Iyo Dharmasala Route kubva kuAngkor kuenda kuPhimai

Angkor

Nzvimbo yepakati yehumambo hukuru hweKhmer (9^e kusvika hafu ye15^e zana) - iyo inosanganisira chikamu chikuru chemazuva ano Thailand - yaidzorwa nepakati kubva kuAngkor. Chiremera chepakati ichi chakabatana nehumambo hwese netiweki yenzira dzemvura dzinofambika uye anopfuura chiuru chemakiromita emigwagwa yakanyatsogadzirwa uye yakasimudzwa yakashongedzerwa zvivakwa zvinodiwa kufambisa kufamba, senge nzvimbo dzakavharwa, nzvimbo dzekurapa uye mvura. reservoirs .

Kutevedzana kwenguva kweiyi migwagwa haina kujeka nekuti kazhinji inosanganisira zvivakwa zvakashandiswa zvakare. Asi tsvakiridzo yakaitwa mumakumi emakore achangopfuura inoratidza kuti kuvakwa kweiyi network network kungave kwakakodzerwa nemutongi mumwe chete, Jayavarman VII, akatonga Humambo hweKhmer kubva 1182 kusvika 1218. Aive mumwe wemachinda echiKhmer anoyemurika asina kungowana kuwedzera kukuru kwenzvimbo yehumambo uye aive netembere dzakawanda dzakanaka dzakavakwa, asi zvakare akatsiva Brahmanism mudare neMahayana Buddhism.

Iyo inonyanya kukosha yemigwagwa yakavakwa pasi pekutarisira kwake yaive nzira yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kubva kuAngkor kuenda kuPhimai - ipapo Vimaya. Nekudaro, chikamu cheiyi nzira chaive chekare mumavambo uye chinogona kunge chine midzi mu prehistory. Mukati mekutsvaga kwekuchera matongo kwakaitwa muna 2008 ne Kugara Angkor Road Project - timu yakabatana yeThai-Cambodian yekuchera matongo - zvakasara zveasingasviki makumi maviri nematatu ekugara kwekare akawanikwa munzira iyi. Mugwagwa uyu, unowanzonzi Dharmasala Route, saka ungangove wakapfuura chiuru chemakore apo wakagadziridzwa uye wakawedzerwa pasi pekutonga kwaJayavarman VII.

VaKhmer vaisada hafu yezviyero. Vakasimudza mugwagwa kuti nzira isaite mafashamu munguva yekunaya kwemvura ndokuiwedzera kuti ngoro mbiri dzemombe dzipfuure pasina dambudziko. Kutaurwa kwekare kwenzira uye humbowo hwekukosha kwakabatanidzwa pairi kunogona kuwanikwa sechinyorwa chakavezwa muSanskrit padombo patemberi yePreah Khan muAngkor, yakavakwa muna 1181. Rugwaro urwu rwakaronga, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nzvimbo dzokumira dzakavakwa namambo pamugwagwa uyu. Pane imwe, ingangoita makore 130 chinyorwa chekare chinogona kuwanikwa muPrasat Don Kau yakapedzwa muna 1046 iyo inoreva '.vrah phlu' kana 'Mugwagwa Unoyera' waimhanya kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, asi nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemamwe mareferenzi mapoinzi hazvina chokwadi kana iyi ndiyo imwe uye nzira imwechete ... Mamwe akawanda akanyorwa kubva muzana ramakore regumi nerimwe, kusanganisira kuPhnom Sreh. uye Sdok Kok Thom, zvinoreva mabheseni emvura, mabhiriji nenzvimbo dzekuzororera, asi zvinosuruvarisa kwete kunzvimbo yenzvimbo. Nekudaro, zvese izvi zvinyorwa zvinodyisa dzidziso yekuti Jayavaraman VII akashandisa yekare migwagwa kuvaka nzira yeDharmasala.

Mimwe migwagwa mikuru, kusanganisira iyo yokuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba, yakanga yatovakwa pakati pezana ramakore rechipfumbamwe neregumi nerimwe. Izvi zvaive nezvakawanda zvekuita nekuvhura nzira yekutengeserana yekuChina, asi zvakatonyanya kuita nekuisa pasi kumukira uye kumwe kurwisa kwemauto, kusanganisira kurwisa Cham neDai Viet. Zvivakwa zvemigwagwa zvakanaka zvaive zvakakosha kuitira kuti mauto uye zvinhu zvinodiwa zviuye panzvimbo nekukurumidza. Kuvakwa kwemugwagwa unobatanidza kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, iyo yaive imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzinobatanidza muhumambo, kwakatanga gare gare uye - zvakangoitika kana kwete - zvakangoenderana nekuwedzera kwenzvimbo kwehumambo munzira iyoyo. Rinofanira kunge raiva basa chairo nekuti chikamu chikuru chenzira iyi chaipfuura nemusango kana kuti munzvimbo dzisina kuenzana. Nzira iyi yaive nehurefu hwakareba makiromita mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nemashanu uye yakabatanidza Angkor, guta guru uye nzvimbo yechitendero chehumambo, nePhimai. Akafamba achipfuura nemuTa Muen Thom Pass nemuMakomo eDangrek, ayo nhasi anoumba muganhu pakati peThailand neCambodia. Nzvimbo yekutanga kupfuura iyi nzira isingagoneki yaive inoyevedza yePrasat Phanom Rung temberi, yakavakirwa pamusoro pegomo rinoputika.

Phimai

Zita Dharmasala inoreva gumi nemanomwe, yakavakwa mumatombo akasimba ekupedzisira dharmasala kana kuti dzimba dzevaenzi dzevafambi avo, nguva imwe neimwe, vakanga vafamba chinhambwe chipfupi chemakiromita angangoita makumi maviri uye nokudaro vaigona kusvikwa zviri nyore mukati mekufamba kwezuva. Kunze kwe dharmasala munhu aigonawo kuita zvinodaidzwa kuti nguva nenguva ku of arokayasala iyo yakashanda sezvipatara. Zvivakwa izvi zvakare zvakavakwa mune laterite uye sandstone uye chiverengero chazvo chakapona nekuparara kwenguva zvakanyanya kana kushoma zvisina kukuvara. Zvakadaro, zvimwe chetezvo hazvigone kutaurwa nezvedzimba nedzimba dzekunze dzakavakwa panzvimbo idzi, kusanganisira sedzimba dzevaenzi, nekuti zvivakwa zvemapuranga izvi zvagara zvakanyangarika kubva pachiso chenyika. Sekureva kwevazhinji vanochera matongo, ichi ndichowo chikonzero nei pasina chero zvisaririra - kunze kwembiru shoma dzemashure - zvinogona kuwanikwa zvemabhiriji mazhinji anofanira kunge akavakwa pasi pekutonga kwaJayavaraman VII, nekuti pano zvakare, hardwood yainyanya kushandiswa. iyo mushure mekunge vashoma vaora kwemakumi emakore mumamiriro ekunze asina tsitsi….

Ose ari maviri dharmasala se arokayasala dzakanyanya kufanana muchimiro uye hurongwa hwepasi uye ese aive neakaenzana hunhu hushanu hwezvivakwa zvakafanana: shrine yaive pakati penzvimbo idzi. Imba yacho yakanga yakakomberedzwa nemadziro emurume akareba uye akasimba zvakanyanya akagadzirwa neakareite blocks. Migero yakanga yakasiyana nedzimwe. Izvi zvaiwanzowanikwa chete kumativi prasat, temberi huru. Nechekunze kweruzhowa urwu, dhishi remvura raigona kugara richiwanikwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, sezvakangoitawo dhishi remvura panzvimbo yacho. bannasala yaizowanikwa, chivako chekunze icho zvimwe chaishanda seraibhurari nenzvimbo yokuchengetera. A gopura kana kuti chivako chemikova chaiva parusvingo chaiita kuti papinde nzvimbo yepakati netemberi yaiwanzovharwa ne prang kana kuti shongwe yakaita seflasiki yakashongedzwa korona. The dharmasala vaiwanzotsanangurwa se 'dzimba dzemoto' kana 'dzimba dzine moto' uye izvi zvichida zvaiva nechokuita netsika yeBramanist yaiitwa mavari.

Chimwe uye chinoshamisa ndechekuti mukati mezvivakwa izvi zvakapera asi izvi hazvina kumboitwa nekunze kweimwe. dharmasala se arokayasala. Sezviri pachena izvi zvaive nechekuita nekumhanya kwepamusoro kwakatangwa chirongwa ichi chekuvakisa uye chakapedzwa pasi peJayavaraman VII. Zvaive pachena kuti kunyaradzwa kwevafambi kwakatora nzvimbo yekutanga pamusoro pekunaka kwezvivakwa izvi. Kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaderera uye hunyanzvi hakuna kuita zvakanaka kune zvivakwa zviri munzira. Zvichida kuchengetedza mari, laterite, inowanzowanikwa munharaunda, yakashandiswa panzvimbo yejecha rinodhura. Munzvimbo yatinoziva nhasi seCambodia, laterite yainyanya kushandiswa sechinhu chehwaro kana pakuvaka madziro akatenderedza temberi. Asi muIsaan, dunhu rekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweThailand yemazuva ano, temberi dzese, kusanganisira dzimba dzedenga, dzakavakwa neiyi mbishi. Sandstone yaingoshandiswa pamapuranga emasuo, mahwindo ewindo kana zvimwe zvinhu zvekushongedza. Kushaikwa kwezvinhu zvakakodzera uye idi rokuti kwakanga kusina vangangove vakakwana vakakwana vamatombo vane unyanzvi navashandi vekuvaka muIsaan ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru nei zvizhinji kwazvo zveizvi zvivako zvakanga zvisina kunaka zvakakomba mazana mashomanene amakore gare gare. Mushure mezvose, VANHU vemhando yepamusoro vakashanda paBayon Tembere yakakura muAngkor, Jayavaraman VII chirongwa chekuvaka chine mukurumbira.

Zvizhinji zvenzira iyi ine mukurumbira zvakanyangarika zvachose. Chete pamberi pePrasat Hin Phimai pachine chikamu chenzira yekutanga. Icho chinhu chinokatyamadza kuti temberi iyi haina kuvakwa yakatarisa kumabvazuva, sematemberi mazhinji eKhmer, asi kuti nzvimbo yepakati yakange yakananga kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, kuitira kuti iyi inoyevedza tembere inopindirana nenzira yeDhramasala.

Ini ndinonzwisisa kuti kubika kunoda mari uye kuti parizvino hapana kuwanda kwezviwanikwa muThailand, asi zvinonyadzisa kuti zviremera zveThai hazvisi kuita zvakawanda kuedza kuburitsa nyaya inonakidza yeDharmasal. Nzira uye, kunyanya nezve matongo ari mungozi zvakanyanya, kuvadzivirira zvakakwana kubva pakuzoora. Ini pachangu ndakamboshanda kwekanguva pachirongwa chakamiswa nehurumende yedunhu reBuriram, icho chaisanganisira kuferefetwa kwenzvimbo dzinoverengeka. Kubva pane zvandakakwanisa kupedzisa panzvimbo, pane zvakawanda zvekuda kwakanaka uye kushingaira, asi kuti nhamba yezvivako zvakakosha zvakange zvakarasika zvisingagadziriswi ... Izvi zvingave zvakadziviswa kana munhu akaita izvi mumaXNUMX uye XNUMX. , apo vaThai Fine Arts Department akatanga kudzorera nhamba yenzvimbo dzakakosha zvikuru, dzaive nehurongwa hwakarongeka hwekuita, asi kupfuura hafu yezana remakore gare gare, chirongwa ichocho hachisati chiripo ... Uye munhu anogona kungozvidemba kuti ...