Hondo yeFrench-Thai muna 1941

Chisinganyanyozivikanwa nezveHondo Yenyika Yechipiri ndiyo mini-hondo pakati peFrance neThailand. Mumwe weCanada Dr. Andrew McGregor akatsvaga uye akanyora chirevo, chandakawana pane iyo Military Nhoroondo Online webhusaiti. Pazasi pane shanduro (yakapfupikiswa)

Chii chakatangira

Kuputsika kweFrance muchirimo cha1940 kwakaguma nekutorwa kweGerman kwe60% yeFrance. Dzimwe nyika uye humambo hweFrance hwekoloni hwakanga huchiri kudzorwa nehurumende yeVichy. Nekudaro, French Indochina yaive yakaparadzaniswa uye yakatyisidzirwa nemaimperiya eJapan, yakavakidzana neThais uye masangano evapanduki. MaFrench aive neuto revarume vangangosvika zviuru makumi mashanu, vaisanganisira mauto echikoloni uye emuno, aifanirwa kuchengetedza vagari vekuFrance vangangoita 50.000 colonist munzvimbo inosvika mamirioni makumi maviri neshanu eIndo-Chinese.

Nekudaro, Indo-China yakagurwa kubva kune zvigadzirwa naVichy France. Kuvharirwa kweBritish kwakaratidza kushanda, izvo zvaireva kuti mauto eFrance aisakwanisa kutenderedzwa hondo isati yatanga uye zvikamu zve, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvombo zvaisagona kupihwa. Mafuta ezvekufambisa haana kukwanisa kugadzikiswa zvakare.

Duitsland

Vamiriri vehurumende yeVichy vakakumbira kuGermany kuti ibvumidze France kutumira zvombo nemidziyo kuIndo-China. Nharo yakashandiswa yaifanira kukwezva kuGermany pamusana pemadzinza, nokuti yakaratidza mukana wekuti "rudzi rwechena" rwaizorasikirwa muAsia. MaGermany aingofanira kuvimbisa kuisa shoko rakanaka kune vaFrench nevaJapan, avo zvino vakanga vane nzvimbo iri pasi pekutonga.

Panguva imwecheteyo, Vichy akarambidza zvipo kubva kuChina kuti atore Indo-China 'kudzivirira' zvido zveFrance kubva kumaJapan. Vachiziva nezvekuti China irredentist inotaura munzvimbo iyi, vaFrance vakakahadzika kuti kana China ikapindira, France yaizodzosa koloni.

Hondo neThailand

France yakatarisana nekukura kwechiuto uye urudzi hweThai muThailand yakavakidzana. Thailand yaida kudzoreredza nyika yeThai padyo neRwizi rweMekong, iyo yakapihwa kuFrance koloni yeLaos muna 1904. Muna 1907, maFrench akanga amanikidzawo Thailand (yainzi Siam) kuti ibvise matunhu makuru eKhmer eSiemreap, Sisophon neBattambang kuenda kuFrench Cambodia.

Ichiona kushaya simba munharaunda yeFrance yave kure, hurumende yeJapan yeMarshal Pibul Songgram yakatanga chirongwa chemauto chekutora nzvimbo dzakataurwa mushure mekunge maFrance aramba zvaidiwa neThai kuti vadzoke muna Gumiguru 1940.

Kunyange zvazvo vaThais vakanga vasayina chibvumirano chekusava nechisimba neFrance munaJune 1940, chibvumirano chacho hachina kubvumirwa muThailand mushure mokunge France yawa. Pakazosvika Gumiguru 1940, Marshal Songgram akange aunganidza mauto makumi mashanu ezviuru (mumapoka mashanu) uye akawana zana remazuva ano ndege dzehondo, mabhomba nendege dzegungwa kubva kuJapan. Nendege zana dziripo dzekuAmerica (kunyanya Vough Corsairs naCurtiss Hawks), iyo yakanga yatorwa pakati pa50.000 na100, mauto emuchadenga eThailand akanga zvino akura zvakapetwa katatu pane zvakanga zvawanikwa nemauto emuchadenga eFrance.

Iyo Thai Navy yaive zvakare ine zvikepe zvemazuva ano uye yakabuda kunze kweFrench colonial zvikepe, zvirinani pamapepa. Border skirmishes yakatanga munaNovember uye Thais akayambuka Rwizi rweMekong muna Zvita.

Thai kurwisa

Musi wa5 Ndira, 1941, Thailand yakatanga pfuti huru uye kubhomba kwemuchadenga kwenzvimbo dzeFrance.

Ichi chigumbuso cheThai chakaitika pamativi mana:

1) Northern Laos, uko Thais akatora nzvimbo dzakapokana nekupikisa kushoma

2) Southern Laos, uko Thais akayambuka Rwizi rweMekong musi wa19 Ndira

3) Iyo Dangrek chikamu, uko kwaive nehondo yakavhiringika nekubatirana makombora

4) Colonial Route 1 (RC 1) mudunhu reBattambang, uko kwakarwiwa zvakanyanya.

Kubudirira kwekutanga paRC 1 kwakanyangadzwa neCambodian "Tirailleurs" (vapfura pfuti). Hondo huru yeThai yakasangana nekurwisa kweFrance kuYang Dam Koum muBattambang musi wa16 Ndira. Hondo yeThai yakanga yakashongedzerwa neVickers 6-ton matangi, nepo maFrench aive asina matangi.

The French counter-offensive

Iyo French counter-offensive yaive nezvikamu zvitatu:

1) Kurwisa-kurwisa paRC-1 munharaunda yeYang Dam Koum

2) Kurwiswa kweBrigade d'Annam-Laos pazvitsuwa zveMekong River.

3) Kurwiswa kweFrench Navy's 'Groupement apoacalnel' kurwisa zvikepe zveThai muGulf yeSiam.

Nzira yeColonial RC 1

Mutungamiriri weFrance Jacomy akatungamira chigumbuso chikuru paRoute Colonial RC 1, asi kurwiswa kweYang Dam Koum kwaive kukanganisa kuFrance kubva pakutanga. Mauto ake aisanganisira battalion yeColonial Infantry (European) uye mauto maviri e'Mixed Infantry' (European neIndo-Chinese). Nzvimbo yesango yakaita kuti zviome kushandisa zvombo uye ndege dzeFrance, dzaifanirwa kupa rutsigiro, hadzina kuuya. Mhepo yaidzorwa nevaThai. Nhaurirano dzeredhiyo dzakanga dzisina kunaka uye mirairo yakatumirwa nevaFrench muMorse yakabvumwa, zvichibvumira mauto emhepo eThai kutarisira mafambiro aitarisirwa.

Kukundwa kwakakwana kwakadziviswa apo maThais akarwiswa nehondo yeFifth Infantry Regiment paPhum Préau. MaLegionnaires akarohwa zvakanyanya nekurwiswa kwezvombo zveThai, asi aive nekanoni mbiri 25mm uye imwe 75mm pazvavaigona kuti vashandise kurwisa matangi eThai. Iyo mota ine mota yegumi neimwe yeColonial Infantry Regiment yakasimbisa mutsetse weFrance. Mutsara. Mushure mekunge matangi matatu eThai aparadzwa, vaThais vakabuda.

Hondo yeNaval muGulf yeSiam

Iyo French Navy yaive yakakosha muIndo-China, sekune chero mhiri kwemakungwa koloni. Simba rine mwero reFrench Navy raive nebasa risiripo muHondo huru yeAsia ya1941-1945, isingakwanise kumirisana nekurwiswa kweJapan kana Allied blockades. Mauto emugungwa eFrance aitofanira kutarisana nehondo huru, isingatarisirwi yemauto nemauto emugungwa eThai.

MaFrench akasarudza kutumira zvikepe zvidiki zveFrance kuGulf of Siam kunorwisa mauto eThai. Zvikepe zveThai, zvakamiswa paKoh Chang, zvakaonekwa nechikepe cheFrance chaibhururuka. Hondo yeFrance (kana Groupement apo neapo) yaisanganisira chikepe cheLamotte-Piquet, zvikepe zvidiki Dumont d'Urville neAmiral Charner, uye zvikepe zvepfuti Tahure neMarne, kubva kuHondo Yenyika Yekutanga.

Husiku hwaNdira 16, zvikepe zveFrance zvakamhanya zvakananga kuzvitsuwa zvakatenderedza Koh Chang ndokuzvipatsanura nenzira yekuti nzira dzekutiza dzengarava dzeThai dzakavharwa. Kurwiswa kwacho kwakatanga mangwanani e17^e, uko vaFrench vakabatsirwa nemhute inorema.

Zvikepe zveThai ipapo zvaisanganisira zvikepe zvitatu zvakavakwa neItalian-torpedo uye, kudada kweThai Navy, ngarava mbiri nyowani dzakashongedzerwa dzekudzivirira dzemahombekombe dzine pfuti dzakagadzirwa neJapan 6 ″, Donburi neAhidéa. MaFrench akashamiswa kuwana ngarava dzakawanda kudaro, sezvavaitarisira Ahidéa chete, asi vaDonburi vakanga vasvika nezuro wacho kuzosunungura Ahidéa mukutenderera kwakajairika.

MaFrench akarasikirwa nemukana wekushamisika apo ndege yegungwa yeLoire 130 yakada kubhomba ngarava dzeThai. The Thais ichiri kuvhura moto, asi iyo Lamotte-Piquet munguva pfupi yakakonzera kukuvadza kwakaipisisa paAhidéa nepfuti uye torpedoes, ichimhanyisa ngarava pasi. Zvikepe zvitatu zveThai torpedo zvakanyudzwa nepfuti dzeFrance. .

VaDonburi vakaedza kutiza pakati pezvitsuwa zvakakwirira zvemamita mazana maviri, asi chikepe cheFrance chakadzingirira. Iyo Donburi yakapiswa, asi yakaramba ichipfuta pane cruiser nemasloops. Yakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya uye ichinyorwa kune starboard, iyo Donburi yakazonyangarika kuseri kwechitsuwa uye maFrance akasiya kurwisa kwacho. Gare gare muzuva, iyo Donburi yakatorwa muchikepe nechikepe cheThai, asi nekukurumidza yakanyura ndokunyura. Hondo yemugungwa yakanga yatora isingapfuuri maminetsi makumi mana nemashanu.

Zvikepe zveFrance zvakanga zvisati zvakwanisa kupemberera kukunda kwavo, nokuti Lamotte-Piquet yakanga ichiri kurwiswa nendege yeThai Corsair. Kurwiswa uku kwakasemburwa nemoto unorwisa ndege. Hondo yeFrench Navy yakanga yaparadza zvikepe zvose zveThai pakurasikirwa kusingakoshi kuvaFrench. Zvaiita panguva iyoyo kuva chinjo yakamwe kamwe uye inoshamisa yepfuma yeFrance.

Aftermath

MaJapan akanga atarisa kurwisana kubva kumativi uye vakatumira simba remugungwa rine simba kumuromo weMekong River kuti vatsigire (kusimbisa) nhaurirano kuti dzipedze kukakavara.

Kumiswa kwehondo kwenguva pfupi kwakaiswa muna Ndira 28, asi kutsamwisana kweThai pamuganho kwakaenderera mberi kudzamara chibvumirano chemauto chasainwa muchikepe chehondo cheJapan Natori kubva kuSaigon. Hukuru hwekubatana kweThai-Japanese kwakava pachena apo chibvumirano chakaitwa neJapan pakati peVichy neThailand chakasainwa muna Chivabvu 9, 1941 pamusoro penzvimbo dzine gakava dzeLaos, ichipa chikamu chedunhu reCambodian reSiem Reap uye Battambang yese kuThailand.

Kupokana uku kwakadyira maFrance mauto anopfuura mazana matatu akaurayiwa uye kurasikirwa nemukurumbira pakati pevakoloni. Mauto eEurope uye kukuvara kwezvinhu hazvaigona kutsiviwa nekuda kwekuvhara. Mauto eFrance akaramba akaora mwoyo zvakanyanya kudzamara maJapan atora hurumende muna 300 apo mauto eVichy colonial muIndo-China akakundwa zvachose.

Pakupedzisira, Thais akaita zvirinani zvishoma. MaKhmers akabviswa zvakanyanya kubva munzvimbo yakarasika yeCambodian, vachifarira kutonga kweFrance, asi Thailand pachayo yakakurumidza kutorwa ne "shamwari" yavo ine simba Japan.

“Flying Fortress” yeAmerica yakabhomba Bangkok muna 1942. Thailand yakazivisa hondo paVabatanidzwa muna 1944, asi gare gare zvakaoneka kuti mumiriri weThailand kuUnited States haana kutongopa ziviso yehondo kuhurumende yeAmerica.

Nzvimbo dzakapokana muLaos neCambodia dzakadzoserwa kuhurumende itsva yeGaulist muFrance pakupera kwehondo.

NB: Rumwe ruzivo rwakadzama nezve kuumbwa kwemauto eFrance neThai, zvombo zviripo uye huwandu hwevakakuvara zvinogona kuwanikwa paChirungu Wikipedia peji.

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