panzvimbo yepombi ye350 bhiriyoni baht, zvichimanikidza vakuru vakuru kutiza vachiperekedzwa nemapurisa. Varatidziri vanosvika gumi nevapfumbamwe pamwe nemapurisa gumi nevatatu vakarapwa kukuvara uye rori yanga yakatakura varatidziri yakarohwa nepfuti. Hapana akakuvara muchiitiko ichi uye mapurisa akasunga vasungwa vakawanda.

Mbudzi

Vanenge zana vaimbova vashandi veNike vakanga varasikirwa nemabasa vakaratidzira muimba inosvikira vanhu yeShangri-La Hotel muBangkok kwaigara Tiger Woods. Vati Woods akamirira Nike saka anofanira kufarira dambudziko revashandi vanodarika chiuru avo vakadzingwa basa pasina muripo muna Gunyana. Woods, amai vake vekuThai uye baba vari vekuAmerica, akaperekedzwa mukamuri rake nevachengeti uye haana chaakataura.

Zvita

Thaksin akaramba kubira mari kuburikidza nekutengesa masheya kukambani yekunze yakanyoreswa muBritish Virgin Islands. Vati kutengeserana uku kuri pamutemo uye vakaratidza chivimbo chekuti ongororo yakaitwa naAuditor General icharatidza kuti haana mhosva. Migove iyi yakatengeswa kune vekunze vanoisa mari. "Pakanga pasina chaishamisa," Thaksin akadaro. Iye nemudzimai wake Potjaman vanonzi vakatengesa mamiriyoni ezvikamu zvematatu emakambani avo kuna Win Mark, iyo yakanyoreswa munzvimbo yakakurumbira yemutero, muna Nyamavhuvhu. Ongororo yakaratidzawo kuti Thaksin anonzi akatamisa mamwe masheya anokosha mamirioni ebhaht kumuchengeti wemba, mutyairi, mushandi uye murindi.

2001

2001 ndiro gore rakavambwa Baan Gerda. Sangano rinobatsira vanhu rinobatsira nherera dzeAIDS muThailand rinonzi harina hukama hwezvematongerwo enyika kana zvechitendero. Iyo Bangkok Opera yakavambwa uye iyo Vana Discovery Museum yakavhurwa kumucheto wekuchamhembe kweChatuchak Weekend Market. Mumhanzi wemaawa makumi maviri nemana chiteshi MTV Thailand yakatangwa uye National Human Rights Commission yakaumbwa. Patra Elephant Farm, iyo yega purazi rekuberekesa nzou muThailand, yakavhurwa pedyo neChiang Mai.

Firimu studio Phranakon Firimu yakavambwa uye Singapore International School yeBangkok yakavhurwa. Wildlife Friends Foundation Thailand yakasvika pachiitiko ichi ndokuzivisa mapurojekiti akadai sekununura mhuka uye kugadzirisa uye rubatsiro rwezvemhuka kumhuka dzesango muThailand.

Ndira

Musi wa6 Ndira pakaitwa sarudzo paine zvigaro mazana mashanu zviri munjodzi. Nemapato mapfumbamwe atora chikamu chezvematongerwo enyika, Thai Rak Thai yakahwina zvigaro mazana maviri nemakumi mana nemasere, ichiteverwa neDemocratic Party ine zvigaro zana nemakumi maviri nemasere uye New Aspiration Party ine zvigaro makumi matatu nematanhatu. Mavhoti anokwana 500 akakandwa. Thai Rak Thai akapinda mumubatanidzwa neNew Aspiration Party.

Mauto ekuchengetedza Thai akatora mapatya echiBurmese echipanduki Luther naJohnny Htoo nevamwe gumi nevana akavavharira pedyo nemuganhu weMyanmar mudunhu reRatchaburi. Mapatya acho aitungamirira Uto raMwari revanhu 14 iro rakarwa hondo yechimurenga nemauto eBurma muBurma uye raigara kuThailand. Hondo yaMwari yakakonzerawo nhamo huru muThailand.

Kukadzi

Thaksin Shinawatra akava Mutungamiriri wechimakumi maviri nenhatu weThailand muna Kukadzi 9 mushure mekukunda zvine mutsindo kwebato rake reTRT.

Kuda kweThailand kwenhau dzakazvimirira dzeterevhizheni kwakarwadza zvikuru apo vashandi makumi maviri nevatatu veTV vakadzingwa basa mushure mekuratidzira kuvhiringidzwa mukuburitsa kwavo Mutungamiriri Thaksin nebato reTRT. Vatori venhau vepachiteshi vakati vakamanikidzwa kutamba pasi nhau dzisina kunaka nezveThaksin.

Kurume

Mutungamiri Thaksin akatanga danho idzva mukurwisa kutengeswa kwezvinodhaka, uku achisimbirira kuti aida kurapa vakapindwa muropa. "Methamphetamines iri kukuvadza vanhu vedu kunyangwe zviremera zvinoshanda nesimba kurwisa denda," akadaro Thaksin.

Kubvumbi

PM Thaksin akaunza chirongwa chehutano hwe30 baht. Pakupera kwegore yainge yawedzera kuisa mishonga yeHIV/AIDS. Varwere vanga vatova neinishuwarenzi yehutano kana yekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu vanga vasingakodzeri chirongwa che30 baht asi zvakapa vazhinji vanorwara vanorwara mukana wekuongororwa navanachiremba uye kuwana rubatsiro. "Urongwa hwekupa hutano kune vese huchabudirira mukati metemu yangu yemakore mana," akadaro Thaksin.

Musi wa18 April, vanhu vana vaitengesa zvinodhaka vakaurayiwa mujeri reBang Khwang.
“Munofanira kufunga nezvekurwadziwa uye kutambura kunokonzerwa nevechiduku vedu nekushandisa zvinodhaka,” akadaro Gurukota reThaksin General Thammarak Issarangkura, akaona kuurayiwa kwacho.

Juni

Tao Suranari, firimu reThai rinoratidza mambo weLaotian semushambadzi, rakanganisa hukama pakati penyika mbiri idzi. “Nei hurumende yeThailand isingagoni kumisa vanhu kuita zvinhu zvisina kuvakira nyika,” akabvunza kudaro Lao Chargé d’Affaires Phouangkeo Langsy. Iyi firimu yairatidza mauto eLaotian akapinda muThailand muna 1827 achitungamirirwa naChao Anuwong, akasungwa muBangkok asi achionekwa samambo mukuru muLaos.

Juli

Mapurisa akasunga vanopfuura 102 vanofungidzirwa kuti vanoita chitsotsi mune zvemari, vazhinji vavo vari vekunze, vakanga vatanga zvirongwa zvechitsotsi zve‘boiler room’ zvekubiridzira vatengesi vasingafungiri. Vasungwa ava vakapomerwa mhosva yekuba mari zvisiri pamutemo uye kupandukira hurumende. Vanhu gumi nevanomwe vekuThai nevatorwa makumi masere nevashanu, kusanganisira makumi matatu vekuBritain uye gumi nemana vekuAmerica, vakasungwa kumahofisi eBrinton Group neBenson Dupont Capital Management. AMLO yakatungamira kupambwa. US Federal Bureau of Investigations neAustralian Federal Police vakabatsira vaongorori veThai.

Makundano eEnglish Premiership eManchester United akasvika kune mufaro mukuru kubva kuzviuru zvevatsigiri veThailand kuzotamba nechikwata chenyika cheThai munhandare yeRajamangala. Kaputeni weEngland, David Beckham, akaombera maoko zvakanyanya paakaonekwa paruzhinji akakombwa nevarindi. Beckham akakwazisa mhomho nezvanza zvemaoko ake zvakaiswa pamwechete mutsika Thai wai. Manchester United yakahwina 29-2 kuchikwata chenyika muna Chikunguru 1.

Augustus

Thaksin akaponeswa neDare reConstitutional Court, iro rakavhota 8-7 kuti haana kuvanza hupfumi hwake, mhosva ingadai yakamuwisira pasi. Thaksin akatamisa mabhiriyoni emabhaht anokosha emasheya mubhizinesi rake kuakaundi yevashandi vake nehama. Munun’una wemukadzi wake, Ponjaman, akanga atenga migove inokosha 1997 miriyoni baht kubva kumurandakadzi waShinawatra muna 737. ', dare rakatonga.

Mabhawa nemakirabhu ehusiku akarairwa kuvhara na2am neGurukota rezvemukati menyika Purachai Piosombun sechikamu chemushandirapamwe wekurwisa kuita zvepabonde zvisiri pamutemo, zvinodhaka uye doro.

Gunyana

PM Thaksin vakaramba hurongwa hwekugadziridza chirongwa chekutakura veruzhinji cheHopewell sechinodhura zvakanyanya. Vakaudza vakuru vezvitima kuti vashandise mari iyi kugadzira mamwe manjanji. Chirongwa ichi chakamiswa muna 1997 uye mbiru dzekongiri dzakasiiwa dzepurojekiti yenjanji uye mugwagwa wakasara waizoputswa. Hopewell akati vakashandisa mabhiriyoni gumi nemaviri baht kuvaka mbiru.

Oktober

Boka rekuratidzira rakadaidzira kuti iongororwe chibvumirano pakati peThailand neUS chinobvumira ndege dzemauto eUS kushandisa U-Tapao air base mudunhu reRayong pedyo nePattaya vasina kuzivisa chinangwa chavo. Sangano reDemocratic Confederation rakati kushandiswa kweairbase nendege dzeUS uku kurwiswa kweUS kuAfghanistan kuchienderera "kwaive kusachenjera" uye "kukoka njodzi." "Tiri kudhonzerwa mune inogona kunge iri hondo refu," akadaro Senator Kiaew Norapati, aida kuti hurumende ibvise mabhomba eUS zvachose.

Mapurisa akabudirira kuvhima Mapurisa Sub-Lt. Duangchalerm Yubamrung, uyo anonzi akapfura akafa mupurisa weCrime Suppression Division panguva yekunetsana mubhawa. Kupondwa uku yaive njodzi yezvematongerwo enyika kuna baba vake, Chalerm Yubamrung, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weNew Aspiration Party, mudiki pane vese muhurumende yemubatanidzwa. Zvapupu zvakawanda zvakati zvakaona Sajeni Major Duangchalerm vachipfurwa

*Mabviro enyaya iyi anosanganisira zvakachengetwa kubva kuUPI, AFP, AP, Bangkok Post, The Nation, neWikipedia uye yakaturikirwa pachena kubva kuBig Chilli online magazine. https://is.gd/dNFG7N